2,139 results on '"Z-scan"'
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2. Growth, structural and optical analysis of sodium sulphamate single crystal for NLO applications.
- Author
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Kumar, Ravinder, Vijayan, N., Gupta, Neha, Khan, Naghma, Kumar, Mahesh, and Gupta, Govind
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SINGLE crystals , *CRYSTAL optics , *EMISSION spectroscopy , *X-ray powder diffraction , *SODIUM - Abstract
The slow evaporation solution growth technique (SEST) was used to successfully grow inorganic single crystals of sodium sulphamate (NaS) in ambient conditions. The titled crystal's structural and optical characteristics were evaluated using a variety of spectroscopic techniques. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy were used to examine the crystal structure characteristics. Using UV-Vis spectroscopy, the optical properties of the NaS crystal were carefully examined, and the optical bandgap was determined using Tauc's plot. The HR-XRD analysis examined crystalline perfection. Additionally, photoluminescence spectroscopy determined the emission spectra, and time-resolved photoluminescence measured the decay rate. The Z -scan technique was also used to examine the titled crystal's nonlinear optical (NLO) performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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3. Determination of nonlinear refractive index of large area monolayer MoS2 at telecommunication wavelength using time-resolved Z-scan technique.
- Author
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Chew, Jing Wen, Chong, Wu Yi, Muniandy, Sithi Vinayakam, Yap, Yuen Kiat, and Ahmad, Harith
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MONOMOLECULAR films , *REFRACTIVE index , *TELECOMMUNICATION , *WAVELENGTHS , *MOLYBDENUM disulfide , *THIN films - Abstract
The nonlinear refractive index of large area monolayer molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) thin film at the 1,550 nm wavelength band is determined using time-resolved z-scan technique. MoS2 exhibits positive nonlinear phase shift with a large nonlinear refractive index, n 2 value of 1. 4 0 × 1 0 − 1 3 m 2 W − 1 . The obtained value is similar to the n 2 value of monolayer MoS2 film measured at 2.0 μ m, and is approximately five and seven orders of magnitude larger than silicon and common bulk dielectrics. The large n 2 indicates that MoS2 can be used as nonlinear refractive 2D material for photonics applications operating in the 1,550 nm optical telecommunications wavelength band. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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4. Crystal Structure, Spectroscopic Analysis, and Nonlinear Optical Properties of Terphenyl‐Based Compound for Optoelectronic Applications.
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Arunkumar, Dandavathi, Swamy, Shashi Kumar Kumara, Bi Sheng, Ooi, Ching Kheng, Quah, Gummagol, Neelamma B., Dsa, Vinitha, and Samshuddin, Seranthimata
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Multi‐aryl compounds, with conjugated backbones having electron donor and acceptor groups, are widely recognized for their significant nonlinearity. In this context, a new terphenyl compound, ethyl‐4″‐chloro‐5′‐hydroxy‐[1,1′:3′,1″‐terphenyl]‐4′‐carboxylate (EHCMT), has been synthesized for potential use as an optoelectronic material. Single crystal X‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of EHCMT revealed a triclinic system with the centrosymmetric space group P1¯${\mathrm{P}}\bar{1}$, providing most accurate description for its crystal structure. The structure of compound was further elucidated through FTIR, NMR (1H, 13C & 2D‐HSQC), and UV–Visible spectroscopic techniques. Hirshfeld surface analysis was employed to examine the magnitude and significance of individual intermolecular interactions in the crystalline arrangement. The third‐order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties were investigated using the Z‐scan technique in a solution phase at 532 nm. The study revealed significant results, namely, nonlinear refraction value of −1.165 × 10−9 cm2 W−1, nonlinear absorption coefficient value of 13.4 × 10−5 cm W−1, and third‐order nonlinear susceptibility value of 0.50 × 10−7 esu. The structural parameters of experimental results were validated by comparing the same with quantum chemical calculations using hybrid functional, namely, Hartree–Fock ‐ Density functional theory (HF–DFT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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5. Crystal structure, third-order nonlinear optical property relationship, density functional theory, and in silico bio activity of organic non-centrosymmetric crystal (E)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one.
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Sateesha, D., Chinnam, Sampath, Ananthnag, Guddekoppa S., Pushpavathi, Itte, Vinitha, G., Serrao, Felcy Jyothi, and Raghavendra, S.
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MOLECULAR docking , *MOLECULAR structure , *NONLINEAR optical materials , *DENSITY functional theory , *BAND gaps - Abstract
Synthesis, crystallization, and in silico docking studies and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of (E)-1-(thiophen-2-yl)-3-(p-tolyl)prop-2-en-1-one (TPT) are outlined in the article. The molecular structure of TPT was established by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction study. The intermolecular interactions in the solid state were analyzed through Hirshfeld surface analysis (HSA). The third-order nonlinear optical properties were explored using open- and closed-aperture Z-scan techniques. The nonlinear co-efficient η2, third-order nonlinear susceptibility χ, and nonlinear absorption co-efficient β for the crystals are found to be 3.76E−10 cm2/W, 4.60E−08 esu, and 2.92E−06 cm/W, respectively. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to optimize the molecular structure and band gap. Frontier orbital calculations showed a band gap of 4.18 eV for TPT and its value is in excellent agreement with the experimental value of 4.12 eV which is calculated by Tauc's plot. To study the substance's effectiveness as an anti-COVID target, in silico docking studies were performed with suitable receptors, and TPT is found to be a promising bioactive drug. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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6. Linear and Nonlinear Optical Characteristics of Bismuth-Modified Lead-Silicate Glasses.
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Bala, Rajni, Sanghi, Sujata, Agarwal, Ashish, Rani, Saroj, and Gaur, Sanjay
- Abstract
Bismuth-modified lead silicate glasses with composition 20PbO∙(80-x)Bi
2 O3 ∙xSiO2 (10 ≤ x ≤ 40 mol%) were fabricated by classical melt-quench technique. The density (D), crystalline volume (VC ), and molar volume (VM ) values decrease with a decrease in bismuth concentration. FTIR spectra suggest the formation of [BiO3 ], [BiO6 ], [SiO4 ], [PbO3 ], and [PbO4 ] structural units. The optical band gap (Eg ) values for the studied glass composition are determined to be between 1.93 and 2.12 eV, while their Urbach energy (∆E) values fall between 0.14 and 0.24 eV. A decrease in values of average electronic oxide polarizability (2.84‒1.62 Å3 ), and optical basicity (1.08‒0.64), predict the increase in the covalence nature of the Bi-O bond with the incorporation of SiO2 in the glass network. The small metallization criterion (0.311 to 0.325) predicts the suitability of the prepared series to be utilized as nonlinear optical materials. The Z-scan approach was utilized to determine the third-order nonlinear optical characteristics, including the nonlinear absorption coefficient (α2 ), nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3) ), and nonlinear refractive index (η2 ). Optical studies reveal that with the decrease in Bi2 O3 content, nonbridging oxygens (NBOs) decrease leads to an increase in bandgap and a drop in the nonlinear refractive index. The dynamic range (DR) and limiting threshold values have also been reported from the optical limiting studies of the prepared glasses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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7. Curcumin Analogue Spectral, Nonlinear Optical Properties and All-optical Switching Using Visible, Low Power Cw Laser Beams.
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Tuma, Fadhil A., Ashoor, M. J., Sultan, H. A., Al-Saymari, F. A., Hassan, Qusay M. A., Alsalim, Tahseen A., Emshary, C. A., and Saeed, Bahjat A.
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NONLINEAR optics , *OPTICAL limiting , *OPTICAL switching , *DIFFRACTION patterns , *OPTICAL properties - Abstract
In this study, we conducted the synthesis and diagnosis of compound denoted as 1A3, specifically, (2E,4E,9E,11E)-7-chloro-2,12-diphenyltrideca-2,4,9,11-tetraene-6,8-dione. The photoluminescent and UV-vis spectral properties of this compound are investigated. The compound is dissolved in both chloroform and DMF for analysis purposes. Compound 1A3's nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics when dissolved in DMF, are extensively studied through a series of experiments including diffraction patterns (DPs) and Z-scan. The optical limiting (OL) property of the 1A3 compound is tested and a threshold value of 12.4 mW at the wavelength 473 nm is obtained. Additionally, we explored its potential for all-optical switching utilizing two low-power visible laser beams. Notably, we achieved a significant nonlinear refractive index (NLRI) reaching up to 5.921 x 10-11 m2/W. To analyze the obtained diffraction patterns, we employed the Fresnel-Kirchhoff integral equation and conducted meticulous simulations. The numerical outcomes showed satisfactory agreement with the experimental observations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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8. Preparation and Third‐Order Nonlinear Optical Properties of Novel Axial Fullerenol‐Substituted Phthalocyanines.
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Xu, Rui, Xu, Haonan, Zhu, Min, Li, Wei, and Zhang, Yunhe
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OPTICAL limiting , *NONLINEAR optics , *CHARGE exchange , *OPTICAL properties , *ABSORPTION coefficients - Abstract
This research presents the optical limiting properties of a novel axially linked D‐A type compound, LaPc‐C60(OH)n, where lanthanide phthalocyanine serves as the donor and fullerenol as the acceptor. The incorporation of fullerenol expands the π‐conjugated system, decreases the aggregation of the phthalocyanine, and significantly increases the solubility of the compound. The establishment of this D‐A system promotes intramolecular electron transfer, effectively improving both the non‐linear optical (NLO) response and optical limiting properties. In addition, homogeneous poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) composite films (LaPc‐C60(OH)n/PMMA) are prepared using a simple solution casting method. Compared to fullerenol or lanthanum phthalocyanine individually, LaPc‐C60(OH)n exhibited a superior NLO response both in solution and in the solid composite film. In particular, LaPc‐C60(OH)n/PMMA demonstrated an increase in the non‐linear absorption coefficient (2050 cm GW−1) and a larger third‐order magnetization (1.84 × 10−8 esu). In addition to exhibiting an excellent NLO response at 532 nm, LaPc‐C60(OH)n also shows significant NLO enhancement at 1064 nm, extending the limiting range into the near‐infrared region. This behavior is attributed to different nonlinear absorption mechanisms and the synergistic effect that arise from the photo‐induced electron transfer process between the fullerenol and LaPc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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9. Enhanced Nonlinear Absorption, Refraction, and Optical Limiting Properties of CsPbI3/TiO2 Nanocomposites for Innovative Nonlinear Optical Devices.
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Sohail, Muhammad, Shen, Xiong, Alam, Intikhab, Ali, Zulfiqar, Razzaq, Nimra, and Ouyang, Qiuyun
- Abstract
The investigation of nonlinear optical (NLO) properties is crucial for the effective application of CsPbI
3 /TiO2 nanocomposites in NLO devices. The CsPbI3 /TiO2 nanocomposites were synthesized by a hot injection method. Then, the CsPbI3 /TiO2 nanocomposites were poured into methyl methacrylate via polymerization to fabricate CsPbI3 /TiO2 /PMMA organic glasses (OGs). The crystal structure and size morphology of the CsPbI3 /TiO2 nanocomposites were examined using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), respectively. The nonlinear absorption (NLA), nonlinear refraction (NLR), and optical limiting (OL) properties of the CsPbI3 /TiO2 /PMMA OGs were investigated by using the Z-scan technique, employing a nanosecond pulse laser operating at a wavelength of 532 nm. The CsPbI3 /PMMA and CsPbI3 /TiO2 /PMMA OGs can be transferred from saturable absorption (SA) to reverse saturable absorption (RSA) by varying the incident energy. In addition, the CsPbI3 /TiO2 /PMMA OGs exhibit superior NLA, NLR, and OL performances compared to the CsPbI3 /PMMA OG and other halide-based perovskites. The enhanced nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of CsPbI3 /TiO2 /PMMA OGs can be ascribed to the cooperative interaction between CsPbI3 and TiO2 . In summary, the results indicate that CsPbI3 /TiO2 nanocomposites possess substantial potential for applications in NLO devices such as optical limiters, optical switches, and optical modulators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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10. Nonlinear Optical Absorption Properties of Molybdenum Selenide Water Solution.
- Author
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Shao, Yabin, Chen, Chen, Xiang, Lingling, Song, Yunfeng, Hong, Yang, He, Fang, and Zhai, Xinping
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NONLINEAR optics , *LIGHT absorption , *OPTICAL properties , *MOLYBDENUM , *PHOTONICS - Abstract
In recent years, with the invention of graphene, two-dimensional materials have received increasing attention. One of these materials, MXene, has been widely used in the field of photonics and non-linear optics due to its special physical properties. In this paper, the non-linear absorption properties of molybdenum selenide (MoSe2) water solution composites at different wavelengths (500–650 nm) are investigated using Z-scan techniques. The experimental and computational results show that the material has strong saturation absorption (SA) properties and that the SA intensity decreases with the increase of wavelength at the same energy. It has potential application prospects in laser technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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11. Optical nonlinearity performance of a new isatin-thiazolidin-4-one hybrid molecule: synthesis, experimental, and DFT studies.
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Emshary, C. A., Jassem, Ahmed Majeed, Hassan, Qusay M. A., Dhumad, Adil Muala, Sultan, H. A., Kadhum, Ayat Jawdat, Hasan, Ayat Naji, Faisal, Noor Hamid, Ibrahim, Ruaa Qasim, Mohammed, Nuha Ayad, Ali, Nuha Waleed, Almashal, Faeza Abdul Kareem, and Tuma, Fadhil A. more...
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OPTICAL switching , *CONTINUOUS wave lasers , *LASER beams , *DIFFRACTION patterns , *REFRACTIVE index - Abstract
In this work, (Z)-2-((E)-(2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)hydrazono)-3-phenylthiazolidin-4-one 7 (C17H12N4O2S) as a hybrid molecule is synthesized under an easy method and analytically ascertained by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, IR, Mass, and UV–vis. spectroscopies. The optimized geometry of the synthesized hybrid molecule 7 is acquired using DFT-assisted calculations involving B3LYP equation with 6-31G(d,p) as a basis set level. At the same level, TD-DFT calculations are performed to collect the theoretical UV–vis. spectrum of the hybrid molecule 7. The nonlinear optical (NLO) properties of the hybrid molecule 7 are studied under irradiation with a cw laser beam. The nonlinear refractive index (NLRI), n2, of the hybrid molecule 7 is estimated via diffraction patterns (DPs) and Z-scan. The all optical switching is tested for the hybrid molecule 7 using two, cw, laser beams. Both static and dynamic all-optical switching are studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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12. Strong Two and Three-Photon Absorption Coefficients of Gold-Doped Titanium Di-Oxide Nanoparticles Achieved by Femtosecond Z-Scan Technique.
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J, Twinkle, M, Sailaja, B, Dipanjan, P, Babuji, V, Rajasekhar, S, Hamad, V, Saikiran, A, Chandrasekhar, P, Kanaka Raju, and Podagatlapalli, G Krishna
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SEMICONDUCTOR nanoparticles , *ABSORPTION coefficients , *LASER pulses , *REFRACTIVE index , *TITANIUM dioxide - Abstract
Titanium dioxide (TiO2) semiconductor nanoparticles (NPs) have promising applications in many fields of science. In particular, as photocatalysts TiO2 NPs are unique for their special optical and electronic properties. Plasmonic metal doping of TiO2 NPs modifies the optical bandgaps of the composite NPs, due to which their applications will be extended in the visible spectral range. In the present study, gold (Au) doped TiO2 NPs (in powder form) were synthesized in the deposition–precipitation method at two different concentrations of Au (25% and 50%). Subsequently, dispersions were prepared by dispersing the Au-TiO2 NPs in ethanol. Nonlinear optical (NLO) studies of the Au-doped TiO2 dispersions (0.25 Au-TiO2, 0.50 Au-TiO2NPs) were carried out by employing the laser pulses of duration ~ 150 fs at a repetition rate ~ 76 MHz, in open aperture (OA) and closed aperture (CA) Z-scan methods. Wavelength-dependent NLO studies of Au-TiO2 NPs (0.25 Au-TiO2, 0.50 Au-TiO2 NPs) have been carried out at different input wavelengths 700 nm, 750 nm, 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, and 950 nm. It was observed that the recorded OA data fit well to three-photon absorption (3PA) for the 0.25 of Au doping, whereas for 0.50 Au-TiO2NPs data fitting was pretty good for two-photon absorption (2PA), for the input wavelengths starting from 800 nm, 850 nm, 900 nm, and 950 nm. At 700 nm, 0.25 Au-TiO2 NPs demonstrated reverse saturable absorption (RSA) in saturable absorption (SA), and 750 nm normalized transmittance exhibited a W-shaped signature (saturation in 2PA). Similarly, 700 nm, 750 nm, and 0.50 Au-TiO2 NPs have illustrated very strong 3PA at the input wavelengths. However, the pure TiO2 NPs in ethanol have demonstrated pure 2PA. CA traces recorded for both 0.25 Au and 0.50 Au TiO2 NPs in ethanol at all mentioned incident wavelengths, demonstrated a negative signature for the intensity dependent refractive index (n2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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13. Rational analysis of hydrogen bonding interaction in phenazine, 2-hydroxynaphthalene (1:1) cocrystal: from molecular modeling to photophysical properties.
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Sundareswaran, T., Jagan, R., Karthikeyan, N., and Boaz, B. Milton
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MOLECULAR shapes , *FRONTIER orbitals , *NONLINEAR optical materials , *HYDROGEN bonding interactions , *MOLECULAR interactions - Abstract
Context: Organic cocrystals have a wide range of applications in the field of optics due to their photo responsive property. We present here a newly synthesized phenazine 2-hydroxynaphthalene (1:1) cocrystal, its structural and theoretical calculations which tend to the nonlinear optical property. In the crystal structure of the title cocrystal, the phenazine and 2-hydroxynaphthalene molecules from one- and two-dimensional supramolecular frameworks via O‒H...N hydrogen bonds and C‒H...N, C‒H...π interaction, respectively. The phenazine molecules from an infinite off-set stacking through π...π interaction in the three-dimensional molecular packing of the title cocrystal. The contribution of intermolecular interaction in the three-dimensional molecular packing and the interaction energy calculation is studied by the Hirshfeld surface analysis. The molecular geometry retrieved from the experimental X-ray diffraction analysis is in good agreement with the theoretically calculated parameters. Further, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) and frontier molecular orbital (FMO) analysis have been carried out to study the charge distribution and molecular reactive mechanism. Third-order nonlinear optical property of the cocrystals has been analyzed by Z-scan measurements. The determined nonlinear optical absorption coefficient value 6.442 × 10−05 (m/W) and the nonlinear refractive index value − 5.535 × 10−2 (m/W) suggest that the crystalline solid can be a good choice of potential nonlinear optical material. Method: The crystal structures of phenazine 2-hydroxynaphthalene cocrystal was solved by direct methods procedure using SHELXS program and refined by full-matrix least square procedure on F2 using SHELXL-2018 program on Olex2 software. The computational calculation has been carried out using DFT/B3LYP quantum chemical function with triple zeta 6–311 + + basis set in the ground state molecular stability using Gaussian 09W program suite. The Hirshfeld surface analysis mapping, associated 2D fingerprint plot, and intermolecular molecular interaction energy calculations were carried out using CrystalExplorer (version 21.5) software. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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14. Third-order non-linear optical switching and threshold limiting of NiO thin films
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Sourav Bhakta, Rudrashish Panda, and Pratap Kumar Sahoo
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Non-linear ,DFT ,Optical limiting ,NiO ,Z-scan ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract This study discusses the nonlinear optical properties of as-grown and annealed NiO thin films using the Z-scan technique utilizing the femtosecond laser pulses at a repetition rate of 100 kHz of wavelength 1030 nm with a pulse duration of 370 fs. In open aperture measurements, pristine reveal saturable absorption (SA) with a negative sign of nonlinearity, while annealed samples exhibit reverse saturable absorption (RSA) with a positive sign of nonlinearity. In closed aperture conditions, all samples show prefocal minima and postfocal maxima, indicating self-focusing behavior. The observed RSA phenomena are attributed to the indirect two-photon absorption (TPA) process. The influence of surface plasmon resonance on nonlinear absorption is successfully ruled out due to insufficient excitation energy (1.20 eV) to induce resonance in the samples. The increase in bandgap with annealing temperature, associated with indirect TPA, is elucidated with the shifting of Ni- $$d_{x^2-y^2}$$ d x 2 - y 2 and Ni- $$d_{z^2}$$ d z 2 orbitals in the conduction band, under the framework of Density Functional Theory (DFT). The DFT results are correlated with the observed nonlinear SA and RSA processes. The Ni d-d and Ni-d to O-p transitions contribute to the modulation of nonlinearity in the indirect TPA process. The study suggests that the sample annealed at 400 °C exhibits superior optical limiting properties with the highest nonlinear absorption coefficients compared to the other annealed sample, while the as-grown sample is suitable for passive Q-switching applications. more...
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- 2024
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15. Investigation of pure, EDTA and DTPA-doped DAST single crystal for optoelectronic applications.
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Manivannan, M., Saranraj, A., Jose, M., and Dhas, S. A. Martin Britto
- Abstract
The growth of optically good quality bulk size single crystal of pure and additives added 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4-N-methyl stilbazolium tosylate (DAST) crystal is reported by adopting the conventional slow evaporation solution technique. The grown single crystals were identified by single crystal and power X-ray Diffraction analysis. The luminescence study revealed the transition mechanism of ions. By estimating the hardness, Mayer index, yield strength, elastic stiffness constant, fracture toughness, and brittle index for the grown DAST single crystal using the Vickers micro-hardness analyzer, it is revealed that the grown crystal is a soft material. Using a continuous wave Nd-YAG laser and the standard Z-scan technique, the third-order nonlinearity of the pure and doped DAST single crystal was carefully examined. The third-order nonlinear optical properties show significantly higher values of the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ
3 ). The calculated χ3 of grown pure, EDTA, and DTPA doped DAST crystals are 9.41 × 10−6 , 8.06 × 10−6 and 7.92 × 10−6 , respectively. The enhanced third-order nonlinear behavior suggests that the title compound is suitable for nonlinear optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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16. Enhanced Femtosecond Nonlinear Optical Susceptibility and Terahertz Conductivity in MoSe2‐Noble Metal Nanocomposites.
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Mondal, Koushik, Haldar, Amit, Pramanik, Ashim, Layek, Rashbihari, Banerjee, Dipanjan, Soma, Venugopal Rao, Pal, Shovon, and Kumbhakar, Pathik
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OPTICAL susceptibility , *HYBRID materials , *METALLIC composites , *PRECIOUS metals , *NANOCOMPOSITE materials , *FEMTOSECOND pulses , *CHARGE transfer , *CHARGE carrier mobility - Abstract
Creating heterojunctions or composites by incorporating noble metals offers a remarkable means to modulate the electronic charge transfer and the nonlinear optical (NLO) properties in 2D transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs). The response of such 2D‐TMDC‐noble metal composites to femtosecond (fs) infrared (IR) and terahertz (THz) radiation, however, remains vastly unexplored. While the linear optical characteristics of a prototypical 2D‐TMDC, namely, MoSe2 nanosheets incorporated with noble metal (such as Au, Pt, and Ag) nanoparticles in the UV–Vis and the THz spectral range, the NLO characteristics are measured using a 70‐fs pulse at 800 nm excitation is investigated. The results demonstrate a clear reduction of band gap with the incorporation of noble metals in MoSe2, indicating an effective charge transfer mechanism at play. Notably, the MoSe2‐noble metal nanocomposites depicted a significant enhancement in the THz conductivities. In addition, a dramatic 4‐fold enhancement in the third‐order nonlinear coefficient and ≈2‐fold enhancement in the third‐order NLO susceptibility is achieved in MoSe2‐Ag nanocomposite. These results univocally suggest that the noble metal‐based composites with suitable charge transfer channels promote enhanced carrier mobilities and tunable electron transfer dynamics, making these hybrid materials promising candidates for optoelectronic applications both at IR and THz frequencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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17. XRD, Electrical, Mechanical, Second and Third-Order NLO Studies of L-Leucinium Perchlorate Crystal.
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Arul Tresa, M., Helina, B., and Vella Durai, S. C.
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X-ray diffraction ,PERCHLORATES ,MECHANICAL behavior of materials ,ELECTRIC properties of crystals ,LEUCINE ,NONLINEAR optics - Abstract
L-Leucine and Perchloric Acid were combined in a 1:1 molar ratio to synthesize L-Leucinium Perchlorate (LLPC) salt, which was subsequently grown into single crystals using a solution method and slow evaporation process. Characterization of the LLPC crystal involved techniques including single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), mechanical analysis, dielectric studies, Second Harmonic Generation (SHG) study, Z-scan study, and LDT study. SHG efficiency of the sample, was found to exceed that of potassium dihydrogen orthophosphate (KDP). Mechanical properties such as hardness, yield strength, work hardening coefficient, and stiffness constant were determined for the crystal. XRD analysis confirmed monoclinic crystallization of the LLPC crystal. The findings from numerous investigations were examined and discussed in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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18. Unveiling Optical Nonlinearity: Exploring Nickel‐Curcumin Complexes through Z‐Scan and Degenerate Four Wave Mixing Techniques.
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Nawaz, S. Shakeel, Manjunatha, K. B., Ranganatha, S., Supriya, S., Rajendrachari, Shashanka, and Dileep, R.
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OPTICAL limiting , *OPTICAL susceptibility , *ABSORPTION coefficients , *LIGANDS (Chemistry) - Abstract
Two Curcumin (Cur) based mixed ligand complexes of Nickel have been investigated for their optical nonlinearity (NLO). Physicochemical characterization of two nickel precursors and their interaction with curcumin produced two molecules, namely Ni(C3S5)(Cur).2H2O (abbreviated as NiThCur) and NiCl(Cur)(PPh3) (abbreviated as NiTppCur). Additionally the Conceptual‐Density‐Functional‐Theory (CDFT) studies were performed. CDFT‐based optimization parameters of both molecules are theoretically interpreted. HOMO‐LUMO energy gap of NiThCur and NiTppCur were calculated 1.474 eV and 2.744 eV respectively. Both molecules demonstrated good NLO activities, studied by a Z‐scan approach and additionally with a Differential Four wave Mixing (DFWM) technique. Preliminarily investigations showed that the molecules can be potential optical limiters (OL). These studies divulge the exhibition of a 3‐photon absorption (3PA) mechanism by the synthesized molecules. NLO absorption 3PA coefficient (γ) value of 1.34×10−24 m3/W2, third‐order optical susceptibility (χ(3)) value of 1.543×10−11 esu, and the figure of merit 6.64×10−14 esu was observed for the NiThCur complex and γ=3.61×10−24 m3/W2, χ(3)=1.521×10−11 esu, and FoM=5.61×10−14 esu for NiTppCur with Z‐scan (γ and χ(3)) and DFWM methods, respectively. Normalized transmittance (NT) exhibited a decrease to 78.5 % from 100 % in NiThCur and to 69.5 % in NiTppCur. Optical limiting calculations are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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19. Third-order nonlinearity and functional data analysis of ADP-doped PVA/PVP polymer composites.
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Gowtham, G. K., Somashekarappa, H., and Somashekar, R.
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FUNCTIONAL analysis , *OPTICAL limiting , *ABSORPTION coefficients , *POLYMERS , *X-ray diffraction - Abstract
The structural dependence of nonlinear optical properties associated with ADP-doped PVA/PVP polymer composites is discussed in this work. Polymer composites are fabricated using the solution casting method. X-ray diffraction (XRD) was used to perform structural analysis on these samples whose average crystallite size increases with an increase in dopant concentration. Results from UV–Vis–NIR spectra show that the samples are transparent in the IR region. The Z-scan technique was established by following the method described by Sheik-Bahae et al. The shape of the open aperture plot suggests that the samples exhibit two-photon absorption. The NLO properties such as nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) , two-photon absorption cross-section ( σ 2) and the imaginary part of third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ (3)) were investigated at 1064 nm and these values were found to be in the order of ∼ 1 0 − 7 W/cm, ∼ 1 0 − 2 0 cm4/GW and ∼ 1 0 − 1 4 esu, respectively. The open aperture Z-scan method yielded optical limiting data, from which the optical limiting threshold was calculated to be in the order of ∼ 1 0 1 3 W/m2. Functional data analysis uses a suitable basis representation to assess the functional correlation between global and local variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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20. Extraction of Natural Pigment Curcumin from Curcuma Longa: Spectral, DFT, Third-order Nonlinear Optical and Optical Limiting Study.
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Deepa, S., Madhu, S., Devasenan, S., Murali, G., Pancharatna, Pattath D., Maaza, M., Kaviyarasu, K., and Jeyaram, S.
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OPTICAL limiting , *CURCUMIN , *NEGATIVE refraction , *TURMERIC , *ABSORPTION coefficients , *REFRACTIVE index , *SEMICONDUCTOR diodes - Abstract
Herein, we report the extraction of natural pigment curcumin from curcuma longa and their linear and third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) characteristics. The characterization techniques viz., UV–Visible absorption, FT-IR, Micro Raman and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrum (GC–MS) are used to study the spectral characteristics of curcumin. Third-order NLO features of curcumin are studied using Z‒scan technique with a semiconductor diode laser working at 405 nm wavelength. The natural pigment exhibits negative nonlinear index of refraction resulting from self-defocusing and positive coefficient of absorption is the consequence of reverse saturable absorption (RSA). The order of nonlinear index of refraction (n2) and nonlinear coefficient of absorption (β) is measured to be 10−7 cm2/W and 10−2 cm/W, respectively. Third-order NLO susceptibility (χ(3)) and second-order hyperpolarizability (γ) of curcumin is measured to be 2.73 × 10‒7 esu and 1.67 × 10‒31 esu, respectively. A low optical limiting (OL) threshold of 0.71 mW is observed in the extracted pigment. The experimental results are supplemented by quantum mechanical calculations of the NLO parameters. The overall result finding is that curcumin extracted from curcuma longa has the potential to be novel optical candidates for photonics and optoelectronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
- Full Text
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21. Synthesis of Azo-BE: nonlinear optical properties studies at visible, cw, laser beams.
- Author
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Al-Hamdani, Uhood J., Hassan, Qusay M. A., Hashim, Ayat K., Sultan, H. A., Alsalim, T. A., and Emshary, C. A.
- Abstract
4-((6-Methylbenzo[d]thiazol-2-yl)diazenyl)phenyl 4-chlorobenzoate(Azo-BE) is synthesized and characterized using 1HNMR and 13CNMR, mass spectra, differential scanning calorimetry, optimized structure and calculation of HOMO (H) and LUMO (L) and gap energy. The Azo-BE nonlinear optical properties using cw laser beam of wavelength 473 nm are studied. The nonlinear refraction index, n2, of Azo-BE is calculated using the same wavelength via the diffraction patterns and Z-scan. n2 value of 3.121 × 10–11 m2/W is obtained. It appears that Azo-BE bare no nonlinear absorption coefficient, β, at 473 nm beam and power input used. All optical switching, static and dynamic, are tested in Azo-BE using 473 and 532 nm laser beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
- Full Text
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22. Synthesize of an Azo Compound: Investigation its Optical Nonlinear Properties and DFT Study
- Author
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Ismael, Sadiq M. H., Hashim, Numan S., Al-Saymari, F. A., Sultan, H. A., Hassan, Qusay M. A., Hussein, Kawkab Ali, Emshary, C. A., and Jarallah, Hanadi M.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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23. Synthesis and nonlinear optical responses of Ag: ZnO core: shell nanoparticles induced by Z-scan technique
- Author
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Jassim, Nadia Mohammed
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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24. Study of Solvent Dependent on Third-Order Nonlinear Optical and Thermo-Optic Coefficient of Malachite Green Dye
- Author
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Arunsankar, N. Srinivasan, Dileepan, A. G. Bharathi, Arumugam, Natarajan, Almansour, Abdulrahman I., and Jeyaram, S.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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25. A Comparative Study of the Nonlinear Optical Properties of CaO Nanoparticles and rGO-CaO Nanocomposites
- Author
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Rekha, S., Sreeja, V. G., Vinitha, G., and Anila, E. I.
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- 2024
- Full Text
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26. Exploring the impact of thin film thicknesses on the linear and nonlinear optical properties of ZrO2 thin film
- Author
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Alattar, Ammar S., Nadafan, Marzieh, and Khashehchi, Morteza
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- 2024
- Full Text
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27. Rb0.25Cs0.75PbBr3/ZnO Nanocomposites with Enhanced Nonlinear Absorption and Refraction Properties for Nonlinear Optical Devices.
- Author
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Bian, Limin, Chen, Lin, Shen, Xiong, Wei, Jinhe, Hu, Fei, Wang, Zhongming, Lv, Chenglong, Peng, Xin, and Ouyang, Qiuyun
- Abstract
Nonlinear optical (NLO) properties and environmental stability are two important issues in the application of Rb
0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 /ZnO nanocomposites for NLO devices. We present an easy-to-operate and efficient approach to improving these two issues. The Rb0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 /ZnO nanocomposites were synthesized by a hot injection method. The ZnO, Rb0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 quantum dots (QDs) and Rb0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 /ZnO nanocomposites were dispersed into methyl methacrylate (MMA) to fabricate the (ZnO)4 /polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), (Rb0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 )4 /PMMA, and (Rb0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 /ZnO)4 /PMMA organic glasses (OGs). The nonlinear absorption (NLA) and nonlinear refraction (NLR) properties of the samples were investigated by using the open-aperture and closed-aperture Z-scan technique. The results showed that the NLO properties of the (Rb0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 /ZnO)4 /PMMA OG were significantly improved compared with those of (ZnO)4 /PMMA and (Rb0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 )4 /PMMA OGs, which can be attributed to the positive synergistic effects between ZnO and Rb0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 QDs. Due to the protective effect of PMMA, the linear absorption properties of the (Rb0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 /ZnO)4 /PMMA OG showed little change after 28 days to 4 months. In general, the results demonstrate that Rb0.25 Cs0.75 PbBr3 /ZnO nanocomposites have enormous application potential in NLO devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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28. ITO-Induced Nonlinear Optical Response Enhancement of Titanium Nitride Thin Films.
- Author
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Lu, Peng, Yan, Tingzhen, Huang, Jialei, Xing, Tian, Liu, Hao, Han, Zhaoxia, Xu, Xueke, and Tao, Chunxian
- Subjects
- *
TITANIUM nitride films , *TITANIUM , *FINITE differences , *THIN films , *ABSORPTION coefficients , *BUFFER layers - Abstract
A series of TiN/ITO composite films with various thickness of ITO buffer layer were fabricated in this study. The enhancement of optical properties was realized in the composite thin films. The absorption spectra showed that absorption intensity in the near-infrared region was obviously enhanced with the increase of ITO thickness due to the coupling of surface plasma between TiN and ITO. The epsilon-near-zero wavelength of this composite can be tuned from 935 nm to 1895 nm by varying the thickness of ITO thin films. The nonlinear optical property investigated by Z-scan technique showed that the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β = 3.03 × 10−4 cm/W) for the composite was about 14.02 times greater than that of single-layer TiN films. The theoretical calculations performed by finite difference time domain were in good agreement with those of the experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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29. Hyperconjugation and Hydrogen Bonding Interactions Effect with the Nonlinear Optical Features of 4-Chlorophenoxy Acetonitrile: An Experimental and DFT Methodology.
- Author
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Ganapathi Raman, R. and Preeda, P.
- Subjects
- *
HYDROGEN bonding interactions , *ACETONITRILE , *FRONTIER orbitals , *HYPERCONJUGATION , *OPTICAL rotation , *NATURAL orbitals - Abstract
The compound 4-cholorophenoxy acetonitrile (CPAN) was examined using Nonlinear optical properties in the current study. With the aid of normal coordinate analysis and the SQMFF methodology, vibrational analysis of FT-IR and FT-Raman has been conducted. Natural bond orbital analysis is used to analyze the electronic stability of the compound created by hyper conjugative contacts and charge delocalization, and the Frontier molecular orbital energy gap confirms the molecule's optical activity. ESP recognizes the nucleophilic and electrophilic areas of molecules, and the chemical implication of molecules was explained using ELF, LOL. Third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) investigations are carried out on a CPAN crystal using the Z-scan technique, and optical properties are established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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30. Synthesis, characterization and nonlinear optical properties of new azo compound using CW laser beam.
- Author
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Hussein, Kawkab Ali, Sultan, H. A., Aljaber, Afrah Abdul-Radha'e Mahdi, Hassan, Qusay M. A., and Emshary, C. A.
- Subjects
- *
CONTINUOUS wave lasers , *OPTICAL properties , *LASER beams , *AZO compounds , *OPTICAL switching - Abstract
An azo compound, T-3OCH3, is synthesized and diagnostics using 1H and 13C NMR and mass spectroscopies. The compound theoretical structure is optimized via the DFT/WB97XD approach with a 6-31+G(d,p) basis set level. The compound nonlinear optical properties are studied under irradiation with a visible CW laser beam via diffraction patterns and the Z-scan. As high as 6.739 × 10−11 m2/W of the nonlinear refraction index is obtained. Static and dynamic all-optical switching are tested in the synthesized compound using two visible CW laser beams. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
- Full Text
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31. Environmental effect on optical properties of bromothymol blue: experimental and simulation.
- Author
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Shoraka, Maryam, Roknabadi, Mahmood Rezaee, Shahtahmassebi, Nasser, and Sharifi, Soheil
- Subjects
- *
OPTICAL properties , *PERMITTIVITY , *ABSORPTION coefficients , *BAND gaps , *THERMAL conductivity , *SPECTROPHOTOMETERS , *REFRACTIVE index , *DIPOLE moments - Abstract
The effects of environmental properties on the linear and nonlinear response of Bromothymol blue (BTB) were studied. The role of the optical band gap and dielectric constant, as well as thermal conductivity, on the optical properties of the BTB molecule and the BTB complex with cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB) were discussed using a Z-scan instrument with a wavelength of 532 nm and power of 80 mW, a spectrophotometer, and FT-IR spectra. The orders of the nonlinear absorption coefficient, β, and the nonlinear refractive index, n2, of BTB were obtained as 10−7 cm/W and 10−12 cm2/W, respectively. The main factor in the appearance of β is reverse saturable absorption. It was observed that an enhancement of up to 5 times in the dielectric constant of the environment caused a reduction of about 6 times in the nonlinear absorption and about 2 times in the nonlinear refraction coefficient of the solution. Moreover, the CTAB complex can reduce the optical band gap of BTB by 0.7 eV and also absorbs light in the 600 to 700 nm wavelength. Therefore, it is a promising candidate for photodynamic therapy. Results of DFT calculations performed via the B3LYP method and the 6-311G(d,p) basis show an enhancement of the dipole moment of BTB with an increase in the dielectric constant of the environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
- Full Text
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32. Experimental investigations on nonlinear absorption and refraction of LN/PMMA nanocomposites as a function of electric field.
- Author
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Debnath, Chiranjit, Kar, Sujan, Verma, Sunil, and Majumder, Shovan K
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRIC fields , *CONTINUOUS wave lasers , *NANOCOMPOSITE materials , *METHYL methacrylate , *LITHIUM niobate , *ABSORPTION , *REFRACTIVE index - Abstract
Lithium niobate (LiNbO3; LN), is an important photonics material. In this article, nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction properties of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), 0.10 wt% LN/PMMA nanocomposites have been investigated through Z-scan technique using a continuous wave laser (632.8 nm wavelength) of Gaussian intensity profile. For preparing the nanocomposites, nearly stoichiometric LN nanoparticles were used. Since LN is a polar material, Z-scan experiments were performed on 0.10 wt% LN/PMMA nanocomposites prepared under different strengths of electric field to study the influence of the electric field on the above nonlinear optical properties of the prepared samples. On dispersing LN nanoparticles into the PMMA matrix, switching from reverse saturable to saturable absorption, and self-defocusing to self-focusing nonlinearity was observed. It was found that the value of nonlinear parameters, namely saturable intensity (IS) and nonlinear refractive index (n2) of LN/PMMA nanocomposites can be tailored with the help of an external electric field during nanocomposite preparation. In the case of n2, an inversion of the sign was also found beyond the threshold strength of the electric field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
- Full Text
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33. Low-power Z-scan study of nonlinear refractive index and absorption coefficient of acid blue 129 dye-doped polymer thin film.
- Author
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Jeyaram, S
- Subjects
- *
REFRACTIVE index , *ABSORPTION coefficients , *THIN films , *POLYMER films , *CONTINUOUS wave lasers , *DYES & dyeing , *PHOTOACOUSTIC spectroscopy - Abstract
This article reports the nonlinear refractive index (n2) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) of acid blue 129 (AB 129) dye-doped polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) thin film with different dye concentrations using Z-scan technique. The experimental technique consists of a continuous wave laser with 5 mW power working at 635 nm wavelength. The normalized transmittance curve suggests that the dye-doped polymer film exhibits a self-defocusing nonlinear index of refraction and a large nonlinear absorption coefficient ascribed to the behaviour of reverse saturable absorption. The order of third-order NLO susceptibility of the sample is estimated to be 10‒5 esu. The dye-doped polymer films show a low-limiting threshold of 0.15 kW cm–2 at 0.04 mM dye concentration and believed that the prepared thin film is a suitable candidate for application in optical limiting. The self-diffraction pattern is observed at far-field and estimated the nonlinear refractive index of the thin film using this technique. The results of the nonlinear refractive index of the sample obtained from the self-diffraction method are comparable with Z-scan results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Facile Z-scan determination of nonlinear refractive index and absorption coefficient of dye-doped polymer film.
- Author
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Deepa, C and Jeyaram, S
- Subjects
- *
POLYMER films , *ABSORPTION coefficients , *REFRACTIVE index , *DYES & dyeing , *OPTICAL limiting , *OPTICAL susceptibility , *OPTOELECTRONICS - Abstract
Herein, we report the nonlinear refractive index and nonlinear absorption coefficient of anthraquinone dye (disperse blue 14)-doped polymer film using a facile Z-scan technique. The Z-scan studies were carried out using a semiconductor diode laser with a constant power output of 5 mW at a wavelength of 635 nm as the source of excitation. The Z-scan technique consists of closed and open aperture methods, which revealed the self-defocusing and reverse saturable absorption mechanisms based optical nonlinearity. The third-order nonlinear optical susceptibility (χ(3)) of dye-doped polymer film was estimated to be in the order of 10–5 esu. Optical limiting (OL) behaviour of the polymer film with different dye concentrations was performed under the same experimental conditions and found to be a low OL threshold of 1.45 × 102 W cm–2 at 0.04 mM dye concentration. Self-diffraction ring pattern of the polymer film was also noticed in the far field. The overall results found that the dye-doped polymer film is a potential material for photonics and optoelectronics applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Exploring the Properties of Potassium Chromium Sulphate Single Crystal—An Effective Third-Order Nonlinear Optical Material for Optical Limiting and Switching Applications.
- Author
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Thilaga, K., Selvarajan, P., and Kader, S. M. Abdul
- Abstract
A large NLO single crystal of potassium chromium sulphate (PCS) has been grown by slow evaporation solution technique. Powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) analysis reveals that the grown crystal crystallizes in a cubic crystal system with a centrosymmetric space group of PCS single crystal. The SEM image shows the formation of block structures over the surface of the PCS crystal. The impedance study was performed for PCS crystal about the frequency at various temperatures to measure the electrical characteristics of the material. From the results, it has been observed that when the temperature rises, the bulk resistance decreases prompting an increase in the DC conductivity. Z-scan studies were used to assess the third-order nonlinear optical characteristics. The results show noticeably higher values for the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β = 7.615 × 10
−6 m/W), nonlinear refractive index (− 1.6203 × 10−12 m2 /W), and the third-order nonlinear susceptibility (χ3 = 1.078 × 10−10 esu). The material exhibits self-defocusing due to its negative nonlinear refractive index, which is a key feature for optical limiting and switching applications. The excellent third-order nonlinear behaviour indicates that the PCS single crystal is appropriate for nonlinear optical applications. The intermolecular interactions of the PCS molecule were executed using the Hirshfeld surface study. PCS crystal shows good antimicrobial activity against various standard pathogens (E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. 二硒化钼/石墨烯复合材料的非线性光学性质.
- Author
-
祖艳丽, 李婉璐, 刘 佳, 林 珊, 李 森, and 贺春英
- Abstract
Molybdenum diselenide/graphene(MoSe2/rGO) composite was synthesized by a facile solvothermal reaction, and the molybdenum diselenide/graphene/polyvinyl alcohol(MoSe2/rGO/PVA) film was further prepared by simple drop casting technique. The structure, morphology, component and absorption characteristics of MoSe2/rGO composite were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, raman spectra, fourier transform infrared spectrometry, transmission electron microscope, X-ray photoelectron spectrometer and ultraviolet visible spectrophotometer. The third order nonlinear optical(NLO) properties of MoSe2/rGO solution and film were investigated using the Z-scan technique at 1064 and 532 nm with 4 ns laser pulses. The results demonstrate that the third order NLO properties of MoSe2/rGO/PVA film was larger than that of the MoSe2 solution, MoSe2/rGO solution and MoSe2 film. The MoSe2/rGO/PVA film exhibits much larger nonlinear absorption coefficient with incident energy of 25 μJ at 532 nm. The results pave the way for the application of transition metal dichalcogenides/graphene composite in the optical limiting and laser mode-locking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Microwave-assisted extraction of betanin from beta vulgaris and their characterization and applications to nonlinear optics.
- Author
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Sujitha, S. Daisylin Anbu and Jeyaram, S.
- Abstract
Herein, we report the third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) features of the natural pigment betanin extracted from beta vulgaris (beet root) using microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technique. The natural pigment betanin is examined via, UV–visible absorption, photoluminescence, FT-IR and
1 H NMR spectroscopic techniques, respectively. Third-order NLO features of the extracted natural pigment are scrutinized by low-power CW diode laser at 532 nm wavelength. Betanin shows negative nonlinear index of refraction (n2 ) and positive nonlinear coefficient of absorption (β) owing to self-defocusing and reverse saturable absorption (RSA) behavior. The order of magnitude of n2 and β of betanin is measured to be 10−11 (m2 /W) and 10−4 (m/W), respectively. The results firmly suggest that the natural pigment betanin extracted from red beet root is a novel optical candidate for future photonics and optoelectronics optical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Enhanced optical third-harmonic generation in phase-engineered nanostructured Zn1− x Cd x S thin films for optoelectronic device applications.
- Author
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Bairy, Raghavendra, Vijeth, H, Rajesh, K, Kulkarni, Suresh D, Gummagol, Neelamma, and Murari, M S
- Subjects
- *
OPTOELECTRONIC devices , *THIN film devices , *THIRD harmonic generation , *THIN films analysis , *PHYSICAL vapor deposition , *FIELD emission electron microscopy - Abstract
A polycrystalline nanostructured thin film of zinc cadmium sulfide was meticulously fabricated on a glass substrate using the thermal evaporation method physical vapor deposition within a vacuum chamber. Different doping concentrations were introduced by varying the cadmium (Cd) content, resulting in Zn1- x Cd x S films with Cd concentrations ranging from x = 0.00–0.20 wt %. The impact of Cd doping on the third-order nonlinear optical (TONLO) properties of these films was thoroughly studied using the Z -scan method, employing a diode-pumped solid-state continuous-wave laser. To gain insight into the structural characteristics, the Zn1- x Cd x S thin films underwent analysis through x-ray diffraction. Optical studies confirmed the tunability of the optical band gap (Eg) in the Zn1- x Cd x S films, ranging from 3.88 eV for undoped ZnS to 2.80 eV for the film fabricated with 20 wt. % of Cd-content. This significant reduction in 'Eg' renders the films highly suitable for use as absorbing layers in applications such as solar cells and optoelectronics. Surface morphology analysis, performed via field emission scanning electron microscopy, revealed noticeable alterations with increased Cd doping. Significantly, the doped films exhibited a substantial redshift in the band edge and an increase in transmittance within the visible and near-infrared regions. The investigation of TONLO properties, including the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β), nonlinear refractive index (n 2) and susceptibility χ (3), yielded values ranging from 3.15 × 10−3 to 8.16 × 10−3 (cm W−1), 1.65 × 10−8 to 7.45 x 10–8 (cm2 W−1), and 3.12 × 10−5 to 7.86 × 10−5 (esu), respectively. These results indicate the presence of self-defocusing nonlinearity in the films. Overall, the outcomes underscore the potential of Cd-doped ZnS nanostructures in modifying surface morphology and enhancing NLO characteristics. Zn1- x Cd x S thin films exhibit promise for applications in nonlinear optical devices, as evidenced by these encouraging findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Properties of nonlinear optical absorption and refraction of rapidly grown KDP crystals.
- Author
-
Zhang, Liyuan, Wang, Shenglai, Li, Tingbin, Zhu, Liping, and Ye, Zhizhen
- Subjects
- *
REFRACTION (Optics) , *LIGHT absorption , *OPTICAL properties , *POTASSIUM dihydrogen phosphate , *ABSORPTION coefficients - Abstract
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KDP) single crystals grown under different conditions were obtained by the "point seed" technique. Third-order nonlinear optical properties of type-II samples which were prepared from the pyramidal and prismatic sections of crystal, respectively, were systematically investigated using the Z-scan technique at λ = 532 nm. Some heat-treated samples have been studied simultaneously. The results show that the nonlinear optical absorption and nonlinear optical refraction have been reflected, meanwhile, the nonlinear refractive index (n 2) is positive, suggesting the generation of self-focusing effect. Furthermore, the results indicate that the nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction were associated with the growth conditions of the crystal. The prismatic sample grown under the relatively low growth temperature range (45∼25 °C) and small supersaturation (4 %) possessed a smaller nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) and n 2 (β= 4.73 × 10−13 m/W, n 2 = 2.82 × 10−13 esu) than that of the others. In addition, the values of nonlinear absorption and nonlinear refraction of the samples can be further reduced after thermal annealing. These results may provide an assist to understand the mechanism of laser-induced damage of KDP crystals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Tamm Plasmon-Mediated Tunable Absorption Switching in Atomically Precise Pt17 Nanoclusters for Nonlinear Photonic Applications.
- Author
-
Satheesan, Athulya Kadeprath, Puthiya Purayil, Nikhil, Singh, Jatinderbir, and Keloth, Chandrasekharan
- Abstract
Metal nanoclusters, created with atomic precision, are an exceptional class of ultrasmall molecule-like functional materials with wide applications in nonlinear nanophotonics. These ultrasmall clusters exhibit intriguing quantum size effects, leading to discrete energy levels and size-dependent optical and electronic properties. The effective integration of nanoclusters in photonic structures can improve their nonlinear optical properties by promoting a stronger light–matter interaction. In this paper, we demonstrate Tamm cavity-induced nonlinear optical characteristics of ligand-protected platinum-17 metal nanoclusters. The spectral tunability of the Tamm resonance mode is explored by controlling parameters, such as the number of bilayers, spacer layer thickness, and metal characteristics. The nanosecond nonlinear optical studies demonstrate excellent nonlinear absorption properties, attributed to the coupling of Tamm plasmons with the nanoclusters. Notably, a switching behavior in the intensity-dependent absorption coefficient is observed at resonant and off-resonant excitations, suggesting potential applications in optical switching and tunable nonlinear filters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Benzimidazolium gallate: organic crystal for photonic and optoelectronic applications.
- Author
-
Catherine, P., Gunasekaran, B., and Praveen Kumar, P.
- Subjects
- *
PHOTONIC crystals , *UNIT cell , *SCANNING electron microscopes , *DIFFERENTIAL scanning calorimetry , *INFRARED spectra , *OPTOELECTRONIC devices , *EPIGALLOCATECHIN gallate - Abstract
Solvent evaporation was used to create a novel organic Schiff-based optical crystal of Benzimidazolium gallate (BGA). The size of unit cells was determined using X-ray diffraction analysis. Fourier transform infra-red spectrum analysis revealed chemical bonds' vibrational behavior and their functional groups' existence. Optical transparency and optical bandgap (3.66 eV) were observed by the UV–visible-near infrared spectral analysis. Differential scanning calorimetry curves show that decomposition is exhibited at 215 °C. Dielectric experiments on the BGA crystal were performed at ambient temperature. High-resolution scanning electron microscope analysis shows the crystal's nature and surface shape. The Z-scan process explored the BGA crystal's nonlinearity, and the crystal is suitable for photonic, optoelectronic, and optical-limiting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Vibrational spectroscopic, structural, linear and third-order nonlinear optical properties of isoniazid-vanillin hybrid.
- Author
-
Sudha, N., Surendran, R., and Jeyaram, S.
- Abstract
The isoniazid-vanillin hybrid (IVH), a Schiff base compound is synthesized and its vibrational spectral properties, structural, linear and third-order nonlinear optical (TNLO) characteristics are studied. IVH is examined by
1 H and13 C NMR, FT-IR and mass spectroscopic techniques. Solvent dependent TNLO properties are studied by Z–scan technique for which a 5 mW power CW diode laser with 650 nm wavelength is used. The order of nonlinear refractive index (n2 ) and nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) is measured to be 10−7 cm2 /W and 10−3 cm/W, respectively. The sample exhibits both positive and negative nonlinear absorption coefficient owing to the phenomenon of saturable and reverse saturable absorption, as well as negative nonlinear index of refraction as a result of self-defocusing. Self-defocusing is the result of thermal nonlinearity owing to the continuous absorption of light source. The real and imaginary component of the TNLO susceptibility of the sample is found to be the order of 10−7 esu. The order of TNLO susceptibility (χ(3) ) of IVH in polar solvents is measured to be 10−7 esu. The effect of solvent spectral features on χ(3) is also discussed. The results show that, the organic compound IVH is a promising candidate for applications in nonlinear optics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Silver molybdate: an excellent optical limiting material under nanoregime for photonic device application
- Author
-
B. Binish, B. Lokesh, Yukesh Veer, Silda Peters, M. Abith, T. C. Sabari Girisun, and K. Mani Rahulan
- Subjects
Silver molybdate ,Z-scan ,Reverse saturable absorption ,Optical limiting ,Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract There is a mounting demand for nonlinear optical materials with superior optical limiting performance which has a noticeable impact on protecting the delicate optical components from laser-induced damage. Transition metal molybdates have garnered attention in the nonlinear optics field due to their outstanding optical and luminescent properties, which give rise to widespread applications in next-generation optoelectronics devices. The structural confirmation of the as prepared silver molybdate nanoparticles were made by XRD and Raman spectroscopy analysis. The linear optical properties and the band gap of the synthesized material were studied using UV–Visible and photoluminescence spectroscopy. SEM analysis revealed the pebble like morphology of the silver molybdate nanostructures. The nonlinear responses of the samples were studied using open aperture z-scan approach with Nd:YAG pulsed laser (532 nm, 9 ns, 10 Hz). The sample exhibits reverse saturable absorption pattern attributed to the two photon absorption (2PA) mechanism. The obtained OL threshold value is in the order of 1012 which is suitable for fabricating optical limiters in nano second pulsed laser regime. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Nonlinear optical response of niobium telluride and its application for demonstrating pulsed fiber lasers
- Author
-
Xinxin Shang, Yule Zhang, Tuo Li, Huanian Zhang, Xiaofeng Zou, S. Wageh, Ahmed A. Al-Ghamdi, Han Zhang, Shuhao Si, and Dengwang Li
- Subjects
Niobium telluride ,Saturable absorber ,Z-scan ,Mode-locked pulse ,Fiber laser ,Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 - Abstract
Niobium telluride (NbTe2), a kind of few-layer two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) material, has been theoretically predicted with nonlinear absorption properties and excellent optical response. Herein, we experimentally demonstrated an Er-doped fiber (EDF) laser based NbTe2 as saturable absorber (SA). Few-layer NbTe2 nanosheets were successfully prepared by adopting the commonly used liquid-phase exfoliation (LPE) method. The nonlinear optical response of highly stable few-layer NbTe2 was investigated through an open-aperture Z-scan laser measurement, the nonlinear absorption coefficient was 2.45 × 10−11 m/W. Both Q-switched and mode-locked operation centered at 1 559 nm were recorded based on NbTe2 SA. The pulse duration was varied from 4.88 μs to 1.75 μs, and the adjustable range of repetition frequency is changed from 44.01 kHz to 64.12 kHz in passively Q-switched operation. Furthermore, a constant repetition rate of 5.33 MHz and pulse width of 2.67 ps were observed in mode-locked operation. Our experimental results fully reveal the nonlinear optical properties of NbTe2 used in pulsed fiber lasers and broaden its ultrafast applications in the optics field. more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Spectroscopic, quantum chemical calculation and NLO properties of 1,4-benzenedimethanol and its water complexes
- Author
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Jaxline, J. Binuja, Dhas, D. Arul, Joe, I. Hubert, and Vinitha, G.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Polar solvents mediated third-order nonlinear optical features of acid green 16 dye
- Author
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Anusha, B., Arumugam, Natarajan, Almansour, Abdulrahman I., Jeyaram, S., and Dileepan, A G Bharathi
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Vibrational spectra and third order nonlinear optical studies of L-proline manganese chloride monohydrate
- Author
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Sathiskumar, S., Deepa Rani, S., George, Merin, Alex, Javeesh, Philip, Bessy Mary, Nair, Sutheertha S., Anjana, R., Jose, Bibin K., Manoj, D. Shiney, Abhilash Kumar, R. G., and Sajan, D.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Noble metals functionalized reduced graphene oxide as an efficient optical limiter: a combined experimental and theoretical investigation
- Author
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Saravanan, M., Kandasamy, Manikandan, Suresh, K., Chakraborty, Brahmananda, George, Sajan D., Girisun, T. C. Sabari, Potheher, I. Vetha, and Parthasarathy, V.
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Third-order non-linear optical switching and threshold limiting of NiO thin films
- Author
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Bhakta, Sourav, Panda, Rudrashish, and Sahoo, Pratap Kumar
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Silver molybdate: an excellent optical limiting material under nanoregime for photonic device application
- Author
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Binish, B., Lokesh, B., Veer, Yukesh, Peters, Silda, Abith, M., Girisun, T. C. Sabari, and Rahulan, K. Mani
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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