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The purpose of this study was to report the distribution of mean ocular perfusion pressure (MOPP) and its associated factors in Chinese children.We enrolled 3048 grade 1 students and 2258 grade 7 students of the Anyang Childhood Eye Study in central China. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure (SBP and DBP) were recorded with a digital automatic sphygmomanometer. Intraocular pressure (IOP) was assessed by a non-contact tonometer. MOPP was calculated as 2/3 × (DBP + 1/3[SBP - DBP]) - IOP. Risk factors for myopia were obtained through a questionnaire survey.The MOPP was 33.83 ± 6.37 mm Hg (mean ± SD) in grade 1, which was lower than 36.99 ± 6.80 mm Hg in grade 7 (P0.001). Compared with myopic eyes, non-myopic eyes had higher MOPP in grade 7 (37.72 ± 6.72 mm Hg versus 36.58 ± 6.57 mm Hg, P0.001) and in grade 1 (33.88 ± 6.29 mm Hg versus 33.12 ± 7.03 mm Hg, P = 0.12). Multivariable analysis showed that higher MOPP was associated with less myopia (P0.001), higher body mass index (BMI; P0.001), thinner central corneal thickness (P0.001), less time on near work (P0.001), and more time on sleeping (P = 0.04).MOPP was higher in children of older age, with higher BMI, less time on near work, and more time on sleeping, and was higher in eyes with less myopia.We found that MOPP might be an indicator for the detection of myopia development.

// Dongling Teng 1, 2, * , Keyan Wu 1, 2, * , Yunyun Sun 1, 2, * , Min Zhang 1, 2 , Dan Wang 1, 2 , Jian Wu 1, 2 , Tao Yin 2 , Weijuan Gong 1, 2 , Yanbing Ding 1, 2 , Weiming Xiao 1, 2 , Guotao Lu 1, 2 and Weiqin Li 3 1 Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China 2 Laboratory of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225000, Jiangsu, China 3 Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU), Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210002, Jiangsu, China * These authors contributed equally to this work Correspondence to: Guotao Lu, email: Gtlu@yzu.edu.cn Weiming Xiao, email: wmxiao@yzu.edu.cn Keywords: acute pancreatitis; CA199; pancreatic cancer; retrospective study Received: October 13, 2017 Accepted: November 13, 2017 Published: January 04, 2018 ABSTRACT Background and study aims: Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA199) has been identified as a tumor marker for pancreatic cancer but also increases in benign lesions of the digestive system. However, literature associated with the relationship between CA199 and acute pancreatitis (AP) is limited. This study aimed to focus on serum CA199 level measurements in AP patients and the associated clinical significance. Materials and methods: From January 2006 to December 2015, 1,609 consecutive patients with AP were admitted to our department and included in the study. The relationships among the etiology of AP, the disease severity, the incidence of pancreatic cancer during hospitalization and CA199 levels were analyzed. Results: Serum CA199 levels were measured for 693 of 1,609 AP patients. Of those patients, 186 (26.8%) had elevated CA199 levels (> 37 U/ml). Patients with high CA199 levels were older and had predominantly biliary causes in comparison with patients with normal CA199 levels. There were no definite specific correlations between CA199 levels and disease severity in AP. In addition, serum levels of CA199 positively correlated with serum alanine aminotransferase, aspartate transaminase, glutamyl transpeptidase, alkaline phosphatase and creatinine levels. After stratification, the incidence of pancreatic cancer increased proportionally to CA199 levels in AP patients. Conclusions: Serum CA199 levels was elevated in patients with AP, especially in patients with biliary pancreatitis. AP patients with significantly increased CA199 levels may have a higher risk for the presence of pancreatic cancer. We recommended routinely monitoring CA199 levels during hospitalization for AP patients.

Background There are few studies reporting the association between stature and ocular biometry as well as cycloplegic refraction in young adults. Our study determined the relationship between stature and ocular biometry as well as cycloplegic refraction in Chinese young adults. Methods This was a school-based study including university students in Anyang, Henan Province, China. Cycloplegic refraction and corneal curvature (CR) were measured using an autorefractor. Ocular biometric parameters, including axial length (AL), anterior chamber depth (ACD), and lens thickness (LT), were measured using a Lenstar LS900. Height and weight were acquired from an annual standardized physical examination, and body mass index (BMI) was calculated from these measurements. Results A total of 5657 (71.0%) subjects were available for analysis. After adjusting for age, gender, parental myopia, time outdoors, near work and weight, a 1 cm taller person could be expected to have more negative refraction as -0.023D, a 0.032 mm increase in AL, a 0.003 mm increase in ACD, a 0.008 mm increase in CR, and a 0.001 increase in axial length-corneal radius (AL/CR) ratio. With regard to weight, a 1 kg heavier person was more likely to have less negative refraction as 0.011 D, deeper ACD by 0.001mm and flatter cornea by 0.002mm. A similar pattern of significant associations was also found in BMI. Conclusions Compared to those of less height, young adults of greater height tended to have longer eyes, deeper anterior chambers, flatter corneas, higher AL/CR ratio, and more negative refraction after controlling for potential confounders. In contrast, heavier and higher BMI persons were more hyperopic. The differences in stature may partially explain the variation in refraction and ocular biometric parameters.

Dry strength additives play an important roll in papermaking process. In this work, we aimed at analyzing the performance of poly vinyl alcohols (PVA) and PVA & cationic starch (CS), as dry strength additives, on the properties of high-yield pulp (HYP). Various dosages of PVA were applied on HYP under various conditions and the corresponding pulp properties were evaluated. It was observed that PVA increased the strength properties of the HYP significantly, and the enhanced strength properties can be kept even after refining, which gave a promising application of this method in conventional pulping process. The best conditions of PVA for dosage, pH, pulp consistency and time was 20 mg/g, 6.0, 3% and 10 min, respectively. The application of CS, combined with PVA, can further improve the final physical strength properties of HYP. The results obtained from using PVA & CS were more effective than those obtained from using only PVA.

The layer-by-layer deposition technique was adopted in this paper to improve the physical strength properties of alkaline peroxide mechanical pulp (APMP). The cationic starch (CS), anionic polyacryamide (APAM) and cationic polyacryamide (CPAM) were chosen and used to build-up polyelectrolyte multilayers on surface of APMP fibers. The improvements of physical strength of pulp through adsorption of different polyelectrolyte onto fibers were discussed and compared. The results showed that when the APMP fibers were treated with CPAM, the breaking length and burst index were 53% and 83% respectively, higher than that of untreated pulp. The optimal treatment conditions are 60 mgCPAM/g pulp, 1.5% pulp concentration and 9min treatment time. The pulp deposited by CPAM-APAM polyelectrolyte multilayer gave a highest physical strength compared with pulp with other multilayer deposition such as CS-APAM. At the whole beating degree range investigated in this paper, the CPAM-APAM deposition on fiber surface can improve the physical strength properties significantly, especially when the beating degree is at 40oSR. In addition, the improvement of physical strength can be remained even after pulp refining.

To report the thickness of the peripapillary retinal nerve fibre layer (pRNFL) in Chinese children and examine its association with refractive error, axial length (AL) and optic disc parameters.Population-based cross-sectional study.A total of 2893 seven-year-old children from 11 randomly selected primary schools in Anyang, central China.Participants underwent ophthalmic examinations including optical biometry, cycloplegic autorefraction and spectral-domain ocular coherence tomography.Retinal nerve fibre layer thickness in 16 radial sections, cycloplegic spherical equivalent, AL.The mean (SD) average RNFL thickness was 102.01(8.02) µm. The average RNFL thickness decreased with smaller disc area (r = 0.18, RRetinal nerve fibre layer thickness decreased with increasing AL, higher myopia, bigger cup area, smaller disc and rim area, and a smaller nerve head volume, but the coefficient of determination for all these associations was small. The RNFL in myopes was significantly thinner than emmetropes or hyperopes, but with small absolute differences. The study provides RNFL values for healthy 7-year-old Chinese children. Follow up of this cohort to observe the change of RNFL thickness with myopia and possible change in detected associations with age is planned.

Interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) based on blocked polyurethane (BPU)/phenolic (PF) were prepared using simultaneous polymerization method. The IPN was prepared from BPU prepolymer with m-xylylenediamine as the chain extender and PF prepolymer using p-toluene sulfonic acid as a catalyst. From Fourier transform infrared spectra analysis, it was found that the major reactions in the BPU/PF IPN system are the polymerization of BPU/MXDA and the self-polymerization of PF. It was confirmed from scanning electron micrography that the BPU/PF IPN compatibility of the networks was improved, and the system was heterogeneous and more than one phase existed in the IPN. The tensile properties, flexural properties, impact, and hardness of the prepared IPN were studied. To obtain the best mechanical properties of IPN materials, the filler added in IPN materials has to be investigated. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2011. © 2010 Society of Plastics Engineers

The mechanical properties of blocked polyurethane(PU)/epoxy interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) were studied by means of their static and damping properties. The studies of static mechanical properties of IPNs are based on tensile properties, flexural properties, hardness, and impact method. Results show that the tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus, flexural modulus, and hardness of IPNs decreased with increase in blocked PU content. The impact strength of IPNs increased with increase in blocked PU content. It shows that the tensile strength, flexural strength, tensile modulus, and flexural modulus of IPNs increased with filler (CaCO3) content to a maximum value at 5, 10, 20, and 25 phr, respectively, and then decreased. The higher the filler content, the greater the hardness of IPNs and the lower the notched Izod impact strength of IPNs. The glass transition temperatures (Tg) of IPNs were shifted inwardly compared with those of blocked PU and epoxy, which indicated that the blocked PU/epoxy IPNs showed excellent compatibility. Meanwhile, the Tg was shifted to a higher temperature with increasing filler (CaCO3) content. The dynamic storage modulus (E′) of IPNs increased with increase in epoxy and filler content. The higher the blocked PU content, the greater the swelling ratio of IPNs and the lower the density of IPNs. The higher the filler (CaCO3) content, the greater the density of IPNs, and the lower the swelling ratio of IPNs. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 101: 1826–1832, 2006

This work presents a process developed to manufacture glass fiber-reinforced vinyl ester (VE)/nano-Al2O3 matrix composites by pultrusion method. The matrix prepolymer for pultrusion in this study was prepared from blends of VE, initiator (t-butyl perbenzoate), and nano-Al2O3. The process feasibility and kinetic analysis of the unidirectional glass fiber-reinforced VE/nano-Al2O3 matrix composites by pultrusion have been investigated. From the investigations of the long pot life of VE/nano-Al2O3 matrix, the high reactivity of VE/nano-Al2O3 matrix, and excellent fiber wet-out of VE/nano-Al2O3 matrix and glass fiber, it was found that the VE/nano-Al2O3 matrix showed excellent process feasibility for pultrusion. A kinetic autocatalytic model, dα/dt = A exp(−E/RT)αm(1 − α)n, was proposed to describe the curing behavior of glass fiber-reinforced VE/nano-Al2O3 matrix composites. Kinetic parameters for the model were obtained from dynamic differential scanning calorimetry scans using a multiple regression technique. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012

To understand the status of coxsackievirus B (CVB) infection in senior subjects and explore the association of the infection with cardiovascular diseases.By means of ELISA and RT-PCR, CVB IgG antibody and nucleic acid were detected in 172 patients with cardiopathy and 58 control subjects.The positivity rate of CVB IgG antibody was 43.61% (75/172) in the patient group and 15.52% (9/58) in the control group, showing obvious difference between the two groups. CVB RNA tests revealed a CVB RNA-positivity rate of 20.93% (36/172) in the former group and 3.45% (2/58) in the latter, with also a significant difference (P0.01).CVB infection is prevalent in aged patients with heart disease, which should be given due attention to.

To understand the state of Chlamydia pneumoniae (Cpn) infection in patients with coronary heart disease (CHD), and explore the relationship between Cpn infection and the gonesis and progressin of CHD.By adopting sandwich method with double antibodies and indirect ELISA method, we detected serum Cpn immune complex and IgG antibody in 160 CHD patients (confirmed by coronary artery angiography) and 40 subjects without CHD.The positivity rate of Cpn IgG type immune complex in the CHD group (63.8%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (40.0%, P0.05), similar to the results of Cpn IgG antibody detection (65.0% vs 32.5%, P0.05).Cpn infection is closely connected with the CHD, but their exact relationship needs further exploration and study.

Background Pseudoachalasia is a rare disorder whose presentation strongly resembles idiopathic achalasia. Case presentation Here, we present a case of a 42-year-old female patient with esophageal leiomyoma who was initially diagnosed with achalasia. On endoscopical investigation, however, it became apparent that she had pseudoachalasia as consequence of a leiomyoma at the esophagogastric junction (EGJ). The condition was successfully treated through submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection. Conclusion This case suggests that submucosal tunneling endoscopic resection is a therapeutic u option for the treatment of pseudoachalasia caused by leiomyoma of EGJ.