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Nanotechnology has brought about revolutionary innovations in many aspects of the oil and gas industry. Nanotechnology generates nanomaterials, which are natural or synthetic materials with at least one dimension at the nanoscale (1–100 nm). Among them, nanoparticles (NPs), in particular, have large surface areas and high volume concentrations. Given these dimensional effects, nanomaterials acquire unique mechanical, chemical, thermal, and magnetic properties and, therefore, have a superior performance than conventional micro and macro materials in a range of oil and gas field applications. Nanomaterials can also be custom functionalized by chemical modifications to meet specific technical requirements. In this review, the developments in the recent years concerning the research on nanotechnology in drilling, completion, reservoir protection, enhance-oil-recovery (EOR), sensing and imaging techniques, stimulation techniques in oil and gas migration and accumulation have been summarized. The aim of this paper was to provide a comprehensive overview of the scientific progress of nanotechnology in the oil and gas research areas, identifying the existing barriers and challenges, and evaluating the technical and economic prospects in this field.

With the world's population aging, geriatric care is more important than ever before. However, many studies have shown that nursing students are less likely to choose geriatric nursing as career than other nursing fields. Nursing students play a vital role in the development of geriatric nursing. Thus, this study aimed to explore the current situation of nursing students' career choice motivation in geriatric nursing and to analyze the influencing factors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted. This study was performed from March 2021 to September 2022 among nursing students from four universities in Shandong Province, China. Data on nursing students' attitudes toward geriatric, aging anxiety, knowledge about aging, and career choice motivation were collected through questionnaires, and analyzed by ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and multiple linear regression. A total of 1007 questionnaires were collected. Nursing students' career expectancy score for geriatric nursing was 19.06 ± 4.00 and the value score was 46.65 ± 7.50. The study revealed that gender, education level, taking geriatric care courses, experience in caring for older adults, believing in bright prospects for geriatric care, geriatric attitudes, and aging anxiety were critical factors that influenced nursing students' motivation in choosing a career in geriatric nursing. Nursing students' motivation to choose a career in geriatric care needs to be improved in China. Nursing educators should take interventions to actively guide students and promote the cultivation of geriatric nursing talent.

Abstract Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) poses challenges for targeted delivery and retention of therapeutic proteins due to excess extracellular matrix (ECM). Here we present a new approach to treat MASH, termed “Fibrosis overexpression and retention (FORT)”. In this strategy, we design (1) retinoid-derivative lipid nanoparticle (LNP) to enable enhanced mRNA overexpression in fibrotic regions, and (2) mRNA modifications which facilitate anchoring of therapeutic proteins in ECM. LNPs containing carboxyl-retinoids, rather than alcohol- or ester-retinoids, effectively deliver mRNA with over 10-fold enhancement of protein expression in fibrotic livers. The carboxyl-retinoid rearrangement on the LNP surface improves protein binding and membrane fusion. Therapeutic proteins are then engineered with an endogenous collagen-binding domain. These fusion proteins exhibit increased retention in fibrotic lesions and reduced systemic toxicity. In vivo, fibrosis-targeting LNPs encoding fusion proteins demonstrate superior therapeutic efficacy in three clinically relevant male-animal MASH models. This approach holds promise in fibrotic diseases unsuited for protein injection.

Objective To identify the relationship between physical activity,insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk in individuals with different glucose tolerance status and to provide evidence for exercise intervention in people with different glucose tolerance status. Methods A total of 691 patients with different glucose metabolism status were recruited as subjects of the research. Spearman correlation analysis was used to study the relationship between exercise frequency and insulin resistance, insulin sensitivity, neck circumference (NC) and neck circumference height ratio (NHtR) in the subjects with different glucose metabolism status, the relationship between NC and insulin resistance and insulin sensitivity in different glucose metabolism groups. Results 171(62.9%) Subjects with diabetes were intervened by exercised every day. Spearman correlation analysis showed the correlation between exercise frequency and tri-glyceride triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) (r=-0.120, P＜0.05) and NC (r=-0.168, P＜0.05) were negatively correlated. In subjects with diabetes, NC was positively correlated with triglycerides(TG) (r=-0.100, P＜0.05), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-R) (r=-0.163, P＜0.05), total cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein(TC/HDL-C)(r=-0.214, P＜0.05) and TyG index (r=-0.156, P＜0.05). Conclusions Increased frequency of exercise is associated with reduced NC, improved insulin resistance, and cardiovascular risk factors in subjects of our team with newly diagnosed diabetes. Exercise has no significant effect on insulin resistance of subjects with normal glucose tolerance and pre-diabetes.

The effects of ethoxylated fatty amine emulsion on the wettability and permeability of silicate rock under various pH conditions, as well as the adsorption behavior of ethoxylated fatty amine on the silicate rock surface, were investigated using core displacement test, contact angle test and infrared spectroscopy. A new knowledge about the characteristic and mechanism of formation damage from reversible invert emulsion drilling fluids and a new method for the completion and cementing of a well drilled by reversible invert emulsion drilling fluids were proposed. Under pH of 4 to 8, exthoxylated fatty amine can adsorb on the rock surface to various degrees, resulting in the strong oil-wet condition of rock which does a serious harm to the permeability of the formation. Under pH of 10, no exthoxylated fatty amine adsorbs in the rock, resulting in the water-wet condition of the rock surface which is benefit to mitigating the damage of mud to the permeability of the formation. It is suggested removing the reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid using acidic fluids followed by basic fluids or using acidic fluids combined with wettability alteration agents. Key words: reversible invert emulsion drilling fluid, ethoxylated fatty amine, wettability, permeability, wettability reversal, formation damage

Although the flourishing of the Internet of Things and artificial intelligence has accelerated the development of wearable smart bioelectronics, heavy reliance on external power remains a problem that needs to be solved. Thermoelectric materials have emerged as a promising solution, efficiently converting body heat into electrical energy to provide a stable and unrestricted power supply for wearables. Moreover, in the field of wearable thermoelectric biosensing, where flexibility is highly demanded, hydrogels with excellent electrical conductivity, flexibility and biocompatibility through structural and compositional optimization have become ideal materials for constructing biosensors and meet the diverse application needs of wearable bioelectronics. This article systematically reviews the latest research progress on thermoelectric gels for self-powered wearable biosensing, including the principles of thermoelectric operation, as well as the preparation, design, and application of thermoelectric hydrogels. The current state of thermoelectric gel-based wearable applications in the fields of temperature sensing, strain sensing, temperature-strain synergistic sensing, respiratory monitoring, and sweat analysis are displayed in the article. Finally, the paper summarizes the current challenges and prospects of thermoelectric gels in self-powered wearable bioelectronics, encouraging the rapid application and realization of thermoelectric gel-based smart wearables.

ObjectiveTo translate the Tendency to Stigmatize Epidemics Diseases Scale (TSEDS) into Chinese and to evaluate its psychometric properties.MethodsTranslation and cross-cultural adaptation using the Brislin translation model, and pre-testing to form a Chinese version of TSEDS. A total of 434 adults participated in the study and the TSEDS were measured using the critical ratio method, Pearson correlation analysis, retest reliability, content validity, structural validity, and concurrent validity.ResultsThe Chinese version of the TSEDS scale contains 27 items in 5 dimensions, including structural stigma, perceived stigma, organizational stigma, internalized stigma, and social stigma. The average content validity index of the scale was 0.975. The goodness of fit index (χ2/df= 1.981, RMSEA = 0.067, CFI= 0.930, IFI = 0.931, TLI = 0.922) indicated a good model fit. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.962 and the dimensionality ranged from 0.882 to 0.928. The retest reliability was 0.912.ConclusionThe Chinese version of TSEDS has good reliability and validity, which can be used to assess the epidemiological stigma tendency of Chinese adults.

ObjectiveMind wandering (MW) among athletes during training and competition can lead to poor performance. However, MW has also been found to have positive effects. This study aims to clarify the causes of the bidirectional (negative and positive) effects of MW in the sports context, specifically focusing on whether these effects are related to the content of MW.MethodsA total of 846 Chinese athletes completed the Chinese version of the MW scales. The survey data were tested for common method biases. Subsequently, Pearson correlation analysis and structural equation modeling were performed using SPSS 25.0 and Mplus 7.0.ResultsThe frequency of MW can positively predict its bidirectional effects. MW content plays an important role in the relationships between MW frequency and its negative and positive effects, but the direction of influence varies depending on the content.ConclusionMW in sports is not always harmful, and its content plays an important role. These findings suggest that managing MW content may be a promising MW intervention method for improving performance in sports.

BackgroundThe gut microbiota (GM) is hypothesized to play roles in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) pathogenesis. In recent years, many GM composition and abundance investigations in AD patients have been conducted; however, despite this work, some results remain controversial. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using 16S ribosomal RNA (16S rRNA) sequencing to explore GM alterations between patients with AD spectrum and healthy controls (HCs).MethodsA systematic and comprehensive literature search of PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, China Biology Medicine disc database, WanFang database and Social Sciences Citation Index databases was conducted from inception to January 2023. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were strictly defined, and two researchers independently screened and extracted information from selected studies. Data quality were evaluated according to the “Cochrane system evaluator manual” and pooled data were comprehensively analyzed using Stata 14 software with standardized mean differences (SMDs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) used to measure effect sizes. Also, geographical heterogeneity effects (related to cohorts) on GM abundance were examined based on subgroup meta-analyses if sufficient studies reported outcomes. Finally, publication bias was assessed using funnel plots.ResultsOut of 1566 articles, 13 studies involving 581 patients with AD spectrum and 445 HCs were deemed eligible and included in our analysis. In summary, a decreased microbiota alpha diversity and a significantly distinct pattern of clustering with regard to beta diversity were observed in AD spectrum patients when compared with HCs. Comparative analyses revealed a decreased Ruminococcus, Faecalibacterium, Lachnospira, Dialister, Lachnoclostridium, and Roseburia abundance in AD spectrum patients while Phascolarctobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia muciniphila were more enriched in patients when compared to HCs. Furthermore, regional variations may have been in play for intestinal microbes such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Alistipes.ConclusionOur meta-analysis identified alterations in GM abundance in patients with AD spectrum, with 12 genera from four major phyla significantly associated with AD. Moreover, we provided evidence for region-specific alterations in Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, and Alistipes abundance. These findings may have profound implications for the development of innovative GM-based strategies to prevent and treat AD.Systematic review registrationhttps://doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2024.6.0067, identifier INPLASY202460067.

Background: The causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has not been fully elucidated. Exploring this relationship between circulating inflammatory cytokines and CVDs is crucial for early clinical diagnosis and effective treatment. Methods and Results: This study investigated the causal relationships between 41 inflammatory cytokines and six CVDs: heart failure (HF), myocardial infarction (MI), unstable angina pectoris (UAP), stable angina pectoris (SAP), valvular heart disease (VHD), and aortic aneurysm (AA), using the Mendelian Randomization (MR) method. The primary analysis employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) method within MR. Heterogeneity and pleiotropy were assessed through MR-Egger regression and the Q statistic. Strong evidence supported the effect of macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β) on MI (OR = 1.062, P

BackgroundLing-gui-zhu-gan (LGZG) formula has been demonstrated to effectively ameliorate the clinical symptoms of patients with obesity or metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to explore both the effect and the underlying mechanisms of LGZG against obesity.MethodsMale C57BL/6N mice were randomized into four groups (n = 8): normal control (NC), obese (OB), metformin (Met), and LGZG. After 8 weeks of gavage administration, the pharmacological effects of LGZG on obesity and metabolism were investigated using biochemical parameters, histomorphological examination, and lipidomics techniques. Pivotal factors associated with white adipose tissue browning were evaluated using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.ResultsThe results revealed that LGZG reduced the levels of obesity markers, including body weights, body fat mass and food intake in obese mice. Further evaluations highlighted that LGZG restored glucose homeostasis and significantly improved insulin sensitivity in obese mice. Importantly, LGZG could adjust serum lipid profiles and regulate the lipidomic spectrum of intestinal contents, with noticeable shifts in the levels of certain lipids, particularly diacylglycerols and monoacylglycerols. Histopathological examinations of LGZG-treated mice also revealed more favorable adipose tissue structures than their obese counterparts. Furthermore, we found that LGZG upregulated the expression of several key thermogenesis-related factors, such as UCP1, PRDM16, PGC-1α, PPARα, PPARγ, CTBP1, and CTBP2 in white adipose tissues.ConclusionOur findings position LGZG as a novel strategy for preventing obesity and improving metabolic health.