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Introduction: The nanoparticle has become a part of world industry. This substance has been proven as potentially beneficial for its usage as a catalyst and semi-conductor due to its high surface area and the effects of the quantum size effect. It exhibits potential characteristics and would be applied in a wider scope of usage compared to bulk particles because the smaller the size of the particles, the more room for the extent of their usage. Nano titanium dioxide application as semi-conductors together with a catalyst is highly attributed to its high photochemical stability and ability to be produced at a low-cost. The consequence of this - exposure of nano titanium dioxide particles to humans - raises concerns regarding health and safety. Therefore, this research action works designed to offer a thorough analysis of toxicology impacts produced by our own synthesis modified hydrothermal in vitro experiments.Material and methods: Our nanotitania extraction with 0.05% silver was tested for its toxicity against L929 mouse cells. The cytotoxicity effect of nanotitania extract was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell viability (% CV) was calculated using a formula.Results: There are non-cytotoxicity activity of 0.05% nanotitania at concentrations 1.5, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, and 25 mg/ml on L929 cell lines except at concentration 50 and 100 mg/ml. The result was related to the optical density reading.Conclusions: There is no cytotoxic effect of nanotitania extraction with 0.05% silver in the growth inhibition test with L929 mouse with the exception of the 100 mg/ml extract. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Andrographis paniculata (AP) is an ancient herb known for its medicinal and therapeutic values. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the antibacterial activity and cytotoxicity of AP herbal mouthwash. Aqueous extract of AP was used to prepare the herbal mouthwash. The product was tested against selected oral pathogens namely Actinomyeces viscosus, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sobrinus, and Porphyromonas gingivalis for its antibacterial activity using the agar well diffusion method. Toxicity analysis was carried out and subjected to cytotoxicity screening using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, in vivo study using brine shrimp lethality bioassay, and detection of heavy metals using atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Five AP herbal mouthwash concentrations (62.5, 125, 250, 500, 1000 mg/mL) were developed. AP herbal mouthwash exhibited the strongest antibacterial activity against A. viscosus. AP herbal mouthwash (125 to 1000 mg/mL) showed inhibition against P. gingivalis, S. mutans and S. sobrinus, except for S. aureus which did not reflect any sign of antibacterial activity. In brine shrimp lethality bioassay, AP herbal mouthwash has LC50 3255.064 µg/mL. In vitro cytotoxic evaluation was done on L929 mouse fibroblast cell lines using MTT assay with IC50 43.55 mg/mL denotes the mouthwash is non-toxic. Heavy metals content in AP herbal mouthwash falls within the permissible range of plumbum (2.50 ppm) followed by arsenic (1.875 ppm), mercury (0.15 ppm), and cadmium (0.06 ppm). Thus, verifying AP herbal mouthwash is effective in common oral pathogens and has a non-toxic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Natural products are potential options in the field of dentistry to be used as intracanal medicaments as these products possess antibacterial activity and are harmless to the human tissues. This study was aimed to investigate the antibacterial efficacy and cytotoxic effect of propolis and Piper betle extracts in comparison to calcium hydroxide (CH). Methods: Calcium hydroxide (aqueous), propolis ethanolic extract, propolis aqueous extract, Piper betle ethanolic extract, Piper betle aqueous extracts were evaluated to determine 1) Minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MIC and MBC) against Enterococcus faecalis by broth dilution method and 2) cytotoxic effect on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (HPdLF) after 24 hours of contact utilizing MTT assay. The concentrations of the extract used were ranging from 100 mg/ml to 0.78 mg/ml. All recorded data were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Results: Ethanolic extract of propolis and Piper betle reported the best antibacterial activity with the MIC of 3.12 mg/ml and MBC of 6.25 mg/ml. The aqueous extract of Piper betle and CH reported a similar MIC of 50 mg/ml and MBC of 100 mg/ml. The aqueous extract of propolis had the lowest antibacterial action with MIC of 200 mg/ml and MBC of 400 mg/ml. Aqueous extract of propolis, ethanolic extract of propolis, and aqueous extract of Piper betle showed more than 70% cell viability at all the concentrations with no significance compared to the control. A significant difference was reported for ethanolic extract of Piper betle at 100 mg/ml and CH at 100 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml (p < 0.05) compared to the control.Conclusion: Propolis and Piper betle extract showed greater antibacterial activity against E. faecalis and exhibited lower cytotoxicity towards HPdLF compared to CH. Propolis and Piper betle could be considered as the potential alternatives for intracanal medicament. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A few reports on the phytochemical analysis of the organic solvent extract of Acmella uliginosa (Sw.) Cass. (A. uliginosa) have been published previously. Water extract is preferable depending on the intended final applications of the extract, such as those for the food and pharmaceutical industries. Thus, this current study focused on the phytochemical study of water extract from various parts of A. uliginosa which was collected from Kelantan, Malaysia. The sample of A. uliginosa flowers, leaves, stems and roots were converted into powder form and extracted with water macerated extraction procedures. The crude extracts were freeze-dried, and the extracts obtained were analysed using gas chromatography mass spectrometry. More than 80 chemical compounds were identified from the flowers, leaves, stems and roots of water extracts of A. uliginosa. The bioactive compounds that were identified include alkaloids, terpenoids, phenolic compounds and steroids. This study also revealed that the most abundant compound in both flowers and leaves were spilanthol, whereas linoleic acid and 2-Furancarboxaldehyde, 5-methyl- were identified as the highest compound for stems and roots; respectively. This finding suggested that water extracts of various parts of A. uliginosa are good sources of many bioactive compounds that might have pharmacological potential and high therapeutic value. Further experiments are needed to prove that all parts of the water extract of A. uliginosa do have therapeutic value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is an important bacterium with significant pathological implications in the field of medicine. Attempting to cure bacterial infections at an advanced stage results in considerable waste of time, effort and expenditure. Thus, the prevention of such illnesses is paramount. Besides using chemical drugs to treat infections, several non-organic extracts have been tested in trials and been shown to impede the bacteria's growth. This paper proposes that the modified hydrothermal nanotitania extract has great potential to combat this lethal organism. The viability of S. aureus was shown to be markedly reduced following the addition of nanotitania extract with 0.01%, 0.03% and 0.05% silver after 24, 48, and 72 hours. The ability of the nanotitania extract to inhibit the growth of S. aureus indicates its antimicrobial characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The nanoparticle has become a part of world industry. This substance has been proven as potentially beneficial for its usage as a catalyst and semi-conductor due to its high surface area and the effects of the quantum size effect. It exhibits potential characteristics and would be applied in a wider scope of usage compared to bulk particles because the smaller the size of the particles, the more room for the extent of their usage. Nano titanium dioxide application as semi-conductors together with a catalyst is highly attributed to its high photochemical stability and ability to be produced at a low-cost. The consequence of this - exposure of nano titanium dioxide particles to humans - raises concerns regarding health and safety. Therefore, this research action works designed to offer a thorough analysis of toxicology impacts produced by our own synthesis modified hydrothermal in vitro experiments., Material and Methods: Our nanotitania extraction with 0.05% silver was tested for its toxicity against L929 mouse cells. The cytotoxicity effect of nanotitania extract was evaluated by MTT assay. Cell viability (% CV) was calculated using a formula., Results: There are non-cytotoxicity activity of 0.05% nanotitania at concentrations 1.5, 3.1, 6.3, 12.5, and 25 mg/ml on L929 cell lines except at concentration 50 and 100 mg/ml. The result was related to the optical density reading., Conclusions: There is no cytotoxic effect of nanotitania extraction with 0.05% silver in the growth inhibition test with L929 mouse with the exception of the 100 mg/ml extract., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright: © 2020 Termedia & Banach.)