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Social media is currently an alternative medium in conveying messages in the form of news and can be used as a tool to exchange news from different places. Many people use social media to express opinions, express feelings, as well as experiences and things that can be of concern. In this study, the data processing used was the K-Nearest Neighbor Algorithm with the classification method as a media for comparing the functions of the two bots, namely the WhatsApp and Telegram bots. Using SPSS (Statistical Product and Serive Solutions) and Rapidminer as a place to perform calculations and analysis. Based on the results of testing data mining with Rapid Miner, the calculation results are obtained which will be used as information to support user satisfaction in using Social Media Bots. User satisfaction is found in WhatsApp Bot users 72.22% and Telegram Bot users 28.57%. Calculations are carried out with a data mining process obtained from the K-Nearest Neighbor algorithm to make it easier to find Bot user satisfaction on both WhatsApp and Telegram social media. The WhatsApp bot is the best choice and has several useful functions as a digital communication media tool on the Internet of Things.

Pliek-u is a specialty food product in Aceh with local wisdom values that should be preserved. The Program of Community Service Based Product (PKMBP) aimed to improve the pliek-u agro-industry by adapting simple processing technologies so that it could lighten work, produce quality products, and attract the interest of the younger generation as pliek-u entrepreneurs in future. The method applied consist of surveys, preparation of tools and materials, assembly of a solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim Aceh and a hydraulic press, training and dissemination of technology through field schools, and evaluation of the program with pre-tests and post-tests. Data analysis was carried out using the Wilcoxon rank test with alpha of 5%. The results of the program were the construction of 1 unit of Hohenheim Aceh tunnel dryer, 1 unit of hydraulic press, and the implementation of training and dissemination activities which have been published in the form of videos on YouTube media and press releases through online media. The results of the Wilcoxon rank test also showed that of the 13 participants whose data were valid, 100% of participants received positive rankings and the pre-test scores were significantly different from the post-test scores. Thus, it can be concluded that the program carried out has contributed to increasing the knowledge, expertise capacity, and interest of participants in pliek-u processing technologies since the profile of conventional agroindustry can be transformed to be better agroindustry by the use of solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim Aceh and hydraulic press. In addition, the use of technologies will ensure the halal requirement of pliek-u.

Latar Belakang: Penyebab langsung masalah balita stunting adalah asupan gizi, salah satunya karena bayi mendapat ASI tidak eksklusif sampai 6 bulan. Tujuan: Tujuan penelitian untuk mengukur besarnya efek pemberian ASI eksklusif terhadap pencegahan stunting melalui pendekatan meta-analisis. Metode: Penerapan metode meta-analisis dimulai dengan pencarian artikel penelitian dari berbagai database seperti Google Scholar, Science Direct, dan PubMed. Kata kunci yang digunaakan sesuai dengan Medical Subject Heading (MESH), yaitu "ASI eksklusif", "stunting", "bayi", "Menyusui eksklusif", "gangguan pertumbuhan linier", dan "balita stunting". Kriteria artikel adalah publikasi tahun 2013 hingga 2021, dapat didownload full text, desain penelitian cross-sectional atau case-control, tersedia data effect size dalam bentuk Odds Ratio (OR). Proses pengumpulan artikel disajikan dalam diagram PRISMA. Data dianalisis menggunakan aplikasi Review Manager 5.4.1 dengan menerapkan model random effect. Penyajian hasil dalam bentuk forest plot dan funnel plot. Diskusi: Artikel penelitian yang layak dianalisis sebanyak 26 artikel, terdiri dari 9 dari jurnal internasional dan 17 dari jurnal nasional. Hasil uji Heterogeneity menunjukkan p-value=0,00001 dan nilai I2 = 85%. Hasil analisis dengan model random effect diperoleh forest plot yang menunjukkan odd ratio gabungan (pooled odd ratio) sebesar 2,90 (95% CI: 2,07-4,08), artinya bayi yang tidak mendapat ASI eksklusif berisiko 2,9 kali lebih tinggi untuk mengalami stunting dibandingkan dengan bayi yang mendapat ASI eksklusif. Temuan ini menunjukkan adanya pengaruh signifikan dari pemberian ASI tidak eksklusif terhadap kejadian stunting (p-value 0,0001 < 0,05). Kesimpulan: Pemberian ASI eksklusif efektif dapat mencegah balita mengalami stunting.

The 4.0 industrial revolution demands changes in all fields, including education. Every educational institution is required to produce graduates with good digital competencies and be able to observe digital phenomena in their surroundings, help combat cyberbullying, fight hoaxes, and create educational content. This research aims to prove the relevance between the core curriculum topics and the competency demands required in the workplace. This research uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The survey was conducted on users and alumni of Tadris IPS (Social Studies Education) spread across the regions of Cirebon, Indramayu, Majalengka, and Kuningan. The research results show that: 1) The Tadris IPS Curriculum, which is based on the KKNI (National Higher Education Curriculum Framework) curriculum, is still relevant to be implemented, but it still has weaknesses in accommodating 21st-century skills. 2) The graduate competencies needed in the digital era are graduates who have good digital literacy and are able to collaborate with students regarding the use of digital media and master the security and ethics of using digital media. 3) The relevance of the Tadris IPS curriculum to the demands of the workplace is considered to have high relevance. This is evidenced by the survey results which show an average of 65% of courses in the Tadris IPS department are "very relevant" to the competency demands of the workplace.

This study examined the evolution of research on Arabic language competency, including which nations have made substantial contributions, what topics come up regularly, and what research subjects are available to those interested in the discipline. This research is a bibliometric analysis on academic papers dealing with Arabic speaking skills. The total of 155 articles are collected from the Scopus website, then uploaded to the biblioshiny application using R-studio Cloud. All information is extracted to CSV format for data analysis and then entered the VOS viewer. The results show that (1) due to historical reasons and proximity to the Arabic language, Israel is the country with the largest number of authors on "Arabic speaking proficiency", followed by Egypt; (2) the keywords that often appear in articles on Arabic speaking proficiency are "phonological awareness", "diglossia", and "literacy"; (3) in general, the trend of the quantity of publications on the themes studied is increasing from year to year, indicating the growing interest of academics on the topic being discussed; (4) based on theme mapping, the dominant linguistic-related keywords in relation to the issue are also very open to being associated with other aspects such as SES (socioeconomic status), dyslexia, diglossia, and bilingualism.

The current research involved the synthesis of hydroxyapatite powders using Faunus ater shell (FaS), which is a snail found in brackish water, as a source of calcium. Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is produced through the hydrothermal synthesis of FaS, employing calcination temperatures at 900 °C (HAp900) and 1000 °C (HAp1000). The samples underwent analysis through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) to determine the phases present. Additionally, quantitative chemical analysis of the synthesized and heat-treated powders was conducted using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) spectroscopy. XRD analysis determined that HAp900 and HAp1000 exhibited amorphous structures, with the additional presence of Tetracalcium Phosphate (TTCP) phase detected in HAp 900. Furthermore, XRF analysis was conducted on both samples, revealing molar ratios of Ca/P as 2.56 and 1.67 for HAp900 and HAp1000 respectively. The FTIR spectrum revealed that the synthesized HAp contains phosphate, carbonate, and hydroxyl groups.

Drying cacao has been conducted by open-sun drying systems by farmers worldwide. To improve the cacao drying, the use of solar dryers can be applied. The objective of this study was to evaluate the drying characteristics of using a modified solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim in drying cacao. As a comparison, the sun-drying method was also conducted. The parameters observed were temperature, relative humidity (RH), weight loss, moisture content, fat content, hardness, and drying rate. Results showed that the average temperature of the Hohenheim dryer was higher at about 10°C than the ambient temperature. However, the Hohenheim dryer's drying temperature fluctuated due to the oscillation of solar irradiation. The drying process took time for 12h in 2 days. The humidity in the drying chamber was high, above 50%, representing that the dryer needed additional fans to improve its air circulation. The final moisture content of cacao dried using Hohenheim dryer and sun-drying was 12.7 and 17.4%, respectively. The drying rate of cacao dried using a Hohenheim dryer was double that of sun-drying. Therefore, the dryer can speed up the drying time and protect the cacao from contamination.

The study aimed to evaluate the influence of blanching methods to the quality of oyster mushroom flour. The treatments were non-blanching, hot water blanching and steam blanching at 3 replications. The amount of mushroom used for each treatment was about 500g. The mushroom was cut into cube shape sizing approximately 1cm. The drying process was conducted by using solar tunnel dryer type Hohenheim Aceh. The temperature and relative humidity were recorded by using proportional integral derivative (PID) controller connected to the outlet fans. The moisture was analyzed by using a moisture analyzer XY105MW, while color was examined by using a colorimeter LS171. The protein content of mushroom flour was determined by Kjeldahl method, and the ash content was identified by dry ashing method at temperature of 400-550°C. Data were analyzed by using analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results showed that the blanching method could cut the drying time approximately for 3h. The ANOVA had shown a significant influence of blanching methods to the moisture, yield, ash content and whitness index (WI). However, there is no significant influence of treatments to the protein content. This study suggests the hot water blanching in processing the oyster mushroom flour because it produced the best performance of oyster mushroom flour i.e moisture of 5.78%, yield of 6.26%, protein content of 19.32%, ash content of 4.99% and whitness index of 63.88. Further study is necessary to determine the best combination of temperature and drying time in order to increase the yield.

Meningoencephalitis is a pathological state characterized by concurrent inflammation of the meninges and the brain parenchyma. Liquor Cerebrospinal analysis (LCS) can help establish a diagnosis of diseases affecting the central nervous system, including meningoencephalitis. Objective: To identified the attributes of meningoencephalitis LCS analysis in pediatric patients at RSUD Abdoel Wahab Sjahranie Samarinda from 2019 until 2022. Methods: This study employs a descriptive research design to delineate the features of the LCS analysis. The data utilized in this study was acquired from the medical records of individuals who had experienced meningoencephalitis during their childhood and obtained as many as 39 patient data samples. Results: The findings revealed that most cases were observed in children aged 0-1 years (38.5%), with a higher incidence in males (59.0%). The LCS analysis parameters indicated that lymphocytic pleocytosis was the most common (76.9%), while clear LCS was observed in 82.1%. The leukocyte count was within the normal range of 56.4%, and the polymorphonuclear ratio was negative (79.5%). The protein levels increased by 56.4%, while the glucose levels were within the normal range (59.0%). Conclusion: There is an increase in LCS protein levels, which indicates inflammation. Keywords: LCS analysis, LCS parameters, meningoencephalitis

ABSTRACT Conditional release arrangements for perpetrators of corruption in Indonesia are in Law No. 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections, from the perspective of Islamic criminal law. The criminal act of corruption in Indonesia is an extraordinary crime, which must also be dealt with in an extraordinary manner. However, the existence of this law provides legal relief in the form of parole without exception for all criminal acts. So that there were pros and cons among the people when this law was enacted. In this paper, two formulations of the problem will be discussed, namely: First, how to regulate parole for perpetrators of corruption in Indonesia in Law No. 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections. Second, what is the perspective of Islamic criminal law regarding the conditions for parole for perpetrators of corruption in Indonesia. The method used in this research is library research. This research is a collection of data, information, or information obtained from the results of data collection. In the form of library data such as books, articles, notes, journals, laws and so on. Then, it is analyzed so that conclusions are drawn from the results of the study. Conditional release for perpetrators of corruption in Law No. 22 of 2022 concerning Corrections. It has been set and implemented according to the applicable regulations. However, the criminal act of corruption must be prosecuted as an extraordinary crime, because from the side of justice it is contrary to legal justice, legal certainty, and the usefulness of law. Sanctions for perpetrators of corruption are a typical form of crime whose scope can range from the simple to the heaviest levels and have massive consequences, so takzir laws can be applied such as putting corruptors on the list of disgraceful persons, dismissing them from their positions, alienating them from the public, confiscating assets twice as much. from the proceeds of corruption crimes, even the death penalty according to the level of corruption crimes committed and the negative consequences that arise. takzir concept related to parole in Islamic law. Takzir punishment is an educational punishment for sinful acts (immorality) whose punishment has not been determined by syara'. The simple meaning of the takzir punishment is a punishment that has not been determined by syara' but is left to the government both for its determination and its implementation. Keywords: Islamic Criminal Law, Waste, Enforcement, Environmental Pollution, Crime.

Ammonia is commonly synthesized through the Haber-Bosch process, which produces large amounts of CO2 emissions as it is carried out at extreme temperatures and pressures. An alternative technology is needed to synthesize ammonia which consumes less energy and is environmentally friendly. In this research, a Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell Photoelectrochemical tandem system (DSSC-PEC) was developed for the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) into ammonia. PEC cells utilized BiVO4/TiO2 Nanotube (BiVO4/TiO2NT) as a photoanode for water oxidation. BiVO4/TiO2NT was synthesized by the successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) with the cycles variation of 10, 15, and 20 cycles. The optimization method for 20 cycles (20s) gave the highest photocurrent of 0.352 mA/cm2. As a cathode where the nitrogen reduction reaction to ammonia takes place, Ti3+/TiO2NT was used. DSSC based on TiO2NT/N719 with an efficiency of 1.13% was used as an energy booster in the reaction. Using this system with an electrodes area of 3 cm2, under visible light irradiation on photoanode and DSSC while dark at the cathode, the rate of ammonia production, analyzed using the phenate method was 0.022 µmol.h−1.cm−2 with solar to chemical conversion (SCC) efficiency of 0.003%.

This community service aimed to educate the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) about management of production technologies in obtaining halal certification. The partners of this program were UKM Meugah Pliek and UKM Wina Mandiri as pliek-u and asam sunti processors in Aceh Besar Regency. The production steps of the products that need technology are drying and pressing process. This program had been conducted through survey, preparation, and education. Results of this program were 2 hours training on production technology management to support halal products, 1 unit Hohenheim Aceh solar tunnel dryer, 1 unit hydraulic press, 4 units digital balance at capacity of 40kg and 1000pc of thin wall plastic containers. The technologies adapted were believed to support the production process in order to warrant the halal products. The results of the program were also published on online media to transfer knowledge and motivation to wider community. The participants showed high enthusiasm to the program as it can increase not only their knowledge but also provide technologies and tools to be used in supporting halal production.

In this work, we propose the use of a low-cost PV monitoring system for providing accurate and comprehensive data required in the development of efficient and reliable solar PV plants. The system is developed based on an open-source Arduino platform with the capability to monitor solar irradiance, and electric outputs and temperature of multiple solar panels, which should enable the accurate assessment of solar energy resource, as well as electrical energy produced by PV plant under real operating conditions. To demonstrate its applicability, the system has been installed at the campus of Politeknik Negeri Pontianak in Pontianak City, and the data collected by the system is used to assess solar energy resource at the location. Data collected by the system from August 2020 to September 2021 shows that the values of solar irradiation are in the range of 2.9–4.1 kWh/m2 per day, and electric energy produced by commercial solar panels are in the range of 0.30–0.46 kWh/m2 per day, correspond to the monthly averaged efficiencies of 8–13%. The values of solar irradiation are 15–40 % lower than those obtained from the space-averaged satellite data which are in the range of 4.1–5.8 kWh/m2 per day. This shows the significant effects of local conditions, and confirms the advantage of assessment using the low-cost monitoring system that directly accounts for the effects of local conditions without the need of simulation using complex model and sophisticated software that required in the assessment using satellite-derived data.

ABSTRAK Perkembangan revolusi digital 4.0 memberi tantangan dan peluang dalam berbagai bidang termasuk dalam bidang Pendidikan. Sebagai ujung tombak pengelola pendidkan guru diharuskan mampu beradaptasi dan memanfaatkan perkembangan teknologi. Kompetensi guru pun harus disesuaikan dengan kebutuhan pembelajaran di era digital. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kompetensi guru yang diperlukan di era 4.0 dalam membentuk warganegara yang baik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan ialah metode deskriptif-kualitatif dengan pendekatan studi Pustaka. Sumber data diproleh dari hasil analisis dan simpulan yang diperoleh dari jurnal. Hasil analisis dari penelitian ini adalah di era revolusi 4.0, guru harus memiliki kompetensi digital yang baik. Kompetensi yang dimaksud berhubungan dengan kecakapan atau keterampilan dalam menggunakan perangkat digital yaitu penguasaan internet (berbasis web course) storage digital, cloud dan lain lain. Selain itu, guru juga harus memiliki kemampuan membuat konten pembelajaran yang dapat menciptakan pembelajaran yang interaktif. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah keterampilan guru di era 4.0 menekankan pada kompetensi pedagogic, professional, social dan kepribadian yang mampu mendorong strategi pembelajaran yang terpusat pada siswa, mendorong pembelajaran kreatif, mandiri dan lebih siap dalam persaingan global. ABSTRACT The development of the digital revolution 4.0 presents challenges and opportunities in various areas including education. As the spearhead of education management, teachers are required to be able to adapt and take advantage of technological developments. Teacher competence must also be customized to the learning needs of the digital age. The purpose of this research is to know the teacher competence required in 4.0 to form good citizens. The research method used was a qualitative approach with a library study. Data sources are derived from the analysis and conclusions drawn from the journals. The analysis of this research is that in the revolutionary 4.0 era, teachers must have good digital competence. Competence refers to proficiency or skill in using the digital device that is internet mastery (based web course) digital storage, cloud and others. In addition, teachers must also have the ability to create learning content that can create interactive learning. The conclusion of this study is teacher skills in the 4.0 era emphasizing pedagogic, professional, social and personality competencies capable of encouraging students centered learning strategies, encouraging creative learning, self-reliant and better prepared in global competition.

Pengklasifikasian data obat pada sebuah instansi yang bergerak pada bidang Kesehatan merupakan hal yang sangat penting. Kegiatan tersebut tidak lepas dari pengawasan serta monitoring setiap harinya karena pengolahan data obat termasuk inti dalam berjalannya roda bisnis pada suatu instansi atau perusahaan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk membahas pentingnya pengolahan data dalam suatu instansi atau perusahaan yaitu pada Puskesmas Kecamatan Sawah Besar. Saat ini permasalahan yang terjadi adalah tidak adanya suatu metode dalam pengkasifikasian data obat. Obat obatan belum dikelompokkan sesuai dengan karakteristiknya sehingga menjadi kendala saat pencarian data serta saat pengecekan stok. Dengan masalah diatas dibutuhkan suatu metode. Salah satu dengan menggunakan metode algoritma K-means. K-means clustering merupakan salah satu metode cluster analysis non hirarki yang berusaha untuk mempartisi objek yang ada kedalam satu atau lebih cluster berdasarkan karakteristiknya data-data obat ini diklasfikasikan menjadi 4 kategori yaitu obat bebas, obat bebas terbatas, obat keras, dan narkotika psikotropika. Hasil penelitian yang sudah dilakukan bahwa dengan menggunakan algoritma K-Means pihak Puskesmas Kecamatan Sawah Besar dapat menggelompokkan data obat yang tingkat pemakaiannya tinggi, sedang hingga terendah berdasarkan volume pemakaian dan pemasukan. Data yang diambil dari Puskesmas Kecamatan Sawah Besar merupakan data stok obat pada bulan Desember 2021. Perhitungan manual mendapatkan akurasi yaitu 66,23% untuk cluster 1, 7,69% untuk cluster 2, dan 23,07% untuk cluster 3 pada data obat bebas terbatas.

Dalam artikel atau tulisan ini bertujuan untuk melihat perbedaan self-regulated learning pada siswa kelas takhassus dan kelas reguler di SMA. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu metode kuantitatif. Sample dalam penelitian ini adalah siswa kelas XI takhassus dengan siswa kelas XI reguler dengan teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan quota sampling. Alat ukur yang digunakan adalah instrument self-regulated learning, yang terdiri dari 24 aitem (α = 0,855). Analisis data menggunakan analisis t-test. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data, diperoleh bahwa hipotesis yang diajukan dalam penelitian ini diterima, yaitu adanya perbedaan self-regulated learning antara siswa kelas takhassus dengan kelas reguler. Dibuktikan dengan nilai atau koefisien perbedaan sebesar 14,146 dengan signifikansi 0,000 (P0,050). Dari nilai rata-rata diketahui bahwa siswa kelas takhassus memiliki self-regulated learning lebih tinggi dengan nilai rata rata 88,20 dibandingkan dengan siswa kelas reguler dengan nilai rata-rata 53,93. Kemudian hasil perhitungan mean empirik dan mean hipotetik diperoleh bahwa self-regulated learning siswa kelas takhassus dengan kelas reguler berada pada kategori sangat tinggi, sebab mean empirik (78,24) lebih besar dari mean hipotetik (60) dan selisihnya berada di luar jangkauan SD yakni 18,24.

The study objectives are to 1) characterize the state of laboratory carrying capacity, 2) analyze laboratory utilization, and 3) identify the challenges and solutions to laboratory carrying capacity utilization. The descriptive qualitative research method was used. According to the research findings, the carrying capacity of laboratories in MAN A was in a moderate category with an average of 56%, MAN B was in a moderate category with an average of 58,5%, and MAN C was in a high category with an average of 65%. The overall carrying capacity of laboratories in MAN Cirebon was 59,8%. The use of laboratories to enhance biology learning has yet to be well implemented. The challenges in utilizing laboratory carrying capacity include inadequate facilities and infrastructure and ineffective management. The problem can be solved by submitting budget proposals to the principal and the school committee and requesting laboratory development funding support from the appropriate parties. ABSTRAK: Tujuan penelitian ini yaitu: 1) mendeskripsikan kondisi daya dukung laboratorium; 2) menganalisis pemanfaatan laboratorium; dan 3) mendeskripsikan kendala dan solusi yang dihadapi dalam pemanfaatan daya dukung laboratorium. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian deskriptif kualitatif. Tempat penelitian ini adalah di MAN A, MAN B, dan MAN C yang ada di wilayah Cirebon dengan subjek penelitian laboratorium dan guru biologi. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan adalah observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi. Analisis data menggunakan teknik perhitungan deskriptif persentase. Hasil temuan diperoleh bahwa daya dukung laboratorium di MAN A berada dalam kategori cukup baik dengan rata-rata 56%, MAN B dengan kategori cukup baik memperoleh rata-rata 58,5%, dan MAN C memperoleh rata-rata 65% dengan kategori baik, sehingga secara keseluruhan daya dukung laboratorium di MAN Cirebon dalam kategori cukup baik dengan rata-rata 59,8%. Pemanfaatan laboratorium dalam menunjang pembelajaran biologi masih belum terlaksana dengan baik. Kendala yang dihadapi yaitu fasilitas laboratorium masih belum memenuhi standar sarana dan prasarana serta pengelolaan yang belum optimal. Solusinya dapat diatasi dengan mengadakan pengajuan kepada kepala sekolah dan komite sekolah untuk dilakukan penyusunan anggaran dan permohonan bantuan dana pengembangan laboratorium pada pihak terkait.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan tentang penanaman nilai-nilai demokrasi melalui pembelajaran IPS sub pokok pluralitas di kelas VIII SMP Islam Terpadu Nuurusshidiiq Kota Cirebon. Selain itu penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui nilai-nilai demokrasi, cara penanaman nilai-nilai demokrasi, faktor pendorong dan penghambat nilai-nilai demokrasi, serta mengintegrasikan strategi nilai-nilai demokrasi dalam sistem pendidikan, terutama pada aspek pembelajaran di kelas VIII SMP Islam Terpadu Nuurusshidiiq Kota Cirebon. Pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan penelitian kualitatif dan metode study kasus. Penelitian ini menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa nilai-nilai demokrasi telah ditanamkan dengan baik dalam pembelajaran IPS. Nilai-nilai demokrasi yang dikembangkan dengan baik diantaranya nilai toleransi, nilai kebebasan berkelompok, nilai kebebasan berpendapat, kerjasama dengan sesama, percaya diri. Cara penanaman nilai-nilai demokrasi dengan menggunakan metode diskusi, tanya jawab, ceramah, di luar kelas dan demonstrasi. Faktor pendorong penanaman nilai-nilai demokrasi melalui pembelajaran IPS adalah pendidik, sarana prasarana, dan budaya di sekolah. Faktor penghambat dalam penanaman nilai-nilai demokrasi melalui pembelajaran IPS adalah alokasi waktu dan kurangnya motivasi dalam diri siswa. ABSTRACT This study aims to describe the cultivation of democratic values through social studies learning, the sub-subject of plurality in class VIII of SMP Islam Terpadu Nuurusshidiiq, Cirebon City. In addition, this study aims to determine democratic values, how to instill democratic values, driving and inhibiting factors for democratic values, and integrate the strategy of democratic values in the education system, especially in the aspects of learning in class VIII of SMP Islam Terpadu Nuurusshidiiq Cirebon City. This study's data collection uses a qualitative and case study approach. This study used observation, interviews, and documentation. The results showed that democratic values had been well instilled in social studies learning. Well-developed democratic values include the value of tolerance, the value of freedom of the group, the value of freedom of opinion, cooperation with others, and self-confidence. How to instill democratic values by using the methods of discussion, question and answer, lectures, outside the classroom, and demonstrations. The driving factors for cultivating democratic values through social studies learning are educators, infrastructure, and school culture. The inhibiting factor in cultivating democratic values through social studies learning is the allocation of time and the lack of motivation in students.

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang pentingnya teknik empati dalam proses konseling individual. Teknik empati adalah menyelaraskan diri (peka) terhadap apa, bagaimana, dan latar belakang perasaan dan pikiran orang lain sebagaimana orang tersebut merasakan dan memikirkannya. Teknik empati merupakan salah satu dari berbagai teknik dalam proses konseling. Sedangkan Proses Konseling adalah proses bantuan yang dilakukan melalui wawancara, yang dilakukan oleh seorang ahli disebut konselor kepada individu yang sedang mengalami suatu masalah disebut konseli apabila di lingkungan formal dan disebut klien apabila diluar lingkungan formal. Tujuan dari dilakukan konseling adalah bermuara pada teratasinya masalah yang sedang dialami. Individual atau sendiri adalah mengenai atau berhubungan dengan manusia secara pribadi yang bersifat perseorangan. Dimana Proses konseling individual hanya dapat dilakukan secara face to face dengan kata lain tidak ada orang lain atau orang ketiga selain dari konselor dan klien. Proses konseling individual tidak hanya dapat dilakukan didalam ruangan melainkan dapat dilakukan diluar ruangan seperti halaman, taman, dan lain-lain. Diharapkan setelah membaca artikel ini dapat melakukan proses konseling individual dengan menggunakan teknik empati secara maksimal dan efektif baik di lingkungan formal, non formal dan informal.

Abstrak Studi individu tentang efektivitas model project-based learning (PjBL) telah banyak dilakukan dengan hasil yang beragam. Namun sejauhmana karakteristik penelitian berperan dalam variasi hasil studi individu, belum diekplorasi. Sebagai upaya mengisi kekosongan tersebut maka penelitian meta-analysis ini dilakukan untuk menentukan efek keseluruhan model PjBL pada kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis, dan dilakukan mempertimbangkan peran moderator dalam mengimplemtasikannya lebih lanjut. Pencarian studi dilakukan pada rentang tahun 2014 hingga 2020 pada basis data ERIC, Google Schoolar dan IOP Publishing. Hasil pencarian memberikan dua belas studi yang memenuhi syarat inklusi untuk diekstraksi. Perhitungan menggunakan bantuan software CMA versi. 3.3, dan menggunakan model efek-acak sebagai metode estimasi. Sebagai hasil penelitian, diperoleh ukuran efek keseluruhan studi adalah 1,190 yang menunjukkan bahwa implementasi PjBL berdampak besar terhadap kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa. Selain itu, hasil analisis moderator berimplikasi pada implementasi PjBL dimasa depan. Keterbatasan penelitian dibahas sebagai ide dasar untuk penelitian selanjutnya

Several inconsistent research results regarding the effect of Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in enhancing Mathematical Abilities (MA) of primary school students have been reported widely by some researchers. To summarize, estimate, and evaluate the effect of PBL on MA of primary school students and investigate the study characteristics that provoked the heterogeneous effect size, a systematic review and meta-analysis was employed. Hedge's equation was employed to measure effect size using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software as an analysis tool. The synthesis of 16 relevant primary studies revealed that the overall implementation of PBL had a high positive effect (g = 1,050) significantly compared to conventional learning on MA of primary school students based on a random effect model. Moreover, the characteristics of the sampling technique, publication index, and MA significantly caused the heterogeneity of the effect size of PBL towards students' MA. Thus, these results suggest that primary school mathematics teachers should select PBL as one of the best solutions to enhance students' MA and consider the characteristics of students MA that will be improved. Besides, researchers should select random sampling as a sampling technique to select the sample and the literature indexed by Scopus as references to support the quality of research.

This study examines the influence of internal company factors such as profitability, company size, business risk, company growth rate and external factors of the company, namely market risk on the company's capital structure as an intervening variable that affects the value of the company. This research was conducted on manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the study period of 2013 to 2018 and a sample of 82 companies. This study found that profitability and company size factors have a significant influence on the company's capital structure, but business risk, growth rates, and market risk do not have a significant effect on capital structure. Then capital structure has a significant influence on firm value.

Artikel ini menjelaskan tentang pentingnya layanan konseling kelompok terhadap harga diri remaja. Layanan konseling kelompok ialah suatu proses konseling antara konselor professional dengan beberapa konseli sekaligus dalam sebuah kelompok kecil di waktu yang bersamaan. Layanan konseling kelompok pada dasarnya merupakan layanan konseling individual yang dilakukan dalam suasana kelompok. Disana ada konselor dan klien, yaitu “para anggota kelompok” (yang jumlahnya lebih dari dua orang). Pada layanan konseling kelompok diusahakan tercipta suasana yang sama seperti dalam konseling individual yaitu hangat, permisif, penuh keterbukaan dan juga intimasi. Dimana konseli dapat mengungkapkan dan saling memahami masalah anggota kelompok, menelusuri sebab-sebab terjadinya permasalahan serta upaya pemecahan masalah. Sedangkan harga diri remaja merupakan penilaian pribadi individu yang dilakukan pada diri sendiri baik secara positif maupun negatif yang dilandaskan hubungan dan interaksi dengan orang-orang penting di sekitarnya dan juga dipengaruhi sikap, penerimaan, penghargaan dan perlakuan orang lain terhadap diri individu. Harga diri sering dinilai sebagai peringkat dengan dimensi yang berkisar mulai dari negatif sampai positif maupun rendah sampai tinggi. Diharapkan setelah membaca artikel ini dapat melakukan layanan konseling kelompok dengan maksimal dalam meningkatkan harga diri remaja baik di sekolah maupun di luar sekolah.

Zink oksida merupakan oksida logam semikonduktor yang telah banyak diteliti secara luas aplikasinya. Partikel ZnO berukuran mikro hingga nanometer dapat disintesis dengan penambahan capping agent, yaitu senyawa yang berperan mencegah terjadinya aglomerasi partikel. Pendekatan green synthesis ZnO dalam penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penambahan klorofil dari daun suji sebagai capping agent dengan variasi konsentrasi terhadap karakteristik (serapan infra merah, ukuran kisi kristal dan energi celah pita) ZnO yang dihasilkan. Sintesis ZnO dilakukan dengan prekursor zink nitrat, penambahan larutan ammonium hidroksida dan klorofil (Chl) dengan konsentrasi bervariasi (Chl 1= 19,60x10-6M; Chl 2= 2,45x10-6M dan Chl 3= 0,15x10-6M). Sintesis dilakukan secara hidrotermal dalam autoclave yang dipanaskan pada temperatur ±150oC dan ±180oC. Pertumbuhan kristal ZnO terjadi saat proses kalsinasi selama 3 jam pada temperatur ±400oC. Zink oksida hasil sintesis menunjukkan puncak serapan IR pada bilangan gelombang 447,49 cm-1 dan 601,79 cm-1, yang khas untuk vibrasi ulur Zn-O. Difraktogram XRD menunjukkan puncak-puncak kristal ZnO dengan struktur hexagonal wurtzite pada 2 sekitar 31°, 34°, 36°, 47°, 56°, 62°, 68 dan 89°. Ukuran kristal ZnO terkecil adalah 22,80 nm, yaitu ZnO dengan penambahan Chl 1. Nanopartikel ZnO hasil sintesis dengan penambahan Chl 1 menghasilkan nilai energi celah pita 3,29 eV, sedangkan energi celah pita ZnO kontrol yaitu 3,25 eV. Morfologi permukaan ZnO menunjukkan terjadinya aglomerasi. Berdasarkan penelitian, diperoleh bahwa penambahan Chl 1 dalam sintesis ZnO menghasilkan ZnO nanokristal dengan energi celah pita terbesar. Kata kunci: hidrotermal, klorofil, ZnO

[English]: This study examined the effect of Problem-based Learning (PBL) on students' creative mathematical thinking in Indonesia during the last eight years using meta-analysis. Data were obtained from primary studies published in national journals, conference proceedings, and master thesis from 2012 to 2020. This study analyzed 19 effect sizes from 19 primary studies that fulfill the inclusion criteria. The effect size index used the Hedges' g equation and statistical analysis was assisted by comprehensive meta-analysis (CMA) software. The effect size variation test was conducted by analyzing the study's five characteristics, namely the year of study, level of education, sample size, length of treatment, and publication sources. Based on the analysis results, the overall effect size was 0.821, with a standard error of 0.130 at the 95% confidence interval (CI) referring to the random-effects model. The effect size is classified as moderate, meaning that PBL has a moderately positive effect on students' creative mathematical thinking. The results of the analysis of the characteristics of the study show that the application of PBL to improve students' mathematical creative thinking relates to the research year (Q = 55.683; p

Education is one of the fields that generate heaps of data. Pile of data that can utilized by higher education institutions to improve tertiary performance. One way to process data piles in the education is to use data mining or called education data mining. The quality assessment of educational institutions conducted by the community and the government is strongly influenced by student performance. Students who have poor performance will have a negative impact on educational institutions. Student data is processed to obtain valuable knowledge regarding the classification of student performance. One method of data mining is the C4.5 algorithm which is known to be able to produce good classifications. In this research and optimization method will be used namely optimize selection on the c4.5 algorithm. Based on the research, it is known that the optimization selection optimization method can improve the performance of algorithm c4.5 from 85% to 87%.

Dalam mewujudkan kelurahan terbaik perlu dilakukan dengan cara gotong royong masyarakat dikelurahan, sehingga dapat menilai keberhasilan dalam pembangunan kelurahan, dan perlu dilakukan penilaian secara merata, terarah dan terkoordinasi untuk mendukung rencana pemerintahan yang baik, maka dilakukan kegiatan pelaksanaan penilaian kelurahan terbaik, sesuai dengan indikator penilaian. Dalam penilaian kelurahan terbaik dilakukan dengan cara membandingkan perkembangan terbaru berdasarkan data profil kelurahan sesuai dengan indikator penilaian yang sudah ditentukan. Penelitian ini bertujuan membangun sebuah sistem pendukung keputusan untuk menentukan kelurahan terbaik berdasarkan skor penilaian dengan menggunakan metode Analytical Hierarchi Process (AHP). Penilaian kelurahan terbaik terdiri dari 6 Alternatif yaitu Kelurahan Jatipulo, Kemanggisan, Kota Bambu Selatan, Kota Bambu Utara, Palmerah dan Slipi. Hasil dari sistem ini berupa rangking setiap kelurahan yang telah dinilai sehingga menghasilkan rekomendasi untuk pengambilan keputusan dalam menetukan kelurahan terbaik. Nilai total paling tinggi digunakan untuk merangking kelurahan terbaik yaitu Kelurahan Kemanggisan dengan Hasil Akhir 0,190. Kata Kunci : SPK, AHP, Kelurahan terbaik, Rangking

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa pada pembelajaran biologi dengan socio scientific issues. Penelitian ini dilakukan di dua sekolah yaitu SMA N 1 Suranenggala dan SMA N 1 Sliyeg yang terdapat di provinsi Jawa Barat. Penelitian ini menggunakan pretest-posttest control group design. Pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini menggunakan instrument tes berupa pretes dan postes, tes yang digunakan berupa tes uraian (essay) untuk mendapatkan data kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa pada materi pembelajaran biologi yang berkaitan dengan isu-isu sosial yang marak terjadi di masyarakat. Data diambil dengan sampel menggunakan uji statistik meliputi uji prasyarat dan uji hipotesis menggunakan uji t.Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa terdapat peningkatan kemampuan argumentasi ilmiah siswa menggunakan strategi pembelajaran socio scientific issues.

Science learning based on 2013 curriculum requires the students to be able at analyzing, evaluating, and creating to achieve higher order thinking skills (HOTS). The results of observation at SMP N 2 Sukolilo showed that there was no task or question which was specifically used to measure HOTS of the students. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of two-tier multiple choice assessment instrument and HOTS ability of the students. This research was conducted by using Research and Development (R&D) method. Samples were taken by random sampling technique from the population of class IX students of SMP N 2 Sukolilo in the academic year 2019/2020, then class IX C was selected for small-scale trial, class IX B was selected for large-scale trial, and class IX A was selected for trial use. Data was taken by some methods such as test, questionnaire, and documentation. The characteristics of two-tier multiple choice assessment instrument was analyzed by expert judgment and empirical testing. Whereas, HOTS level of the students was analyzed using the HOTS Category Scale. The results of the analysis of the characteristics of two-tier multiple choice assessment instrument indicated that the developed instrument had fulfilled the requirement as a good instrument, namely (1) valid, with the result of expert validation as many as 79% (feasible) and the results of the item analysis was 0.49 (sufficient ); (2) reliable, with the reliability result was 0.40 (reliable); (3) relevant, representative, practical, and specific as indicated by the results of the teacher's questionnaire responses with the percentage 75% (good); (4) discriminatory power, with the average of analysis result was 0.36 (good); and (5) proportional / difficulty level, with the analysis result of most questions in the moderate category. Furthermore, the analysis results of HOTS level of the students showed that the students on the large-scale trial were mostly in the moderate category (67%) and some of them in a small portion were in the low category (33%). While, HOTS level of the students on the trial use showed that most of the students were in the moderate category (50%), some of them were in the low category (30%), and a small portion of them were in the high category (20%). The conclusion of this study is the developed two-tier multiple choice assessment instrument has been feasible, because it has met the requirements as a good instrument and can be used to measure HOTS of the students.

Seclusion (khalwat) is the activity conducted in a quiet place between two individuals of different sex who are not mahram (blood relative) without the legitimate marriage bond and the willingness from both parties, which leads to adultery. Fine is one of the customary penalties given to the perpetrators of khalwat. In practice, implemented of fines between one region and another is different. The study aims to identify the types of adat fines charged to khalwat perpetrators and the effectiveness of implementation on the settlement customary fines in Banda Aceh. It used a juridical-empirical research method. The data used, in addition to primary and secondary legal material, also used an in-depth interview with respondents. The data analyzed using a qualitative descriptive approach. This research conducted in Banda Aceh district. The research results show that the kind of customary fines given to khalwat perpetrators was different. There are even some cases begun to shift, and some considered that being married because of khalwat was considered one of the customary fines. Customary fines are effective in reducing offense of khalwat. However, there are concerns if the decision of the customary fines does not get optimal support from law enforcement officials. Expected, customary official affirmed kind of customary fine given to khalwat perpetrators. The difference subtle, need to consider the aspect of justice, the ability, and effective whereabouts of fines to reduction offense of khalwat.

Abstrak Stroke menempati urutan pertama sebagai penyebab kematian Rumah Sakit di Indonesia. Berdasarkan Riskesdas (2013) bahwa stroke tidak lagi menyerang masyarakat kota yang berkecukupan tetapi masyarakat dengan sosial ekonomi rendah. Mengacu Widyakarya Nasional Pangan dan Gizi ke X (2012) bahwa angka kecukupan energi masih kurang dan sebaliknya untuk konsumsi protein sudah melebihi dari angka yang dianjurkan. Berdasarkan data dari rekam medis di RSUD Provinsi Kepulauan Riau terdapat angka kejadian stroke sebanyak 100 kasus pada tahun 2014. 141 kasus pada tahun 2015, 337 kasus pada tahun 2016 dan 141 kasus pada periode Januari sampai dengan Juni 2017. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk melihat factor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kejadian stroke di RSUD Provinsi Kepulauan Riau. Penelitian deskriptif dengan desain krosseksional dengan jumlah sampel 257 responden melalui teknik simple random sampling. Analisa data multivariate menggunakan regresi logistic dengan metode backward. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan antara pendidikan dengan kejadian stroke (p=0,249), tidak terdapat hubungan antara riwayat penyakit dengan kejadian stroke (p=0,394), terdapat hubungan kadar kolesterol darah dengan kejadian stroke (p=0,005), tidak terdapat hubungan antara status pernikahan dengan kejadian stroke (p=0,614), tidak terdapat hubungan antara pekerjaan dengan kejadian stroke (p=0,546), tidak terdapat hubungan usia dengan dengan kejadian stroke (p=0,138), tidak terdapat hubungan antara jenis kelamin dengan kejadian stroke (p=0,457). Faktor yang berpengaruh terhadap kejadian stroke adalah usia (OR= 2,625) dan kadar kolesterol darah (OR=0,047). Kata kunci : faktor-faktor; kejadian; stroke

The purpose of this community service activity is to adapt the Hohenheim Aceh tunnel dryer technology for solar energy, to help Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) produce Pliek U in Aceh Besar District to increase productivity and quality of Pliek U produced. This community service was conducted in several steps including a survey, focus group discussion with targeted people, designing the dryer, constructing the dryer, training the producers, and dissemination. Results of this program are constructing 3 unit type Hohenheim Aceh solar tunnel dryers for 3 producers, management entrepreneurship training, improvement of packaging and application of digital management, and marketing of the product by using the Qasir’s application. In conclusion, the performance of this dryer is very good, namely, it can speed up the drying process while increasing the quality of the Pliek U produced.

Work ethic is crucial to the growth of human life. Related to the problem of waste, humans must be able to position themselves with waste around it. As a result, this study will discuss a relationship between one's Islamic work ethic and the form of a Waste Bank in the surrounding area, in order to improve the community's Islamic work ethic. The study is a survey research with a quantitative descriptive approach with primary data obtained from questionnaires distributed to Waste Bank customers. Researchers want to know the influence of the Waste Bank on improving Islamic work ethic of Madiun community. The analysis results show that the value of t-count is greater than the value of t-table (11,788> 1,97612) between the variables Waste Bank (X) and Islamic Work Ethic (Y), indicating that H0 was rejected and Ha was accepted. Thus there is an influence on the existence of a waste bank to increase the Islamic work ethic of the Madiun community. While the amount of influence is 48.4% and 51.6% is influenced by other variables outside the research.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the group investigation type cooperative learning model in improving the science process skills of high school students in material elasticity. The research method used was quasi-experimental and the population used was class XI MIPA one of the public high schools in Tasikmalaya district and the sample used was class XI MIPA 4. The results of this study obtained an effect size value of 3.91 and categorized as high. The t-test of science process skills in students obtained tcount of 26.39 and ttable of 2.86 because tcount> ttable then Ho was rejected and Ha was accepted. Thus, it can be concluded that the group investigation type cooperative learning model was effective in improving the science process skills of high school students on the elasticity of the material.