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In recent years, the application of artificial intelligence technology in the field of orthodontics has gradually increased, and deep learning, as a hot direction, has also been rapidly applied in the detection, evaluation, diagnosis, prediction and effect evaluation. At present, deep learning research has the advantages of high efficiency and accuracy, but it also has limitations such as weak interpretability and insufficient data volume. This paper reviewed the proposal and development of deep learning, the application in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment, as well as the limitations and countermeasures of the popularization, and prospect of the future research.近年口腔正畸领域人工智能技术的应用研究逐渐增加，深度学习作为其中的热门方向，也迅速被应用于正畸诊疗的检测、评估、诊断、预测以及疗效评价等多个环节。目前，深度学习研究在表现出高效、准确优势的同时，也存在可解释性不强、数据量不足等限制。本文从深度学习的提出与发展、正畸诊疗中的应用以及推广的限制与对策三方面进行综述，并进行展望。.

Early orthodontic treatment of malocclusion is becoming the hot topic in orthodontics. The characteristics of craniofacial and dental growth and development are very important in early orthodontics. The article focuses on early correction of malocclusion and normal growth and development recovery.错（牙合）畸形的早期矫治是目前口腔正畸医师关注的热点。颅颌面部软硬组织生长发育特点以及不同牙列时期的牙弓发育规律对错（牙合）畸形早期矫治成功与否至关重要，错（牙合）畸形早期矫治的重要目标是去除影响颅颌面生长发育的因素，使其恢复正常。本文重点从颅颌面及牙列生长发育的特点出发，讨论不同颅颌面生长型与不同牙列期错（牙合）畸形的早期矫治。.

To obtain optimum result in patients with periodontal diseases, orthodontists need not only treatment techniques but deep understanding of the periodontal status of the patients. On the other hand, orthodontists should keep in mind the concept of multi-disciplinary treatment for these patients. This paper describes nine key points of orthodontic treatment for patients with periodontal disease, and gives some guidance and warnings to orthodontists.伴牙周病错（牙合）畸形的正畸治疗，需要正畸医师有过硬的业务水平；同时，需要正畸医师深刻理解牙周病患者的口腔组织特征，具备多学科协同治疗的理念。本文从伴牙周病错（牙合）畸形患者正畸治疗的九大要点入手，希望能给正畸医师一些警示与指导。.

The aim of this study was to explore the changes in intestinal florae and serum inflammation in rats with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and to investigate the effects of probiotics.A total of 30 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into three groups, namely, control group, model group, and probiotic group. The rats in the model group were prepared into models of collagen II-induced arthritis. Meanwhile, the rats in probiotic group were treated with probiotics for 6 weeks via intragastric administration in addition to the treatment in the model group. Next, the feces of rats in the control group, model group, and probiotic group were sampled to detect the composition of intestinal florae. In addition, peripheral blood was collected from rats to determine the changes in the content of inflammatory factors, including tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and IL-1β through enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Compared with the control group, the levels of serum inflammatory factors TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were significantly upregulated in the model group (p0.05). This suggested successful modeling. However, they decreased notably in probiotic group when compared with the model group (p0.05), indicating that probiotics could inhibit inflammatory response in rats. The levels of microbes Bacteroidetes, Streptococcus and Clostridiales were significantly higher in the control group (p0.05). The levels of Ruminococcaceae, Asoccbarobacler, Coriobacteriaceae, and fecal anaerobic coryneform bacteria were remarkably higher in the model group (p0.05). Meanwhile, the levels of Porphyromonadaceae, Barnsiella, Actinobacteria, Alloscardovia, Bifidobacteria and Parabacteroides were remarkably higher in probiotic group (p0.05). The intestinal level of Bacteroides was the highest in rats of control group, which decreased significantly in the model group (p=0.000). However, the intestinal level of Bacteroides in probiotic group was overtly higher than that in the model group (p=0.000), whereas was lower than the control group. The intestinal level of Bifidobacteria in the model group was significantly lower than that in the control group (p=0.024). However, it was evidently higher in the probiotic group than that in both model group and control group (p=0.000). The intestinal level of Asoccbarobacler was remarkably higher in the model group than that in control group (p=0.005). However, it was lower in probiotic group than that in model group (p=0.003), showing the highest in model group. There was an evidently negative correlation between Firmicuteria and Clostridium (r=-0.82, p=0.000), and a positive association between Firmicuteria and Bacteroides (r=0.77, p=0.000). Bacteroides was negatively correlated with Clostridium (r=-0.89, p=0.002) and Enterococcus (r=-0.63, p=0.021). In addition, Enterococcus had a highly positive correlation with Clostridium (r=0.6, p=0.001).Evident changes in intestinal florae and serum inflammation are detected in rats with RA, and such changes can be partially reversed by probiotics.

To elucidate the expression and influence of Linc00702 on the development and progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).The expression of Linc00702 was evaluated using quantitative Real Time-Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) in 91 paired CRC tissue samples and adjacent normal tissue samples, as well as in CRC cell lines. Cell proliferation in Caco2 and SW620 cells was detected using colony formation assay and 5-Ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) assay. Wound-healing assay and transwell analysis were utilized to assess the abilities of cell migration and invasion. Western blot analysis was employed to further explore the underlying mechanism of Linc00702 in CRC.Linc00702 was lowly expressed in CRC tissues and cells. Over-expression of Linc00702 reduced cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of Caco2 cells, while knockdown of Linc00702 promoted cell growth and metastasis of SW620 cells comparing to control group, relatively. PTEN was verified as the target for Linc00702 in CRC, and Linc00702 promoted PTEN expression to inhibit the PI3K/AKT pathway.Linc00702 was downregulated in CRC and inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion by repressing the PI3K/AKT pathway via promoting PTEN expression. This might provide a new target for the biological treatment for CRC.

In recent years, more and more female adult patients complained the aesthetic problems such as the decline of face fullness during the treatment. In the course of 2-3 years of orthodontic treatment, the age-related change of the facial bone structure in the adult is limited, and therefore, the shape change mainly depends on the change of the soft tissue. In this paper, the factors such as age-increasing factors, the structural factors of the face,the width of the arch and the change of the occlusal height were analyzed to explore the changes of facial soft tissue and related factors in the treatment with a view to providing a reference for clinical application.近年，越来越多的成年正畸女性患者提出矫治过程中面部丰满度下降等美学问题。在为期2~3年的正畸疗程中成年人面部骨骼结构的增龄性变化是有限的，因此，面形的变化主要取决于软组织的改变。本文通过分析正畸治疗过程中面部软组织变化的相关影响因素，如增龄性因素、面部自身的结构因素以及牙弓宽度、咬合高度变化等情况，探讨正畸治疗中面部软组织的变化及其相关影响因素，以期为临床提供参考。.

The root cause of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is repeated hypoxia during sleep. The genioglossus is one of the most important upper airway dilatation muscles and is important for maintaining normal oxygen supply during sleep. Hypoxia can directly affect the energy metabolism level of the genioglossus muscle, thereby weakening muscle function. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can regulate mitochondrial function at the post-transcriptional level and achieve recovery or even enhancement of genioglossus function, but the specific mechanism is still unclear. In this study, an intermittent hypoxic cell model was established to detect the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of Genioglossus muscle satellite cells (GG MuSCs), and the damage to the mitochondrial structure and function was assessed by transmission electron microscopy and mitochondrial membrane potential. Then, miR-17-5p was upregulated and downregulated by miRNA mimics and inhibitors, respectively, and bioinformatics analysis was used to predict and validate the target genes of miR-17-5p. The results showed that the hypoxic environment affected the proliferation of GG MuSCs and mitochondrial membrane potential, which promoted the occurrence of apoptosis and mitochondrial edema. After upregulation of miR-17-5p, cell proliferative capacity and mitochondrial function were restored. Bioinformatics prediction and gene and protein level analyses found that Mfn2 may be a target gene of miR-17-5p. .

For girth weld of high-pressure oil and gas transmission pipeline, there is impact toughness values deviation phenomenon with self-shielded flux-cored semi-automatic welding technology. The macro-images, microstructure and mechanical performance of girth welding joint have been investigated by OM, SEM, TEM. The results show that there are several factors of impact toughness unqualified values of weld joints, such as welding heat input, coarse grain zone and a chain of M–A organisations, Al2O3 and Zr Precipitates particle sizes and distribution et al., which are the main unqualified reasons of welding impact toughness of the semi-automatic self-shielded core butt welding process of X80 pipeline steel.

SUMOylation plays critical roles in a variety of physiological and pathological processes including tumorigenesis. SUMOylation is a reversible process which is mediated by the SENP (Sentrin/SUMO-specific protease) family to remove SUMO from conjugated substrates. SENP5 has been reported to play critical roles in the control of several cancers including breast cancer, osteosarcoma and oral squamous cell carcinoma. In this study, we uncovered a role of SENP5 in promoting tumorigenesis process in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) via regulating DNA damage response.The mRNA and protein levels of SENP5 in 10 pairs of HCC samples were determined by Realtime PCR and Western blot, respectively. SiRNAs were used to silence the expression of SENP5 in HepG2 cells. Male BALB/c nude mice were used to determine the roles of SENP5 on tumorigenesis. In vivo SUMOylation assay was used to detect the SUMOylation of ATRIP. Immunoprecipitation (IP) was used to detect the interaction between SENP5 and ATRIP.We found that SENP5 was over-expressed in HCC samples and required for HCC cells proliferation both in vitro and in vivo. SENP5-depleted HepG2 cells exhibited hypersensitivity to IR and etoposide treatment with defective checkpoint activation including decreased activation of ATR and phosphorylation of ATR targets. At the molecular level, we found that SENP5 interacted with ATRIP and promoted ATRIP deSUMOylation.Overall, our data suggest that SENP5 is required for HCC cell growth and might be a promising drug target for HCC.

Salinity is one of the major constraints in oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.) production. One of the means to overcome this constraint is the use of plant growth regulators to induce plant tolerance. To study the plant response to salinity in combination with a growth regulator, 5-aminolevulinic acid (ALA), oilseed rape plants were grown hydroponically in greenhouse conditions under three levels of salinity (0, 100, and 200 mM NaCl) and foliar application of ALA (30 mg/l). Salinity depressed the growth of shoots and roots, and decreased leaf water potential and chlorophyll concentration. Addition of ALA partially improved the growth of shoots and roots, and increased the leaf chlorophyll concentrations of stressed plants. Foliar application of ALA also maintained leaf water potential of plants growing in 100 mM salinity at the same level as that of the control plants, and there was also an improvement in the water relations of ALA-treated plants growing in 200 mM. Net photosynthetic rate and gas exchange parameters were also reduced significantly with increasing salinity; these effects were partially reversed upon foliar application with ALA. Sodium accumulation increased with increasing NaCl concentration which induced a complex response in the macro-and micronutrients uptake and accumulation in both roots and leaves. Generally, analyses of macro- (N, P, K, S, Ca, and Mg) and micronutrients (Mn, Zn, Fe, and Cu) showed no increased accumulation of these ions in the leaves and roots (on dry weight basis) under increasing salinity except for zinc (Zn). Foliar application of ALA enhanced the concentrations of all nutrients other than Mn and Cu. These results suggest that under short-term salinity-induced stress (10 days), exogenous application of ALA helped the plants improve growth, photosynthetic gas exchange capacity, water potential, chlorophyll content, and mineral nutrition by manipulating the uptake of Na+.

In this paper, a linear vehicle model with three degrees of freedom is established to study the stability of vehicle rollover due to critical driving manoeuvres. From the linear vehicle model, the stability conditions are determined on the basis of the Routh-Hurwitz criterion, and a so-called dynamic stability factor is defined to reveal the effects of system parameters on the stability of vehicle rollover. In order to demonstrate the theoretical results, two numerical examples are given for the rollover of a sport utility vehicle in cornering and lane-change manoeuvres at a high speed and large steering angle. The stability regions are shown with respect to the vehicle speed and the vehicle parameters, such as the longitudinal distance from the centre of gravity to the front axle, and the steering angle of the front wheel.

Broomrapes (Orohanche spp.) are parasitic weeds that cause significant losses of crop yield. Experiments were conducted to investigate the seed response to the artificial germination stimulant GR 24 in three species of Orobanche subjected to preconditioning under various temperatures, water potentials and with plant growth regulators. The highest germination percentages were observed in Orobanche ramosa, Orohanche aegyptiaca and Orohanche minor seeds conditioned at 18°C for 7 days followed by germination stimulation at 18°C. With the increase of the conditioning period (7, 14, 21 and 28 days), the germination percentage of O. ramosa and O. aegyptiaca progressively decreased. When conditioned at -2 MPa, the germination percentage was lower than at 0 and -1 MPa, especially at 13 and 28°C. Orohanche minor seeds could retain relatively high germination if conditioned at 18, 23 or 28°C, even after significantly extended conditioning periods (up to 84 days). GA 3 (30-100 mg L -1 ), norflurazon and fluridone (10-100 mg L -1 ), and brassinolide (0.5-1.0 mg L -1 ) increased seed germination, while 0.01 mg L -1 uniconazole significantly reduced germination rates of all three Orobanche spp. The promotional effects of GA 3 and norflurazon and the inhibitory effect of uniconazole were evident, even when they were treated for 3 days. Germination of Orobanche seeds was much lower when the unconditioned seeds were directly exposed to GR 24 at 10 -6 M. This early GR 24 -induced inhibition was however alleviated or even eliminated by the inclusion of GA 3 or norflurazon (10-50 mg L -1 ) in the conditioning medium. On the contrary, the inclusion of uniconazole increased the inhibitory effect of GR 24 , particularly in the case of O. ramosa.

The possibility of growing grasses of higher quality than tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) in a continental climate with cold winters, hot summers and low precipitation was investigated with and without irrigation at Taigu, Shanxi, China. Tall fescue was compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and a perennial ryegrass × meadow fescue hybrid cultivar in field swards, managed by cutting, during the year of sowing and in the three subsequent years. Tall fescue persisted satisfactorily throughout the experiment, even without irrigation. With irrigation, the other three grasses persisted satisfactorily to the end of the second harvest year and fairly satisfactorily to the end of the third harvest year. Without irrigation, the other three grasses had incomplete ground cover in the second harvest year and did not recover from the third winter.

The possibility of producing herbage of higher quality than that of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) in a continental climate with cold winters, hot summers and low precipitation was investigated, with and without irrigation, at Taigu, Shanxi, China. Tall fescue was compared with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) and perennial ryegrass × meadow fescue in field swards, managed by cutting, during the year of sowing and in the three subsequent years. Perennial ryegrass yielded well in the year of sowing, but was low yielding subsequently; perennial ryegrass × meadow fescue yielded well in the year of sowing and in the following year. Both of these grasses had high rates of leaf appearance and extension and a high proportion of cell content in the dry matter. Tall fescue yielded well, but was low in proportion of cell content.

In vitro mutagenesis is an important technique which can induce stress tolerance and improve the yield and quality of crop plants. This chapter is an effort to review and compare the useful information obtained through in vitro mutation techniques, including somaclonal variation with the current achievements and future prospects. Plant improvement based on mutations can change one or more specific traits of a cultivar, which can enhance the quality and quantity of crops. Conventional induced mutations have well-defined limitations, especially in crop-breeding applications but the use of in vitro techniques with the conjunction of conventional mutagenesis has overcome this barrier. Tissue culture techniques offer opportunity for variation induction, handling of large populations, use of ready selection methods, and rapid cloning of selected variants which can increase the efficiency of mutagenic treatments. Molecular techniques can provide a better understanding about the potential and limitations of mutation breeding. It is apparent that the relatively high number of research reports compared with the low number of cultivars released suggests that mutagenesis, in combination with tissue culture techniques, needs further coordinated and integrated investigation for the improvement of existing plants. However, in vitro mutation induction has high potential to enhance the crop yields that can be used for the improvement of life style of the mankind. Various stresses cause significant yield losses in crops and significantly affect their productivity; therefore, such techniques can contribute to resolve or reduce some of these constraints. Understanding the mechanism that regulates the expression of stress-related genes is a fundamental issue in plant biology and is utmost necessary for the genetic improvement of plants.

Adenosine and ACh contents in hippocampus, striatum region around the nucleus of basal meynert (NBM) and the frontal and temporal parts of rat cortex were measured by a high performance liquid chromotography-electronic detector (HPLC-ECD). Adenosine content in 18~20 month-old rats was significantly higher than that of 3~6 month-old rats, while ACh content in 18~20 month-old rats was lower than that of 3~6 month-old ones. Learning and memory impairment models were established by induction of SD rats with scopolamine (0.5 mg/kg, ip), which were injected with an adenosine receptor antagonist theophylline (1.0 mg/5 microliter, icv), and the step-down test was performed. The error frequency in the step-down test decreased significantly (P0.05), and the retention time was longer than that of control. Furthermore, ACh content increased in all the three different brain regions. The above results suggest that adenosine may play an important role in senile learning and memory impairment, and theophylline may improve scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment by increasing ACh content. In consequence, theophylline could be a promising drug for ameliorating senile learning and memory impairment.

Hemoglobin-styrene oxide adducts in blood have been studied as a molecular biomarker of worker exposed to styrene. Determination of protein-styrene oxide adducts in different biological samples with modified Raney-Ni procedure is described in this paper. The following biological samples have been investigated: fresh rat blood reacted with styrene oxide in vitro; rat blood reacted with styrene or styrene oxide in vivo; vein blood from workers exposed to styrene in two factories. The data showed that there was a good linear dose-response relationship between reacting dose of styrene oxide or styrene and amount of protein-styrene oxide adducts in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. For human samples, a dose-response relationship between protein adducts and styrene exposure can be found in glass fiber factory, but not in piano manufacture plant.

We actively adopted method to control hepatitis C (HC) epidemic in blood sampling. ELISA was used to detect anti-HCV antibody in different groups of 2348 blood donors. The positive rates of anti-HCV for plasmaphersis and whole blood donors were 0.58% (2/343) and 1.34% (27/2005) respectively, with no statistical significance (P0.05). The positive rates of anti-HCV for plasmapheresis donors in 1-2 years and over 9 years were 0.99% (7/701) and 0.74% (2/270) respectively. There was no significant difference (P0.05) either. The positive rates of anti-HCV for plasmapheresis donors in 1992 and in 1994 were 1.64% (7/426), and 0.58% (2/343). The results showed that HCV infection rate did not increase in plasmapheresis donors, nor did it increase parallel with the increasing gears of blood donnation.

Capillary gas chromatography-thermal energy analysis was used for the study of volatile N-nitrosamines in comestibles. The finding of a comparatively high content of N-nitrosodimethylamine in some Chinese beers confirms the results of other authors. We describe studies of Chinese foods and environmental samples carried out in this laboratory in collaboration with epidemiological groups. The concentrations of N-nitrosamines could be correlated with mortality from digestive cancer.

Broomrapes (Orobanche spp.) are serious root parasitic weeds that cause great damage to crop production in many parts of the world. The study focussed on the influence of plant growth regulators on germination of Orobanche seeds conditioned under suboptimal temperature (at 13 ◦ C) and under water stress (at −1 and −2 MPa). Three widely distributed species of broomrapes (O. aegyptiaca, O. ramosa, and O. minor) were used in the experiments. Exogenous GA3 (10 mg/L), brassinolide (1 mg/L), and fluridone (10 mg/L) significantly increased the broomrape seed response to the germination stimulant GR24 (10 −6 M) even when seeds were first conditioned at a suboptimal temperature and under water stress. The highest germination was obtained when the combined treatments with fluridone and brassinolide, or with GA3 and brassinolide were applied together with the germination stimulant. This indicates that there were additive effects among various plant growth regulators in the regulation of germination response in Orobanche seeds. With the prolongation of conditioning periods under low temperature stress, the restoration capacities of seed germination by a single growth regulator decreased, but the combined treatments of growth regulators retained their positive effects in restoring seed germination. Additional keywords: broomrape (Orobanche spp.), seed conditioning, plant growth regulators, temperature effect, water potential.

The mutagenicity obtained in the absence of activation by mammalian oxidative enzymes in the Ames Salmonella assay of particulates from air or from engine exhaust indicated that these particulates contain chemicals of unrecognized toxic potentials other than unsubstituted polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). Bioassay (strain TA 98, without S-9) directed fractionation and characterization studies of a combined diesel exhaust sample of 225 g organic extracts had been carried out over the last two years in our laboratories for the purpose of identifying those so called “direct-acting” mutagens.