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In this paper, numerous effects of immunosuppressive regimen of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) on CNI-related renal damage after lung transplantation are evaluated thoroughly. For this purpose, 110 lung transplant recipients who were treated in our hospital from March 2016 to January 2018 were randomly selected. All patients took prednisone acetate tablets or rapamycin at the same time or not at the same time. MMF is 1 g every time, twice a day, and adjusted according to the re-examination. According to the different drugs taken by 110 patients, they were divided into cyclosporine A group and tacrolimus group. Among them, 92 patients in cyclosporine A group took cyclosporine A; 18 patients in tacrolimus group took tacrolimus. The clinical data of age and gender of the two groups were collected, To observe and compare the occurrence of CNI-related renal damage in lung transplant recipients and different immunosuppressants. The CNI dosage of tacrolimus group and cyclosporine A group was compared before and after MMF. The changes of serum creatinine level and serum creatinine clearance rate were measured before MMF administration and 30, 60, and 90 days after MMF administration, to observe the complications of CNI-related renal damage after lung transplantation. Experimental results showed that there were 16 cases (14.55%) of CNI-related renal damage in lung transplant recipients and different immunosuppressants, including 10 cases (11.36%) in males, 6 cases (27.27%) in females, 11 cases (12.09%) in tacrolimus group, and 5 cases (26.32%) in cyclosporine A group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P > 0.05 ). Compared with MMF before and after administration, CNI dosage of cyclosporine A group and tacrolimus group decreased significantly ( P < 0.01 ). Compared with MMF before administration, serum creatinine level decreased and serum creatinine clearance rate increased significantly ( P < 0.05 ). In the follow-up, 16 patients with CNI-related renal damage were found to be immune rejection before the adjustment of immunosuppression program, no complications such as immune rejection, myelosuppression, and infection occurred within 15 months after the adjustment of immunosuppression program, blood glucose increased in 3 patients within 2 years after operation, blood lipid increased in 1 patient, urea increased in 1 patient, and uric acid increased in 1 patient. MMF immunosuppressive therapy based on CNI reduction is a safe and effective immunosuppressive therapy, which can significantly reduce immune rejection, improve renal function, and play an important role in improving CNI-related renal damage after lung transplantation.

This paper concentrates on the problem of continuous-time switched linear systems with all subsystems unstable under average dwell time (ADT) criteria. Inspired by the matrix polynomial approach, a new method is proposed to further lessen conservativeness and improve system performance. The new method is based on a matrix polynomial and the discretized Lyapunov function (DLF) technique. Using the matrix polynomial, the DLF is successfully established and applied to switched systems. Based on this function, convex sufficient conditions are derived, thereby ensuring the global uniform exponential stability of the system. In addition, the method can be expanded to uncertain systems. Finally, a numerical example is presented to illustrate the potential of the proposed approach.

In situ electrochemical chlorination is a promising way to prohibit the biofouling on glass used for optical devices in seawater. To make this approach practical, a conductive glass should have low overpotential to generate Cl-2, so that the electrical energy consumption, a critical issue for field application, will be low. Moreover, a long sustainability should also be taken into consideration from the application perspective. Following these criteria, we propose Pt/ITO surface to electrochemically generate Cl-2, which immunizes biofouling for glass substrate. In this report, firstly, Pt nanoparticle/ITO is prepared via an electrodeposition approach. Secondly, electrocatalysis capability of Pt/ITO is elucidated, which shows the catalysis for Cl-2 generation from NaCl solution and seawater has been sparked with Pt on the surface. Also, Pt/ITO is more sustainable and efficient than the bare ITO in natural seawater. Thirdly, the antifouling property is evaluated taking diatom as the target organism. Electrochemical chlorination on Pt/ITO can efficiently prevent the glass from fouling. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

An ultrasonic sensor to detect the distance measurement system is introduced in the paper. The paper presents the working principle of ultrasonic distance measurement, the structure properties of ultrasonic sensors, the ultrasonic sensors in the transmitter and receiver probe and their inter-action problem in details. Ultrasonic sensor is a component of detecting the distance. STC89C52 SCM (single chip machine) is a control component. The system mainly consists of five parts, such as the smallest single chip system, the ultrasonic transmission circuit, the ultrasonic receiving circuit, the digital display circuit and the alarm circuit. Application software of ranging is written. The accuracy and error in the other related issues of the distance ultrasonic sensor is studied by experiment. The system is designed for portable, low power consumption and high precision. It can be applied to water level measurement, robot obstacle avoidance, parking sensor and other areas.