Search

Your search keyword '"Z. Poussi"' showing total 5 results
Start Over Author "Z. Poussi"
5 results on '"Z. Poussi"'

1. An intercomparison of inverse models for estimating sources and sinks of CO2using GOSAT measurements

Author

Hiroshi Takagi, Liang Feng, Z. Poussi, Yukio Yoshida, Sander Houweling, Hartmut Boesch, Friedemann Reum, André Butz, Julia Marshall, Christopher W. O'Dell, Edward J. Dlugokencky, Daniel N. Baker, Tomohiro Oda, P. Peylin, Frédéric Chevallier, Ruslan Zhuravlev, Otto Hasekamp, Sergey Oshchepkov, Sourish Basu, Dylan B. A. Jones, Shamil Maksyutov, Feng Deng, Paul I. Palmer, and Alexander Ganshin

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Northern Hemisphere, Magnitude (mathematics), Tropics, Carbon cycle, Geophysics, Flux (metallurgy), 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Climatology, Greenhouse gas, Middle latitudes, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Satellite
Abstract

This study presents the outcome of an inverse modeling intercomparison experiment on the use of total column CO2 retrievals from Greenhouse Gas Observing Satellite (GOSAT) for quantifying global sources and sinks of CO2. Eight research groups submitted inverse modeling results for the first year of GOSAT measurements. Inversions were carried out using only GOSAT data, a combination of GOSAT and surface measurements, and using only surface measurements. As expected, the most robust flux estimates are obtained at large scales (e.g., within 20% of the annual flux at the global scale), and they quickly diverge toward the scale of the subcontinental TRANSCOM regions and beyond (to >100% of the annual flux). We focus our analysis on a shift in the CO2 uptake over land from the Tropics toward the Northern Hemisphere Extra tropics of ∼1 PgC/yr when GOSAT data are used in the inversions. This shift is largely driven by TRANSCOM regions Europe and Northern Africa, showing, respectively, an increased uptake and release of 0.7 and 0.9 PgC/yr. Inversions using GOSAT data show a reduced gradient between midlatitudes of the Northern Hemisphere and the Tropics, consistent with the latitudinal shift in carbon uptake. However, the reduced gradients degrade the agreement with background aircraft and surface measurements. To narrow the range of inversion-derived flux, estimates will require further efforts to understand the differences not only between the retrieval schemes but also between inverse models, as their contributions to the overall uncertainty are estimated to be of similar magnitude.

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Can we reconcile atmospheric estimates of the Northern terrestrial carbon sink with land-based accounting?

Author

Frédéric Chevallier, Wouter Peters, Philippe Peylin, Philippe Ciais, F. M. Bréon, Shilong Piao, Z. Poussi, E.-D. Schulze, Anatoly Shvidenko, Christian Rödenbeck, Sebastiaan Luyssaert, Matthias Jonas, Anthony W. King, Josep G. Canadell, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology and Air Quality, Accounting, co2 sources, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, inversion, Flux (metallurgy), Land based, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, WIMEK, business.industry, Northern Hemisphere, emissions, General Social Sciences, Carbon sink, dioxide exchange, Inversion (meteorology), balance, sensitivity, fluxes, 13. Climate action, Climatology, transport, Environmental science, Terrestrial ecosystem, Longitude, business
Abstract

We estimate the northern hemisphere (NH) terrestrial carbon sink by comparing four recent atmospheric inversions with land-based C accounting data for six large northern regions. The mean NH terrestrial CO2 sink from the inversion models is 1.7PgCyear-1 over the period 2000-2004. The uncertainty of this estimate is based on the typical individual (1-sigma) precision of one inversion (0.9PgCyear-1) and is consistent with the min-max range of the four inversion mean estimates (0.8PgCyear-1). Inversions agree within their uncertainty for the distribution of the NH sink of CO2 in longitude, with Russia being the largest sink. The land-based accounting estimate of NH carbon sink is 1.7PgCyear-1 for the sum of the six regions studied. The 1-sigma uncertainty of the land-based estimate (0.3PgCyear-1) is smaller than that of atmospheric inversions, but no independent land-based flux estimate is available to derive a 'between accounting model' uncertainty. Encouragingly, the top-down atmospheric and the bottom-up land-based methods converge to consistent mean estimates within their respective errors, increasing the confidence in the overall budget. These results also confirm the continued critical role of NH terrestrial ecosystems in slowing down the atmospheric accumulation of anthropogenic CO2.

Published
2010
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Importance of methane and nitrous oxide for Europe’s terrestrial greenhouse-gas balance

Author

Sebastiaan Luyssaert, John H. C. Gash, Christian Rödenbeck, Jean-François Soussana, Philippe Bousquet, Annette Freibauer, Ivan A. Janssens, Pete Smith, John Grace, Ernst Detlef Schulze, Giuseppe Etiope, Ingeborg Levin, B. Thiruchittampalam, Philippe Peylin, Gert-Jan Nabuurs, Martin Wattenbach, Wouter Peters, Z. Poussi, Jens Nieschulze, P. Ciais, A. J. Dolman, Nicolas Vuichard, Martin Heimann, Riccardo Valentini, Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), College of Forestry [Corvallis], Oregon State University (OSU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, UR 0874 Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP)-Ecologie des Forêts, Prairies et milieux Aquatiques (EFPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), inconnu, Inconnu, Institute of Ecology and Resource Management, University of Edinburgh, Institut für Umweltphysik [Heidelberg], Universität Heidelberg [Heidelberg], University of Tuscia, Laboratoire d'Analyse, Topologie, Probabilités (LATP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Meteorology and Air Quality Department [Wageningen] (MAQ), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Max-Planck-Institut für Biogeochemie (MPI-BGC), Department of Forest Resources and Environment, School of Biological Sciences [Aberdeen], University of Aberdeen, Alterra [Wageningen] (ESS-CC), Centre for Water and Climate [Wageningen], European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), Institute of Hydrology, Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de recherche d'Agronomie (UA), Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, Unité de recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial (UREP), Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences [Aberdeen], Heidelberg University, University of Stuttgart, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), VU University Amsterdam, Tuscia University, Vrije universiteit = Free university of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), and 0 Pre-GFZ, Departments, GFZ Publication Database, Deutsches GeoForschungsZentrum

Subjects
Meteorologie en Luchtkwaliteit, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Meteorology and Air Quality, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Atmospheric carbon cycle, Carbon dioxide equivalent, 550 - Earth sciences, Soil science, Carbon sequestration, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, atmospheric methane, carbon budget, Environmental protection, 11. Sustainability, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Wageningen Environmental Research, Carbon credit, sink, Biology, soils, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, WIMEK, Carbon offset, emissions, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, fluxes, Centrum Ecosystemen, Centre for Ecosystem Studies, Climate change mitigation, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Greenhouse gas, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Environmental science, co2, Kyoto Protocol, ecosystems
Abstract

Climate change negotiations aim to reduce net greenhouse-gas emissions by encouraging direct reductions of emissions and crediting countries for their terrestrial greenhouse-gas sinks. Ecosystem carbon dioxide uptake has offset nearly 10% of Europe's fossil fuel emissions, but not all of this may be creditable under the rules of the Kyoto Protocol. Although this treaty recognizes the importance of methane and nitrous oxide emissions, scientific research has largely focused on carbon dioxide. Here we review recent estimates of European carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide fluxes between 2000 and 2005, using both top-down estimates based on atmospheric observations and bottom-up estimates derived from ground-based measurements. Both methods yield similar fluxes of greenhouse gases, suggesting that methane emissions from feedstock and nitrous oxide emissions from arable agriculture are fully compensated for by the carbon dioxide sink provided by forests and grasslands. As a result, the balance for all greenhouse gases across Europe's terrestrial biosphere is near neutral, despite carbon sequestration in forests and grasslands. The trend towards more intensive agriculture and logging is likely to make Europe's land surface a significant source of greenhouse gases. The development of land management policies which aim to reduce greenhouse-gas emissions should be a priority. © 2009 Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved.

Published
2009
Full Text
View/download PDF

4. Iconic CO2 Time Series at Risk

Author

Frédéric Chevallier, Paul I. Palmer, Philippe Ciais, Bakr Badawy, Christian Rödenbeck, James T. Randerson, Scott Denning, Alex Vermeulen, Marc Fischer, Dylan B. A. Jones, Aslam Khalil, Thomas Röckmann, A. G. C. A. Meesters, Jing M. Chen, Martin Heimann, Andrew Schuh, Z. Poussi, Sourish Basu, Andrew R. Jacobson, G. James Collatz, Philippe Bousquet, L. Yurganov, Philippe Peylin, Maarten Krol, Prasad S. Kasibhatla, Taro Takahashi, Wouter Peters, Jorge L. Sarmiento, Andrew C. Manning, Richard Engelen, Manuel Gloor, Shamil Maksyutov, David Baker, John B. Miller, Michael J. Prather, Grégoire Broquet, Ian G. Enting, Dmitry Belikov, Sander Houweling, Marko Scholze, Jocelyn Turnbull, Prabir K. Patra, Nir Y. Krakauer, Christoph Gerbig, David S. Schimel, Parv Suntharalingam, Peter Bergamaschi, Josep G. Canadell, Annemarie Fraser, Takashi Maki, Tim Butler, Thomas Kaminski, Energy and Sustainability Research Institute Groni, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research ( SRON ), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] ( IMAU ), Utrecht University [Utrecht], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] ( LSCE ), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines ( UVSQ ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Copenhagen Business School, Copenhagen Business School [Copenhagen] ( CBS ), Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program [Princeton] ( AOS Program ), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory ( GFDL ), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) -Princeton University, School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Amsterdam Global Change Institute, Earth and Climate, Hydrology and Geo-environmental sciences, SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Research [Utrecht] (IMAU), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation INVerse pour les mesures atmosphériques et SATellitaires (SATINV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Copenhagen Business School [Copenhagen] (CBS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program [Princeton] (AOS Program), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Princeton University, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
carbon footprint, sea, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Compromise, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate Change, air pollution, letter, Climate change, Commission, chemistry, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, carbon monoxide, biology.animal, Physical Sciences and Mathematics, Whaling, 14. Life underwater, China, fossil fuel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Multidisciplinary, biology, Whale, Atmosphere, methane, carbon dioxide, land use, Carbon Dioxide, Earth system science, priority journal, Economy, greenhouse gas, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, halocarbon, aquatic environment
Abstract

COMMENTARY Common but differentiated IBI Prize Essay LETTERS I BOOKS I POLICY FORUM I EDUCATION FORUM I PERSPECTIVES LETTERS edited by Jennifer Sills Iconic CO 2 Time Series at Risk THE STEADY RISE IN ATMOSPHERIC LONG- lived greenhouse gas concentrations is the main driver of contemporary climate change. The Mauna Loa CO 2 time series (1, 2), started by C. D. Keeling in 1958 and maintained today by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography and the Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) of NOAA, is iconic evidence of the effect of human- caused fossil fuel and land-use change emis- sions on the atmospheric increase of CO 2 . The continuity of such records depends criti- cally on having stable funding, which is chal- lenging to maintain in the context of 3- to 4-year research grant funding cycles (3), and LEAH R. GERBER Faculty of Ecology, Evolution, and Environmental Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA. E-mail: leah.gerber@asu.edu References 1. Associated Press, The New York Times, 6 July 2012, p. A7 (www.nytimes.com/2012/07/06/ world/europe/south-korea-whaling-plan-criticized.html). 2. S. Herman, Voice of America, 24 July 2012 (www.voanews.com/content/south-korea-still- considering-resumption-of-whaling/1444081.html). 3. L. R. Gerber, L. Morissette, K. Kaschner, D. Pauly, Science 323, 880 (2009). 4. R. Black, BBC News, 5 July 2012 (www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-18719512). is currently threatened by the fi nancial crisis. The ESRL Global Monitoring Division maintains a network of about 100 surface and aircraft sites worldwide at which whole air samples are collected approximately every week for analysis of CO 2 , CH 4 , CO, halocar- bons, and many other chemical species (4). This is complemented by high-frequency measurements at the Mauna Loa, Barrow, American Samoa, and South Pole obser- vatories, and about 10 North American tall towers. The success of the NOAA program has inspired similar efforts in Europe (5), China (6), India (7), and Brazil (8), with the United Nations World Meteorological Orga- nization providing guidance and precision requirements through the Global Atmosphere Watch program (9), but no funding. 31 AUGUST 2012 Downloaded from www.sciencemag.org on August 17, 2015 AT THE RECENT INTERNATIONAL WHALING COMMISSION’S ANNUAL meeting in Panama, South Korean offi cials announced their plan to initiate a “scientifi c whaling” program (1). This announcement came as a surprise given the general sentiment that the global demand for whale meat is declining. After weeks of international outcry, on 17 July, South Korea reversed their decision to hunt whales for research, but the issue is not dead (2). South Korea claimed that the goal of the scientifi c whaling pro- gram is to study the types and amounts of fi sh whales eat, given confl ict with fi sher- ies. Yet, it is well established in the scien- tifi c literature that there are many ways to study whale diet without killing them (3). Decades of fruitless negotiation between pro- and anti-whaling nations suggests a broken system, wrought with loopholes that allow unsustainable whal- ing to continue. Within this broken system, there is no incentive to reduce whaling, as the recent announcement by South Korea shows. Whaling groups are unwilling to compromise by allowing a sustainable harvest of whales, so unsustainable (scientifi c) whaling continues. To ensure a future of both whales and whalers, we must har- ness the passion and value that people place on living whales, with- out telling people what to do or force one set of values on others. We need novel, out-of-the-box approaches to effective management and conservation of whales. We must compromise to ensure reduc- tions in whales being killed, better oversight of countries that har- vest them, and limited whaling that does not threaten the persis- tence of whales. For those who believe that whaling is unethical, I challenge you to put forward alternative ideas to a global moratorium that fosters the “loophole” of scientifi c whaling. With new plans to develop scientifi c whaling programs (4), the current global moratorium is clearly bro- ken. Scientists, conservation advocates, resource managers, and the public must work together to develop new approaches to ensure the persistence of whales in our oceans. The data collected by NOAA and its worldwide partners have been used not only to demonstrate the unassailable rise of atmo- spheric greenhouse gas concentrations, but also to infer the magnitudes, locations, and times of surface-atmosphere exchange of those gases based on small concentration gradients between sites (10). Important fi nd- ings from analysis of these records include the detection of a signifi cant terrestrial car- bon sink at northern mid-latitudes (11) and subsequent research aimed at identifying the mechanisms by which that sink must operate. Long-term, high-quality, atmospheric mea- surements are crucial for quantifying trends in greenhouse gas fl uxes and attributing them to fossil fuel emissions, changes in land-use and management, or the response of natural VOL 337 SCIENCE www.sciencemag.org Published by AAAS CREDIT: LEAH GERBER/ ARIZONA STATE UNIVERSITY The Scientifi c Whaling Loophole

Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

5. Iconic CO2 time series at risk.

Author

Houweling S, Badawy B, Baker DF, Basu S, Belikov D, Bergamaschi P, Bousquet P, Broquet G, Butler T, Canadell JG, Chen J, Chevallier F, Ciais P, Collatz GJ, Denning S, Engelen R, Enting IG, Fischer ML, Fraser A, Gerbig C, Gloor M, Jacobson AR, Jones DB, Heimann M, Khalil A, Kaminski T, Kasibhatla PS, Krakauer NY, Krol M, Maki T, Maksyutov S, Manning A, Meesters A, Miller JB, Palmer PI, Patra P, Peters W, Peylin P, Poussi Z, Prather MJ, Randerson JT, Röckmann T, Rödenbeck C, Sarmiento JL, Schimel DS, Scholze M, Schuh A, Suntharalingam P, Takahashi T, Turnbull J, Yurganov L, and Vermeulen A

Subjects
Atmosphere chemistry, Carbon Dioxide analysis, Climate Change
Published
2012
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results