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Background Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is closely associated with chronic liver diseases, particularly liver cirrhosis, which has an altered extracellular matrix (ECM) composition. The influence and its mechanism of the cirrhotic-ECM on the response of HCC to immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) remains less clarified.Methods In silico, proteomic and IHC assessment of alteration of cirrhotic-ECM were applied in clinical cohort. Multiple pre-clinical models with ECM manipulation were used to evaluate cirrhotic-ECM’s effect on ICI treatment. In silico, flow cytometry and IHC were applied to explore how cirrhotic-ECM affect HCC microenvironment. In vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out to identify the mechanism of how cirrhotic-ECM undermined ICI treatment.Results We defined “a pro-tumor cirrhotic-ECM” which was featured as the up-regulation of Col1. Cirrhotic-ECM/Col1 was closely related to impaired T cell function and limited aPD-1 response of HCC patients from the TCGA pan cancer cohort and the authors’ institution, as well as in multiple pre-clinical models. Mechanically, cirrhotic-ECM/Col1 orchestrated an immunosuppressive microenvironment (TME) by triggering Col1-DDR1-NFκB-CXCL8 axis, which initiated neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) formation to shield HCC cells from attacking T cells and impede approaching T cells. Nilotinib, an inhibitor of DDR1, reversed the neutrophils/NETs dominant TME and efficiently enhanced the response of HCC to aPD-1.Conclusions cirrhotic-ECM modulated a NETs enriched TME in HCC, produced an immune suppressive TME and weakened ICI efficiency. Col1 receptor DDR1 could be a potential target synergically used with ICI to overcome ECM mediated ICI resistance. These provide a mechanical insight and novel strategy to overcome the ICI resistance of HCC.

Study design A retrospective study evaluating cranial facet joint violation (FJV) by cortical bone trajectory (CBT) screw. Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors of FJV following CBT screw placement for different techniques. Summary of background data CBT is a novel technique for lumbar fusion, and FJV is one of the most common complications, leading to poor prognosis. No studies have investigated the incidence and risk factors of FJV for the CBT technique during different methods. Methods The authors reviewed 91 consecutive patients who underwent CBT screw instrumentation from June 2015 to August 2018. In the fluoroscopic-open group (FOG), 42 patients received an open procedure. In the navigation-open group (NOG), 24 patients underwent open instrumentation. In the navigation-percutaneous group, 25 patients underwent percutaneous instrumentation. Postoperative computed tomography scans were obtained to determine the degree and incidence of FJV. Clinical and imaging data were analyzed to clarify the risk factors of FJV. Results The incidence of FJV occurred in 35.7% of patients and 16.9% of screws in the FOG, 4.2% of patients and 3.8% of screws in the NOG, and 8.0% of patients and 8.0% of screws in the navigation-percutaneous group. Open instrumentation using navigation led to a lower risk of FJV compared with the conventional approach. There was no difference in the rate of FJV between percutaneous and open surgery with navigation assistance. Risk factors affecting FJV include: (1) left-side screw, facet angle ≥45 degrees, and scoliosis for fluoroscopy-assisted CBT instrumentation; (2) body mass index ≥30 kg/m, facet angle ≥45 degrees, and scoliosis for navigation-assisted CBT instrumentation. Conclusions Lumbar fusion through CBT instrumentation would reduce FJV. Computer-assisted navigation resulted in a lower incidence of FJV. Percutaneous instrumentation with navigation assistance is not a risk factor for FJV. Special care should be taken in patients with body mass index ≥30 kg/m, left-side screw, facet angle ≥45 degrees, and scoliosis. Level of evidence Level III.

Objective To compare the superior-level facet joint violations (FJV) between robot-assisted (RA) percutaneous pedicle screw placement and conventional open fluoroscopic-guided (FG) pedicle screw placement in a prospective cohort study. Methods This was a prospective cohort study without randomization. One-hundred patients scheduled to undergo RA (n = 50) or FG (n = 50) transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion were included from February 2016 to May 2018. The grade of FJV, the distance between pedicle screws and the corresponding proximal facet joint, and intra-pedicle accuracy of the top screw were evaluated based on postoperative CT scan. Patient demographics, perioperative outcomes, and radiation exposure were recorded and compared. Perioperative outcomes include surgical time, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative length of stay, conversion, and revision surgeries. Results Of the 100 screws in the RA group, 4 violated the proximal facet joint, while 26 of 100 in the FG group had FJV (P = 0.000). In the RA group, 3 and 1 screws were classified as grade 1 and 2, respectively. Of the 26 FJV screws in the FG group, 17 screws were scored as grade 1, 6 screws were grade 2, and 3 screws were grade 3. Significantly more severe FJV were noted in the FG group than in the RA group (P = 0.000). There was a statistically significant difference between RA and FG for overall violation grade (0.05 vs 0.38, P = 0.000). The average distance of pedicle screws from facet joints in the RA group (4.16 ± 2.60 mm) was larger than that in the FG group (1.92 ± 1.55 mm; P = 0.000). For intra-pedicle accuracy, the rate of perfect screw position was greater in the RA group than in the FG group (85% vs 71%; P = 0.017). No statistically significant difference was found between the clinically acceptable screws between groups (P = 0.279). The radiation dose was higher in the FG group (30.3 ± 11.3 vs 65.3 ± 28.3 μSv; P = 0.000). The operative time in the RA group was significantly longer (184.7 ± 54.3 vs 117.8 ± 36.9 min; P = 0.000). Conclusions Compared to the open FG technique, minimally invasive RA spine surgery was associated with fewer proximal facet joint violations, larger facet to screw distance, and higher intra-pedicle accuracy.

To study the ultrasonographic manifestations and clinical features of common pediatric testicular germ cell tumors (TGCT) in children.We retrospectively analyzed the laboratory, ultrasonographic and clinical data on 92 children with TGCT diagnosed in Shanghai Children's Hospital from March 2013 to January 2019, and investigated the values of the serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level and maximum diameter of tumors in the diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors using the ROC curve.Of the 92 cases of pediatric TGCT, 64 (69.6%) were pathologically confirmed as benign tumors, including 40 cases of teratoma (62.5%), 18 cases of epidermoid cyst (28.1%) and 6 cases of dermoid cyst (9.4%), and the other 28 (30.4%) as malignant neoplasms, including 26 cases of yolk sac tumor (YST, 92.9%) and 2 cases of mixed germ cell tumor (MGCT, 7.1%). Ultrasonography showed that 62.5% of the teratomas were cystic-solid mixed (25/40) and 32.5% solid masses (12/40), that 33.3% of the epidermoid cysts exhibited a typical sign of "onion ring" (6/18) and 22.2% that of capsular calcification (4/18), and that 42.3% of the YSTs displayed isoechoic (11/26), 30.9% hypoechoic (8/26) solid masses without calcium and 26.9% cystic anechoic lesions (7/26). Color Doppler blood flow imaging manifested abundant blood flow signals in most of the YSTs (25/26, 96.2%) but none in either the epidermoid or the dermoid cysts. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) of the serum AFP value was 0.985, with an optimal cutoff value of 124.2 ng/ml, and the sensitivity and specificity of AFP in the diagnosis of benign and malignant tumors were 92.9% and 93.7%, respectively. The AUC of the maximum diameter of the tumors was 0.796, with an optimal cutoff value of 2.7 cm, and the sensitivity and specificity of the maximum diameter of the tumors in the diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms were 57.1% and 93.7%, respectively.Ultrasonographic images have different characteristic manifestations for different pathological types of pediatric TGCT. Pediatric TGCT has a good prognosis and radical orchiectomy should be considered for the treatment of the tumors with serum AFP ≥ 124.2 ng/ml and a diameter ≥ 2.7 cm.

To explore the ultrasonographic characteristics of testis tumor in children of different ages.We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data, ultrasonographic results, surgical methods and pathological findings of 76 children with testis tumor treated in Shanghai Children's Hospital between April 2013 and March 2018. According to the age at the first diagnosis, we divided the patients into a 0－4 yr (n = 57) and a 5－12 yr group (n = 19), and compared the clinical manifestations, tumor markers, ultrasonographic features such as the tumor size, echogenicity, calcification and color flow images, pathological findings, and surgical methods between the two groups of patients.Benign tumors were found in 73.4% of the 76 children and in 100% of the patients in the 5－12 yr group, with epidermoid cyst as the most common type (52.6% ［10/19］), 47.4% (9/19) found accidentally, 94.7% (9/19) without elevation of the alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) level, and 94.7% (9/19) treated by testis-sparing surgery (TSS). In the 0－4 yr group, teratoma and yolk sac tumors were the most common and 87.7% (50/57) of the cases were characterized by painless scrotal swelling with a normal or elevated AFP level, treated by TSS or radical orchiectomy. There were statistically significant differences between the two groups of patients in the clinical manifestations, AFP values, pathological findings and surgical methods (all P0.05), but not in the ultrasonographic results, mostly solid or mixed cystic-solid masses (χ2 = 0.908, P = 0.635). The maximum diameter of the tumors was smaller and the volume of the healthy contralateral testis was greater in the 5－12 yr than in the 0－4 yr group (t = 2.673 and 2.858, P = 0.009 and 0.010). The proportions of the tumors with calcification and those with grade 0 blood flow were significantly higher in the former than in the latter group (χ2 = 4.825 and 12.298, P = 0.028 and 0.006).Testis tumors have different clinical and ultrasonographic features in children of different age groups, malignancy mostly in 0- to 4-year-olds while benignancy commonly in 5- to 12-year-olds, frequently with normal AFP, calcification, and less abundant color blood flow. TSS is recommended for the treatment of testis tumor with serum AFP negative in 5－12 years old children.

This study was a retrospective review of prospectively collected clinical data.To evaluate the clinical and radiologic outcomes of computer-assisted minimally invasive spine surgery transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (CAMISS-TLIF) and open TLIF for the treatment of 1-level degenerative lumbar disease.Minimally invasive TLIF is becoming increasingly popular; however, the limited space and high rate of hardware complications associated with this method are challenging to surgeons. Computer-assisted navigation has the potential to dynamically show the fine anatomic structures, which could theoretically facilitate minimally invasive spine procedures.Sixty-one patients underwent 1-level TLIF procedures (30, CAMISS-TLIF; 31, open TLIF). The computer-assisted navigation system was used for CAMISS-TLIF, whereas conventional fluoroscopy was used for open TLIF. Demographic, operative, visual analog scale, and Oswestry disability index data were collected. Screw insertion was assessed by computed tomography, and radiologic fusion based on Bridwell grading was evaluated 2 years after surgery by independent investigators.The CAMISS-TLIF group had significantly less blood loss, postoperative drain, need for transfusion, and initial postoperative back pain; earlier rehabilitation; and shorter postoperative hospitalization than the open TLIF group, whereas CAMISS-TLIF took longer surgical time than open TLIF. However, no significant differences between the 2 groups in visual analog scale scores and Oswestry disability index were observed at 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years postoperatively. A total of 93.33% and 73.39% of screws in the CAMISS and open groups, respectively, had no pedicle perforation (P=0.016), and the fusion rate was similar in both groups (P=0.787).Computer-assisted navigation facilitated minimally invasive spine surgery-TLIF. CAMISS-TLIF was superior to open TLIF for treating 1-level degenerative lumbar disease, although it required longer operation time in the initial stage. CAMISS-TLIF showed several benefits compared with open TLIF, including less intraoperative blood loss, postoperative drainage, and pain; earlier rehabilitation; and shorter postoperative hospitalization.

Introduction: Potential complications associated with screw malposition may result in neurological deficits or vascular injuries. Spine surgery has significantly developed under the assistance of technological progress. The advantages of applying robotic technology in spine surgery include the possibility of improving screw accuracy, reducing complications, decreasing fluoroscopy use.Areas covered: We critically evaluated the current literature on the radiographic and clinical outcomes of robotic-assisted spine surgery, including accuracy, radiation exposure, operative time, and complication rates.Expert opinion: Robotic-assisted spine surgery shows promising results and has the potentials for further investigations. The robot-assisted spine surgery is appeared to be more accurate in pedicle screw placement than the free-hand technique. In general, the robot-assisted technique is associated with shorter radiation exposure time but longer operative time than free-hand technique. For higher accuracy of robotic-assisted spine surgery, technical advancement and high-quality researches are needed. Artificial intelligent technology, decompression function, and higher accuracy are the directions for the development of robotic-assisted spine surgery.

OBJECTIVEThe object of this study was to compare the safety and accuracy of pedicle screw placement using the TiRobot system versus conventional fluoroscopy in thoracolumbar spinal surgery.METHODSPatients with degenerative or traumatic thoracolumbar spinal disorders requiring spinal instrumentation were randomly assigned to either the TiRobot-assisted group (RG) or the freehand fluoroscopy-assisted group (FG) at a 1:1 ratio. The primary outcome measure was the accuracy of screw placement according to the Gertzbein-Robbins scale; grades A and B (pedicle breach < 2 mm) were considered clinically acceptable. In the RG, discrepancies between the planned and actual screw placements were measured by merging postoperative CT images with the trajectory planning images. Secondary outcome parameters included proximal facet joint violation, duration of surgery, intraoperative blood loss, conversion to freehand approach in the RG, postoperative hospital stay, and radiation exposure.RESULTSA total of 1116 pedicle screws were implanted in 234 patients (119 in the FG, and 115 in the RG). In the RG, 95.3% of the screws were perfectly positioned (grade A); the remaining screws were graded B (3.4%), C (0.9%), and D (0.4%). In the FG, 86.1% screws were perfectly positioned (grade A); the remaining screws were graded B (7.4%), C (4.6%), D (1.4%), and E (0.5%). The proportion of clinically acceptable screws was significantly greater in the RG than in the FG (p < 0.01). In the RG, the mean deviation was 1.5 ± 0.8 mm for each screw. The most common direction of screw deviation was lateral in the RG and medial in the FG. Two misplaced screws in the FG required revision surgery, whereas no revision was required in the RG. None of the screws in the RG violated the proximal facet joint, whereas 12 screws (2.1%) in the FG violated the proximal facet joint (p < 0.01). The RG had significantly less blood loss (186.0 ± 255.3 ml) than the FG (217.0 ± 174.3 ml; p < 0.05). There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of surgical time and postoperative hospital stay. The mean cumulative radiation time was 81.5 ± 38.6 seconds in the RG and 71.5 ± 44.2 seconds in the FG (p = 0.07). Surgeon radiation exposure was significantly less in the RG (21.7 ± 11.5 μSv) than in the FG (70.5 ± 42.0 μSv; p < 0.01).CONCLUSIONSTiRobot-guided pedicle screw placement is safe and useful in thoracolumbar spinal surgery.Clinical trial registration no.: NCT02890043 (clinicaltrials.gov)

To analyze the high-frequency ultrasound image features of acute scrotum in children and explore the value of high-frequency ultrasonography in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease.This retrospective study included 256 children aged 2 days to 14 years undergoing color Doppler ultrasonography at 2 hours to 3 days after onset of acute scrotum. We analyzed the morphology, internal echo and blood supply of the testis in comparison with the clinical and pathological results.Among the 256 cases, acute testicular torsion was found in 23, of which 16 were treated by complete resection the necrotic testis and the other 7 by surgical reduction of testicular torsion. Ultrasonographically, the involved testes presented different degrees of increase or decrease in volume, with uneven internal echoes, irregular hypoechoic flakes, and testicular hydrocele. Color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) showed significant blood flow signals around the diseased testes but none within them. Acute testicular appendix torsion was found in 116 cases, in which ultrasonography manifested nodules with round or oval abnormal echoes between the upper pole of the testis and caput epididymidis, first hypoechoic and then gradually increased, heterogeneous internally. CDFI revealed enlarged epididymides and enriched testicular blood flow but no blood flow signals in the nodules. The 103 cases of acute epididymitis were ultrasonographically characterized by varied degrees of swelling of the involved epididymis with uneven internal echoes and rich blood flow signals on CDFI. Six of the cases were diagnosed as acute orchitis, with the ultrasonographic features of testicular swelling and low but uniform internal echoes, with rich blood flow signals on CDFI. Incarcerated inguinal hernia was confirmed in 15 cases, in which ultrasonography revealed intrusion of the hernia into the obviously enlarged scrotal sac with the mesentery and intestine in it, and blood flow visible on CDFI. Acute scrotal wall hematoma and edema was found in 8 cases, with the ultrasonographic characteristics of scrotal wall thickening, with visible blood flow signals on CDFI.High-frequency ultrasonography has a high sensitivity and specificity for acute scrotum in children, which can be applied as the first-choice clinical imaging modality and provide reliable evidence for the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of the disease.目的: 分析小儿阴囊急症的高频超声图像特征，探讨高频彩超对小儿阴囊急症的诊断及鉴别诊断价值。方法: 回顾分析我院2014年1月至2016年1月因阴囊急症而行彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）检查的256例患儿( 起病时间2 h至3 d，年龄2 d至14岁) 睾丸的形态、结构、内部回声及血供情况，并与临床手术及病理结果进行对照分析比较。结果: 256例阴囊急症患儿中急性睾丸扭转23例，其中16例患儿行坏死睾丸切除术,有12例行对侧睾丸固定术；7例患儿行扭转睾丸复位，予保留并行睾丸固定术。超声特征：患儿患侧睾丸不同程度增大或缩小，内部回声不均匀，可见不规则片状低回声，可伴有睾丸鞘膜积液。CDFI：患侧睾丸内无明显血流信号，周围血流信号丰富。急性睾丸附件扭转116例，超声特征：睾丸上极上方或睾丸上极与附睾头间类圆形或椭圆形异常回声结节，早期为低回声，后逐渐增高，内部回声不均匀，呈“网格样”。附睾增大，可伴有患侧睾丸增大、阴囊壁增厚。CDFI：增大附睾或睾丸血流丰富，结节内未见血流信号。急性附睾炎103例，超声特征：患儿患侧附睾明显不同程度肿大，内部回声不均匀，CDFI：患侧附睾内血流信号丰富。急性睾丸炎6例，超声特征：患侧睾丸肿大，内部回声呈低回声，回声尚均匀。CDFI:患侧睾丸内部血流丰富。腹股沟嵌顿疝15例，超声特征：可见疝囊突入阴囊，阴囊明显增大，其内可见肠系膜及肠管。CDFI：可见血流信号。急性阴囊壁血肿及水肿8例。超声特征：阴囊壁均匀或不均匀增厚。CDFI；阴囊壁可见血流信号。结论： 高频彩超对小儿阴囊急症具有较高敏感性及特异性，可为临床医生诊断及鉴别诊断提供可靠的诊断依据，是临床首选的影像学检查方法。.

The medical informatics engineering (MIE) course is a specialized core curriculum in medical college of biomedical engineering and computer class. The goal is mainly to teach students the medical information theory, technology and method, and how to apply the principle and method of modern information science and engineering technology to solve the problem in medical, pharma and biological fields. In this paper, the MIE course’s characteristics and the conventional teaching mode are analyzed firstly, and then the new Project- based group study (PBGS) teaching mode is proposed to improve the teaching effect of MIE course. Moreover, the implementation and the teaching quality evaluation system are presented in detail based on the PBGS teaching mode. The teaching effect shows that the exploration and practice in the curriculum teaching reform on the MIE course has a certain enlightening significance to the curriculum education reform.

Cnoidal wave theory is appropriate to periodic wave progressing in water whose depth is less than 1/10 wavelength. However, the cnoidal wave theory has not been widely applied in practical engineering because the formula for wave profile involves Jacobian elliptic function. In this paper, a cnoidal wave-seabed system is modeled and discussed in detail. The seabed is treated as porous medium and characterized by Biot's partly dynamic equations ( u – p model). A simple and useful calculating technique for Jacobian elliptic function is presented. Upon specification of water depth, wave height and wave period, Taylor's expression and precise integration method are used to estimate Jacobian elliptic function and cnoidal wave pressure. Based on the numerical results, the effects of cnoidal wave and seabed characteristics, such as water depth, wave height, wave period, permeability, elastic modulus, and degree of saturation, on the cnoidal wave-induced excess pore pressure and liquefaction phenomenon are studied.

Severe water waves can induce seabed liquefaction and do harm to marine structures. Dynamic response of seabed with definite thickness induced by cnoidal water waves is investigated numerically. Biot’s consolidation equations are employed to model the seabed response. Parametric studies are carried out to examine the influence of the air content in the pore water and the soil hydraulic conductivity. It has been shown that the air content and soil hydraulic conductivity can significantly affect the pore pressure in seabed. An increase of air content and/or a decrease of soil hydraulic conductivity can change the pore pressure gradient sharply.

Based on the actual conditions of the project and related experience, the seepage model of diversion tunnel and its surrounding rock mass was built to analyze its seepage stability. The seepage field was calculated by using finite element method (FEM) and cut-off negative pressure method. Two typical cross-sections and working conditions were chosen to evaluate the seepage stability of the surrounding rock mass. According to the results, the seepage gradient is larger when one tunnel is filled with water while the other is empty. The maximum seepage gradient is less than the allowable seepage gradient, so the surrounding rock mass of the diversion tunnel can meet the demand of seepage stability.

The effect of extraction time, extraction temperature and time on the yield of Huangqi carbohydrate compound (HQCC) was investigated using single factor and orthogonal experiment design. The influence by the parameters on the extraction yields of carbohydrate compound decreased in the order of: C (extraction number) > A (extraction time) > B (extraction temperature) according to the R values. Based on this analysis, and considering the carbohydrate compound extraction efficiency, the cost of energy and the feasibility of experiment, the optimum conditions of extraction were therefore determined as follows: extraction time 120 min, extraction temperature 80 °C, and extraction number 4. Oral administration of HQCC reduced lipid peroxidation level and enhanced antioxidant enzymes activities in gastric mucosa. In addition, HQCC reduced the serum IL-8 and TNF-α levels. In conclusion, these data reveal that HQCC promotes regeneration of damaged gastric mucosa, probably through its antioxidative mechanism.

Photoionization and photodissociation of tetrachloroethylene are investigated using positive and negative photoion mass spectrometry in the photon energy range 8–22 eV. Ionization energy (9.33 ± 0.05 eV) of tetrachloroethylene and appearance energies of fragment ions C2 , C2 , C , C2Cl+ and CCl+ have been determined from the photoionization efficiency (PIE) curves. In addition, the spectral structure assigned as a vibrational progression (v 2) at 13.48 eV is observed in the PIE curve of the parent cation. The preferred dissociation pathways near the threshold energies are proposed according to the present theoretical calculations (W1u) and the relative branch ratio computation. On the other hand, the negative ions 35Cl− and 37Cl− produced in the minor ion-pair dissociation channel are observed within the energy range. The dissociation pathways potentially related to the multi-body ion-pair dissociations are discussed with the help of the thermochemistry data obtained from the PIE spectra.

A concise method for calculating the cnoidal function in cnoidal wave theory is presented. The method is based on the “precise integration method” and an improvement on the data preliminary treatment is employed to ensure the precision. For practical usage, a trigonometric function approximation expression for the cnoidal function is provided with brief verification. When the modulus of the wave is less than 0.95, the maximum error and absolute average error are acceptable for engineering.

The combustion technology of Circulating Fluidized Bed Boilers is a Cleaning and high efficent of Coal Powder Combustion technology. Traditional control methods can hardly get ideal control effect. To Realize datas reading and writing by self_control software throgh DCS, when coal quality, loading altered, realized automatic closed-loop control of combustion process of circulating fluidized bed, to implement primary air flow, secondary air flow and air-induced automatic cordinated control and reached cleaning of coal quality and combustion high efficiency.

We investigated the effects of Fufang Kushen Injection Liquid (FFKSIL) on gastric immunity and oxidant-antioxidant status during N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitroso-guanidine (MNNG)-induced gastric carcinogenesis. The extent of lipid peroxidation and the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of the GSH-dependent enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were used to monitor the peroxidative balance. Enhanced lipid peroxidation in the gastric cancer animals was accompanied by significant decreases in the activities of GSH, GPx, GST and GR. Administration of FFKSIL significantly enhanced serum IgA, IgG, IgM, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-10 levels, decreased serum IL-6 and TNF-α levels, lowered the levels of lipid peroxides and enhanced GSH levels and activities of GSH-dependent enzymes. Our results suggest that FFKSIL blocks experimental gastric carcinogenesis by protecting against carcinogen-induced oxidative damage and improving immunity activity.

Negative ions 35 Cl, 37 Cl, and F are observed in the vacuum ultraviolet photodissociations of dichlorodifluoromethane (CF 2 Cl 2 ) using synchrotron radiation and their ion production efficiency curves are recorded in the photon energy range of 8.00—20.50 eV. Two similar spectra of the isotope anions 35 Cl and 37 Clshow that besides the strong bands related to the electron transitions from valence to Rydberg states converged to vertical ionization states, there are some additional peaks that can be assigned as the energetically accessible multi-body fragmentation processes, on the basis of the high-level G3MP2 calculations performed in this work and the thermochemistry data available in the literatures. The appearance energy of Cl is experimentally determined to be 8.20 ± 0.04 eV, in excellent agreement with the theoretical thermochemical value 8.19 eV. A novel competition between the ion-pair photodissociations to Cl and F anions is found in the photon energy range of 17.30–20.50 eV.

Anionic fragments, F− and Cl− including two isotope species 35Cl− and 37Cl−, are observed in the photoexcitations of CFCl3. The ion-pair anion efficiency spectra of 35Cl− and 37Cl− are recorded in the photon energy range of 7.75–22.00 eV. The threshold of ion-pair dissociation CFCl3→CFCl2++Cl− is experimentally determined to be 7.94±0.04 eV. With the references of the high-resolution photoabsorption spectra reported in the literatures, we make tentative assignments of the electron valence-to-Rydberg transitions. Furthermore, the multibody ion-pair fragmentation processes to Cl− are discussed by comparison between the calculated thermochemical thresholds and the experimental efficiency spectrum.

Zn electrodeposited directly on the surface of AZ31 Mg alloy was researched in this paper. Zinc fluoride which was dissolved in ammonium citrate solution was used as metal ion source. The interface and morphology of Zn coating were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).The results showed that Zn coating was smooth and dense. The experiment of making lattice on Zn coating showed good adhesion. The corrosion resistance of Zn coating was carried out in 5% NaCl solution, and its stabilization time was more than 5hrs. Cyclic voltammetry and polarization curve were used to investigate the transfer behavior and state of zinc ion in electrolyte. It indicated that Zn existed in the forms of three complex states in electroplating solution and ZnL proportion increased with increasing pH value. It was known that complex Zn electrodeposited directly on the cathode.

We reinvestigated dehydration and dehydroxylation of hydrotalcite and four other hydrotalcite-like compounds (HTlcs) with the combined thermogravimetry/differential thermal analysis/mass spectrometry (TG-DTA-MS) technique. The observations indicate that HTlcs undergo dehydration first and then dehydroxylation, followed by or overlapping with decomposition of interlayer anions. The detail deconvolution of MS curves of m/z = 18 reveals that both dehydration and dehydroxylation occurs in two consecutive steps. Dehydration of crystalline water molecules starts on the surface and edge in the first step, and then continues to the interlayer water. Both steps are influenced by the nature of the interlayer anions and layer cations. For the first time, we have assigned two dehydroxylation steps to two types of hydroxyl groups in the HT lattice, i.e. OH−(M(II)3) and OH−(M(II)2M(III)). The thermal stability of these two hydroxyl groups is principally determined by the nature of the cations. According to this researc...

We describe two cases of primary gastric plasmacytoma (GP) associated with Helicobacter pylori infection. Case 1 was that of a 58-year-old man with epigastric pain. H. pylori was eradicated before surgical resection was performed, and after the therapy, the tumor size was reduced. A postoperative pathological examination revealed that the tumor was in early stage and histological grade was grade 1. After 44 months of operation, the patient was in complete remission with no evidence of local relapse or progression to systemic MM. Case 2 was that of a 70-year-old woman with a history of melena. H. pylori eradication was not presented preoperatively. The resected specimen showed the tumor was in advanced stage and histological grade 3. GP eventually progressed to MM and she died of pulmonary infection. In our opinion, GP cannot be eradicated with H. pylori eradication, but disease progression can be effectively controlled to a certain extent. The prognosis of this disease is relatively fair when treated at an early stage. In addition to the treatment, the difference in prognosis could be associated with age, the stage of the tumor, and histological grade.

A kind of test-bed was designed to study the cutting performance of vine straw materials and to solve some problems, such as optimization of parameters of processing machine. There are three sections including mechanical system, measurement and control hardware system and software system in the test-bed. The mechanical system comprises cutting mechanism, conveying mechanism and frame. 3 kinds of cutting modes and 2 types of the knife are design in the cutting mechanism. The graphical programming language LabVIEW is used to complete functions of data acquisition and processing. The test system has the advantages of simple structure and easy operation. It is showed that some experiments to test the cutting performance of vine straw materials can be done, and the theory of vine straw crush can also be researched on the test-bed with the high reliability and the accuracy.

In order to improve the accuracy and the stability of screw discontinuous dosing, the study on the discontinuous dosing performance of screw feeder with different feeding structures was carried out. Firstly, the concept of screw discontinuous dosing was put forward, and the primary influencing factors of discontinuous dosing accuracy and stability was analyzed theoretically. Considering the existing powder particles gravity flow and instable motion at the screw feeder opening, the Sub-feeding device constituted by six baffles was designed and fixed before the opening of the screw trough. Mechanical analysis about effect of feeding structure on the particles and the estimation formula of feeding quantity were presented. Secondly, the screw feeder with a blade diameter of 38mm, and an axis diameter of 13mm was studied in this paper, the impact of the different discharging structure on the discontinuous feeding performance was analyzed by using the discrete element method, and appropriate structure parameters of feeding device structure was designed. Finally, a prototype was made, and a series of experiments of screw discontinuous feeding were conducted. From the study on the screw feeder, it was found that adding thin baffle within the screw feeder was effective in improving the stability and the accuracy of feeding.

The ion-pair anion efficiency spectrum of Cl − produced in photoexcitations of benzyl chloride is recorded and tentatively assigned as the transitions from the inner-valence molecular orbitals to Rydberg orbitals. Two series transitions 16a′, 6a″ → np ( n = 6, 7, 8, 9, …) are proposed to couple strongly with the ion-pair dissociations in the photon energy range of ca. 14.5–16.0 eV.

The Zhangkeng Reservoir is an earth dam with height of 26m, which has been reinforced for several times during the running period of about 50 years. Based on the field safety check and analysis of seepage observation data, the seepage field of the dam is inversed under the running water level by the finite element method (FEM), and the comprehensive seepage parameter of the dam material is obtained. By use of the finite element model adjusted by back analysis, the seepage fields under the normal water level, design flood water level and check flood water level are obtained by the steady seepage theory, and the distribution of piezometric head and penetration gradient of dam and its foundation are analyzed. It is shown that the maximum penetration gradient of dam body and its foundation are larger than their allowable penetration gradient. It is suggested that the anti-seepage system of the dam be reinforced for improving the seepage behavior of the dam.

Photolysis dynamics of monochlorothiophenes (2- and 3-chlorothiophenes) is investigated using positive and negative photoion mass spectrometry combined with the synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet radiation. A dozen of the daughter cations are observed in the time-of-flight mass spectra, and their appearance energies are determined by the photoion efficiency spectroscopy measurements. At the energetic threshold, the concerted process rather than a stepwise reaction for C(4)H(3)SCl(+) → C(2)HSCl(+) + C(2)H(2) and the ring-open isomers of the dehydrogenated thiophene cations (C(4)H(3)S(+) and C(4)H(2)S(+)) formed in C(4)H(3)SCl(+) → C(4)H(3)S(+) + Cl and C(4)H(2)S(+) + HCl are proposed on the basis of the B3LYP/6-311+G(3df,3pd) calculations. The chlorine anion (Cl(-)) is observed as the product of the photoion-pair dissociations in the energy range of 10.70-22.00 eV. A set of valence-to-Rydberg state transitions 12a' → np (n = 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, etc.) and several series of vibrational excitations are tentatively assigned in the Cl(-) spectrum of 2-chlorothiophene in the lower energy range of 10.90-12.00 eV.