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1. Wide-acceptance measurement of the K−/K+ ratio from Ni+Ni collisions at 1.91A GeV

Author

Mile Dželalija, M. Korolija, A. Lebedev, Xavier Bernard Lopez, P. Koczon, Ivana Weber, A. Mangiarotti, Ralf Peter Averbeck, M. Merschmeyer, M. Kirejczyk, Anton Andronic, Johann Marton, Valerie Ramillien Barret, K. Wiśniewski, R. Kotte, Pascal Dupieux, A. Reischl, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, Laura Fabbietti, R. H. Munzer, Nicole Bastid, D. Pelte, H. S. Xu, I. E. Yushmanov, V. Simion, A. Le Fèvre, I. M. Deppner, Y. Leifels, Mladen Kiš, K. Suzuki, Jianli Liu, T. I. Kang, M. Berger, W. Reisdorf, Peter Wagner, Piotr Jan Gasik, Paul Buehler, T. Matulewicz, Z. Fodor, Vladislav Manko, Krzysztof Piasecki, Z. Seres, E. Widmann, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Mihai Petrovici, Igor Gašparić, O. Czerwiakowa, P. Crochet, Z. Basrak, Fouad Rami, P. Schmidt, J. Kecskemeti, K. S. Sim, A. Zhilin, B. Sikora, Roman Čaplar, Y. Grishkin, Johann Zmeskal, O. N. Hartmann, Byung-Sik Hong, V. Zinyuk, Zhigang Xiao, Michael Cargnelli, Yongsun Kim, M. L. Benabderrahmane, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, A. Schüttauf, Y. H. Zhang, E. Cordier, Gabriel Stoicea, and Z. Tyminski

Subjects
Physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Plane (geometry), Nuclear Theory, Kinetic energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Synchrotron, Spectral line, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Distribution (mathematics), law, Yield (chemistry), 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Polar coordinate system, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The FOPI Collaboration at the GSI SIS-18 synchrotron measured charged kaons from central and semicentral collisions of Ni+Ni at a beam energy of 1.91A GeV. We present the distribution of the K−/K+ ratio on the energy vs polar angle plane in the nucleon-nucleon center-of-mass frame, with and without subtraction of the contribution of ϕ(1020) meson decays to the K− yield. The acceptance of the current experiment is substantially wider compared to the previous measurement of the same colliding system. The ratio of K− to K+ energy spectra is expected to be sensitive to the in-medium modifications of basic kaon properties like mass. Recent results obtained by the HADES Collaboration at 1.23A and 1.76A GeV indicate that after inclusion of the ϕ meson decay contribution to the K− production no difference between the slopes of the K− and K+ energy spectra is observed within uncertainties. For our data a linear fit to this ratio obtained after subtraction of the ϕ meson contribution still shows a decrease with kinetic energy, although a constant value cannot be rejected. The contribution of Λ(1520)→pK− decays estimated from fitting the thermal model to the experimental yields appears to be another factor of moderate relevance.

Published
2019
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2. A new large-volume metal reference standard for radioactive waste management

Author

P. Kovář, H. Stroh, O. Burda, Z. Tyminski, Mikael Hult, J. Suran, A. Listkowska, F. Tzika, Dirk Arnold, and Gerd Marissens

Subjects
Materials science, Silver, engineering.material, Metal, Waste Management, Centrifugal casting (industrial), Radiation Monitoring, Calibration, Humans, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Neutron, Cobalt Radioisotopes, Reference standards, Radiation, Radiological and Ultrasound Technology, Metallurgy, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Radioactive waste, General Medicine, Reference Standards, Volume (thermodynamics), visual_art, Radioactive Waste, Papers, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering, Cast iron
Abstract

A new large-volume metal reference standard has been developed. The intended use is for calibration of free-release radioactivity measurement systems and is made up of cast iron tubes placed inside a box of the size of a Euro-pallet (80 × 120 cm). The tubes contain certified activity concentrations of (60)Co (0.290 ± 0.006 Bq g(-1)) and (110m)Ag (3.05 ± 0.09 Bq g(-1)) (reference date: 30 September 2013). They were produced using centrifugal casting from a smelt into which (60)Co was first added and then one piece of neutron irradiated silver wire was progressively diluted. The iron castings were machined to the desirable dimensions. The final material consists of 12 iron tubes of 20 cm outer diameter, 17.6 cm inner diameter, 40 cm length/height and 245.9 kg total mass. This paper describes the reference standard and the process of determining the reference activity values.

Published
2015

3. SiΛvio: A trigger for Λ-hyperons

Author

Z. Fodor, A. Lebedev, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Xavier Bernard Lopez, P. Koczon, Z. Basrak, Xiang Yang Zhang, Vladislav Manko, K. Wiśniewski, Fouad Rami, Mihai Petrovici, K. Suzuki, Anton Andronic, T. Yamazaki, W. Reisdorf, Valerie Ramillien Barret, P. Gasik, I. Carevic, T. I. Kang, Eberhard Widmann, J. L. Liu, Y. Leifels, Byung-Sik Hong, A. Zhilin, Paul Kienle, P. Schmidt, A. Reischl, K. S. Sim, Johann Marton, Pascal Dupieux, Y. Grishkin, O. N. Hartmann, V. Charviakova, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Z. Tyminski, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, J. Zmeskal, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, M. Kirejczyk, M. Berger, R. H. Munzer, B. Sikora, Paul Buehler, Nicole Bastid, Z. Seres, I. Deppner, Krzysztof Piasecki, A. Schüttauf, R. Čaplar, M. Dželalija, M. Kiš, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, Michael Cargnelli, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, M. L. Benabderrahmane, P. Wagner, R. Kotte, V. Simion, T. Matulewicz, P. Crochet, V. Zinyuk, Laura Fabbietti, and I. E. Yushmanov

Subjects
Physics, silicon, Mesytec, APV25, MIPS, Λ, trigger, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Silicon, Spectrometer, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Detector, Hyperon, chemistry.chemical_element, Lambda-hyperons, 01 natural sciences, Vertex (geometry), Nuclear physics, Si Lambda vio, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

As online trigger for events containing Λ hyperons in p+p collisions at 3.1 GeV a silicon-based device has been designed and built. This system has been integrated close to the target region within the FOPI spectrometer at GSI and was also employed as a tracking device to improve the vertex reconstruction of secondary decays. The design of the detector components, read-out, the trigger capability as well as the tracking performance are presented. An enrichment factor of about 14 was achieved for events containing a Λ-hyperon candidate.

Published
2014
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4. Strange meson production in Al plus Al collisions at 1.9 AGeV

Author

K. S. Sim, Michael Cargnelli, Fouad Rami, Jianli Liu, I. M. Deppner, J. Zmeskal, Xavier Bernard Lopez, P. Koczon, K. Wiśniewski, Byung-Sik Hong, Anton Andronic, R. Čaplar, Y. Leifels, I. Weber, Vladislav Manko, Peter Wagner, Paul Buehler, I. E. Yushmanov, V. Simion, Pascal Dupieux, O. Czerwiakowa, Mihai Petrovici, Ralf Peter Averbeck, A. Lebedev, Z. Basrak, A. Zhilin, P. Crochet, V. T. Smolyankin, K. Suzuki, T. I. Kang, Johann Marton, T. Matulewicz, M. Berger, M. S. Ryu, E. Widmann, Laura Fabbietti, Z. Fodor, R. Kotte, Z. Seres, M. L. Benabderrahmane, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, A. Le Fèvre, P. Schmidt, O. N. Hartmann, A. Schüttauf, V. Zinyuk, Y. Grishkin, B. Sikora, M. Kirejczyk, M. Kiš, R. H. Munzer, Nicole Bastid, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, Krzysztof Piasecki, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, W. Reisdorf, Piotr Jan Gasik, Y. H. Zhang, Z. Tyminski, M. Dželalija, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, Valerie Ramillien Barret, A. Reischl, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FOPI, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA )

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Meson production, Meson, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Inverse, threshold: production, heavy-ion collisions, sis energies, antikaon production, kaon production, detector, matter, fopi, anisotropy, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Kinetic energy, K+, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, K: yield, K, beam: energy, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, transport theory, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Nuclear Experiment, Line (formation), Physics, energy: kinetic, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Phi(1020), nucleus nucleus: scattering, meson: decay, Yield (chemistry), K: production, aluminum, slope, Production (computer science), High Energy Physics::Experiment, strange meson: production
Abstract

The production of K$^+$, K$^-$ and $\varphi$(1020) mesons is studied in Al+Al collisions at a beam energy of 1.9A GeV which is close or below the production threshold in NN reactions. Inverse slopes, anisotropy parameters, and total emission yields of K$^{\pm}$ mesons are obtained. A comparison of the ratio of kinetic energy distributions of K$^-$ and K$^+$ mesons to the HSD transport model calculations suggests that the inclusion of the in-medium modifications of kaon properties is necessary to reproduce the ratio. The inverse slope and total yield of $\phi$ mesons are deduced. The contribution to K$^-$ production from $\phi$ meson decays is found to be [17 $\pm$ 3 (stat) $^{+2}_{-7}$ (syst)] %. The results are in line with previous K$^{\pm}$ and $\phi$ data obtained for different colliding systems at similar incident beam energies., Comment: 16 pages, 11 figures

Published
2016
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5. Centrality dependence of subthreshold $\phi$ meson production in Ni + Ni collisions at 1.9A GeV

Author

Xavier Bernard Lopez, P. Koczon, Byung-Sik Hong, Anton Andronic, Fouad Rami, Johann Marton, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, O. N. Hartmann, Piotr Jan Gasik, A. Mangiarotti, N. Herrmann, Igor Gašparić, A. Le Fèvre, K. D. Hildenbrand, Y. Leifels, J. Kecskemeti, K. S. Sim, Y. H. Zhang, E. Cordier, Michael Cargnelli, M. Merschmeyer, M. L. Benabderrahmane, E. Widmann, V. Zinyuk, Valerie Ramillien Barret, M. Berger, J. Zmeskal, Gabriel Stoicea, Z. Fodor, I. Weber, B. Sikora, Zhigang Xiao, Z. Seres, A. Reischl, Mihai Petrovici, Laura Fabbietti, Yongsun Kim, Ralf Peter Averbeck, W. Reisdorf, Peter Wagner, Paul Buehler, P. Schmidt, Z. Tyminski, M. Kiš, K. Suzuki, M. Dželalija, P. Crochet, K. Wiśniewski, Pascal Dupieux, T. I. Kang, O. Czerwiakowa, Z. Basrak, Jianli Liu, M. Korolija, I. M. Deppner, A. Lebedev, R. H. Munzer, Nicole Bastid, V. Simion, T. Matulewicz, Krzysztof Piasecki, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, I. E. Yushmanov, A. Schüttauf, R. Čaplar, M. Kirejczyk, H. S. Xu, Y. Grishkin, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, Vladislav Manko, A. Zhilin, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont ( LPC ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien ( IPHC ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Strasbourg ( UNISTRA ), FOPI, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien (IPHC), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Particle physics, heavy ion: scattering, Meson, Strangeness, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Kinetic energy, 01 natural sciences, K-: production, beam: energy, Nuclear physics, 25.75.Dw, 0103 physical sciences, [ PHYS.NEXP ] Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 010306 general physics, Power function, Nuclear Experiment, impact parameter, Physics, energy: kinetic, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Phi meson, Phi(1020): multiplicity, Phi(1020): production, Exponent, FOPI, High Energy Physics::Experiment, spectrometer, Impact parameter, Centrality, 13.60.Le
Abstract

We analysed the $\phi$ meson production in central Ni+Ni collisions at the beam kinetic energy of 1.93A GeV with the FOPI spectrometer and found the production probability per event of $[8.6 ~\pm~ 1.6 ~(\text{stat}) \pm 1.5 ~(\text{syst})] \times 10^{-4}$. This new data point allows for the first time to inspect the centrality dependence of the subthreshold $\phi$ meson production in heavy-ion collisions. The rise of $\phi$ meson multiplicity per event with mean number of participants can be parameterized by the power function with exponent $\alpha = 1.8 \pm 0.6$. The ratio of $\phi$ to $\text{K}^-$ production yields seems not to depend within the experimental uncertainties on the collision centrality, and the average of measured values was found to be $0.36 \pm 0.05$., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures

Published
2016
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6. Systematics of azimuthal asymmetries in heavy ion collisions in the regime

Author

M. Kiš, R. Kotte, M. S. Ryu, Philippe Crochet, Z. Tyminski, M. Dželalija, Krzysztof Piasecki, Gabriel Stoicea, T. I. Kang, Fouad Rami, K. D. Hildenbrand, M. Korolija, H. S. Xu, W. Reisdorf, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Y. Leifels, A. Zhilin, R. Čaplar, Pascal Dupieux, I. E. Yushmanov, Byung-Sik Hong, Z. Basrak, M. R. Stockmeier, Z. Fodor, M. Kirejczyk, W. Neubert, Zhigang Xiao, D. Wohlfarth, Y. J. Kim, J. Kecskemeti, K. S. Sim, Y. Grishkin, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Nicole Bastid, A. Lebedev, M. Merschmeyer, V. T. Smolyankin, Valerie Ramillien Barret, V. Simion, Xavier Bernard Lopez, A. Schüttauf, Anton Andronic, P. Gasik, N. Herrmann, T. Matulewicz, B. Sikora, T. Kress, K. Wiśniewski, Z. Seres, P. Koczon, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, and Ralf Peter Averbeck

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Elliptic flow, chemistry.chemical_element, Nuclear equation of state, Observable, Nuclear physics, Azimuth, Xenon, chemistry, Isospin, Bibliography, Neutron
Abstract

Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study central and semi-central collisions in the reactions (energies in A GeV are given in parentheses): 40Ca + 40Ca (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93), 58Ni + 58Ni (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), 96Ru + 96Ru (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 96Zr + 96Zr (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 129Xe + CsI (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), 197Au + 197Au (0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include directed and elliptic flow. The data are compared to earlier data where possible and to transport model simulations. A stiff nuclear equation of state is found to be incompatible with the data. Evidence for extra-repulsion of neutrons in compressed asymmetric matter is found.

Published
2012
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7. Systematics of central heavy ion collisions in the regime

Author

Philippe Crochet, K. D. Hildenbrand, P. Koczon, Z. Fodor, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, M. Kiš, M. Kirejczyk, A. Lebedev, Nicole Bastid, Z. Basrak, Krzysztof Piasecki, Y. Leifels, H. S. Xu, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, M. R. Stockmeier, K. Wiśiewski, D. Wohlfarth, Y. J. Kim, K. S. Sim, Zhigang Xiao, M. Korolija, A. Zhilin, I. E. Yushmanov, J. Kecskemeti, Y. Grishkin, M. Merschmeyer, Valerie Ramillien Barret, V. Simion, M. L. Benabderrahmane, A. Schüttauf, Pascal Dupieux, Byung-Sik Hong, T. Matulewicz, R. Čaplar, M. S. Ryu, W. Neubert, Ralf Peter Averbeck, V. T. Smolyankin, Z. Seres, W. Reisdorf, R. Kotte, T. Kress, Piotr Jan Gasik, N. Herrmann, B. Sikora, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, Z. Tyminski, M. Dželalija, Fouad Rami, Gabriel Stoicea, and T. I. Kang

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, chemistry.chemical_element, Observable, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Xenon, chemistry, Nucleosynthesis, Isospin, 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Bibliography, Rapidity, 010306 general physics
Abstract

Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study central collisions in the reactions (energies in A GeV are given in parentheses): Ca-40 + Ca-40 (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93), Ni-58 + Ni-58 (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), Ru-96+Ru-96 (0.4, 1.0. 1.5), (96)zr+(96)zr 1.0, 1.5), Xe-129+CsI (0.15, 0.25, 0.4), Au-197 + Au-197 (0.09, 0.12, 0.15, 0.25, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include cluster multiplicities, longitudinal and transverse rapidity distributions and stopping, and radial flow. The data are compared to earlier data where possible and to transport model simulations. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Published
2010
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8. Systematics of pion emission in heavy ion collisions in the regime

Author

T. I. Kang, K. D. Hildenbrand, M. Korolija, Zhigang Xiao, M. Merschmeyer, Z. Seres, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Pascal Dupieux, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, Z. Fodor, Philippe Crochet, Gabriel Stoicea, M. Kiš, T. Kress, Y. Leifels, M. R. Stockmeier, N. Herrmann, X. Lopez, Fouad Rami, Y. J. Kim, A. Lebedev, H. S. Xu, D. Wohlfarth, K. S. Sim, Y. Grishkin, Byung-Sik Hong, Z. Tyminski, J. Kecskemeti, R. Kotte, R. Čaplar, W. Neubert, Z. Basrak, M. Dželalija, M. Kirejczyk, B. Sikora, V. T. Smolyankin, V. Simion, Anton Andronic, A. Zhilin, T. Matulewicz, A. Schüttauf, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Nicole Bastid, I. E. Yushmanov, W. Reisdorf, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, and M. S. Ryu

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, Observable, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, Nuclear physics, Transverse plane, Pion, Isospin, 0103 physical sciences, Rapidity, 010306 general physics, Anisotropy
Abstract

Using the large acceptance apparatus FOPI, we study pion emission in the reactions (energies in A GeV are given in parentheses): 40Ca + 40Ca (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.5, 1.93), 96Ru + 96Ru (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 96Zr + 96Zr (0.4, 1.0, 1.5), 197Au + 197Au (0.4, 0.6, 0.8, 1.0, 1.2, 1.5). The observables include longitudinal and transverse rapidity distributions and stopping, polar anisotropies, pion multiplicities, transverse momentum spectra, ratios ( π + / π − ) of average transverse momenta and of yields, directed flow, elliptic flow. The data are compared to earlier data where possible and to transport model simulations.

Published
2007
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9. Influence ofϕmesons on negative kaons in Ni + Ni collisions at1.91A GeV beam energy

Author

M. Kiš, Philippe Crochet, Ken Suzuki, Byung-Sik Hong, Laura Fabbietti, Krzysztof Piasecki, Y. Leifels, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Zhigang Xiao, K. D. Hildenbrand, Fouad Rami, Ya-Peng Zhang, R. Čaplar, P. Wagner, Anton Andronic, Y. Grishkin, M. Dželalija, Paul Buehler, R. Kotte, J. L. Liu, Y. J. Kim, K. S. Sim, P. Gasik, I. E. Yushmanov, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, W. Reisdorf, A. Le Fèvre, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Johann Marton, V. Simion, Mihai Petrovici, Vladislav Manko, O. N. Hartmann, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, T. Matulewicz, Michael Cargnelli, J. Zmeskal, V. Zinyuk, A. Zhilin, B. Sikora, N. Herrmann, A. Schüttauf, M. Berger, Z. Seres, T. I. Kang, I. Weber, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Z. Tyminski, Z. Fodor, Pascal Dupieux, O. Czerwiakowa, Z. Basrak, Eberhard Widmann, P. Schmidt, A. Lebedev, K. Wis̈niewski, P. Koczon, I. M. Deppner, Valerie Ramillien Barret, A. Reischl, M. Kirejczyk, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, R. H. Munzer, and Nicole Bastid

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson production, Meson, Nuclear Theory, Inverse, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Kinetic energy, Beam energy
Abstract

$\ensuremath{\phi}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons from Ni+Ni collisions at the beam energy of $1.91A$ GeV have been measured by the FOPI spectrometer, with a trigger selecting central and semicentral events amounting to 52% of the total cross section. The phase-space distributions, and the total yield of ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$, as well as the kinetic energy distribution and the total yield of $\ensuremath{\phi}$ mesons are presented. The $\ensuremath{\phi}/$ ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ratio is found to be $0.44\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.07{(\text{stat})}_{\ensuremath{-}0.10}^{+0.16}(\text{syst})$, meaning that about 22% of ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ mesons originate from the decays of $\ensuremath{\phi}$ mesons, occurring mostly in vacuum. The inverse slopes of direct kaons are up to about 15 MeV larger than the ones extracted within the one-source model, signaling that a considerable share of gap between the slopes of ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ and ${\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ could be explained by the contribution of $\ensuremath{\phi}$ mesons to negative kaons.

Published
2015
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10. Shape parameters of the participant source in Ru + Ru collisions at

Author

V. Simion, M. Dželalija, E. Cordier, K. D. Hildenbrand, A. Schuettauf, Gabriel Stoicea, N. Herrmann, V. T. Smolyankin, Philippe Crochet, Z. Tyminski, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Z. Fodor, P. Wagner, A. Gobbi, B. de Schauenburg, Fouad Rami, Igor Gašparić, Y. Leifels, J. Kecskemeti, M. Merschmeyer, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Z. Basrak, I. E. Yushmanov, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, M. R. Stockmeier, D. Wohlfarth, Z. Seres, A. Bendarag, M. Kirejczyk, Nicole Bastid, R. Čaplar, M. M. Smolarkiewicz, Y. Grishkin, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, Mihai Petrovici, Byung-Sik Hong, O. N. Hartmann, T. Kress, Alexandre Lebedev, W. Neubert, J. P. Alard, Vladislav Manko, W. Reisdorf, I. J. Soliwoda, A. Mangiarotti, A. Zhilin, Pascal Dupieux, M. Korolija, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, B. Sikora, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, K. S. Sim, D. Moisa, and K. Siwek-Wilczyńska

Subjects
Nuclear reaction, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Gaussian, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear physics, Momentum, symbols.namesake, Cross section (physics), Flow (mathematics), Phase space, Isospin, symbols, Impact parameter, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

New results on nuclear collective flow are presented for central and semi-central Ru + Ru collisions at 400 A MeV measured with the FOPI detector at GSI-Darmstadt. The source shape parameters, flow angle and aspect ratios, are extracted from Gaussian fits to in-plane and out-of-plane momentum distributions. The orientation and the shape of the source exhibit different trends according to the investigated phase space region. The shape parameters of the participant source are studied as a function of the particle mass and collision centrality. The flow angle is found to be independent of the particle mass. Both the flow angle and the aspect ratios depend sensitively on the impact parameter. Detailed comparisons with the predictions of the isospin quantum molecular dynamics model are performed. It is shown in particular that the source shape parameters permit to extract information on the in-medium nucleon–nucleon cross section.

Published
2004
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11. Azimuthal emission patterns ofK+and ofK−mesons in Ni + Ni collisions near the strangeness production threshold

Author

Philippe Crochet, M. S. Ryu, Paul Buehler, W. Reisdorf, Johann Zmeskal, Y. Leifels, P. Wagner, Michael Cargnelli, R. Kotte, Elena Bratkovskaya, Zhigang Xiao, Igor Gašparić, A. Lebedev, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Y. J. Kim, K. S. Sim, A. Le Fèvre, J. Kecskemeti, A. Reischl, Anton Andronic, P. Gasik, Vladislav Manko, K. Wiśniewski, M. Kiš, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Pascal Dupieux, Fouad Rami, Johann Marton, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, R. Čaplar, P. Koczon, M. Dželalija, I. Deppner, I. E. Yushmanov, Byung-Sik Hong, Ken Suzuki, N. Herrmann, R. H. Munzer, V. T. Smolyankin, Z. Basrak, V. Simion, Nicole Bastid, A. Zhilin, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, Z. Fodor, A. Schüttauf, M. Berger, B. Sikora, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Z. Seres, T. I. Kang, Laura Fabbietti, T. Matulewicz, K. D. Hildenbrand, V. Zinyuk, Eberhard Widmann, Krzysztof Piasecki, Ralf Peter Averbeck, Z. Tyminski, C. Hartnack, P. Schmidt, M. Kirejczyk, Ya-Peng Zhang, J. L. Liu, I. Carevic, and Y. Grishkin

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, High Energy Physics::Lattice, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Nuclear Theory, Elliptic flow, Strangeness production, Kinetic energy, Nuclear matter, 7. Clean energy, Azimuth, Nuclear physics, Transverse momentum, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Azimuthal emission patterns of $K^\pm$ mesons have been measured in Ni + Ni collisions with the FOPI spectrometer at a beam kinetic energy of 1.91 A GeV. The transverse momentum $p_{T}$ integrated directed and elliptic flow of $K^{+}$ and $K^{-}$ mesons as well as the centrality dependence of $p_{T}$ - differential directed flow of $K^{+}$ mesons are compared to the predictions of HSD and IQMD transport models. The data exhibits different propagation patterns of $K^{+}$ and $K^{-}$ mesons in the compressed and heated nuclear medium and favor the existence of a kaon-nucleon in-medium potential, repulsive for $K^{+}$ mesons and attractive for $K^{-}$ mesons.

Published
2014
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12. Measurement ofK*(892)0andK0mesons inAl+Alcollisions at 1.9AGeV

Author

Y. Grishkin, Byung-Sik Hong, Z. Seres, J. Zmeskal, Mihai Petrovici, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Z. Fodor, W. Neubert, Z. Tyminski, M. Dželalija, M. Korolija, Piotr Jan Gasik, Z. Basrak, Johann Marton, Nicole Bastid, A. Schüttauf, P. Crochet, A. Lebedev, Igor Gašparić, Peter Wagner, Paul Buehler, Laura Fabbietti, J. Kecskemeti, R. Čaplar, Vladislav Manko, M. L. Benabderrahmane, W. Reisdorf, Krzysztof Piasecki, M. Merschmeyer, O. N. Hartmann, Valerie Ramillien Barret, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, A. Zhilin, Xiang Yang Zhang, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Paul Kienle, Michael Cargnelli, Y. Leifels, Pascal Dupieux, Xavier Bernard Lopez, P. Koczon, K. S. Sim, I. Fijał-Kirejczyk, Zhigang Xiao, Anton Andronic, T. Yamazaki, Yongsun Kim, M. Kirejczyk, Fouad Rami, M. Kiš, I. E. Yushmanov, V. Simion, E. Widmann, T. Matulewicz, B. Sikora, K. Suzuki, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, T. I. Kang, K. Wiśniewski, and P. Schmidt

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Model prediction, 0103 physical sciences, Yield ratio, Production (computer science), 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

A new measurement of subthreshold ${K}^{*}(892){}^{0}$ and ${K}^{0}$ production is presented. The experimental data complete the measurement of strange particles produced in $\mathrm{Al}+\mathrm{Al}$ collisions at 1.9$A$ GeV measured with the FOPI detector at SIS at GSI (Darmstadt). The ${K}^{*}(892){}^{0}/{K}^{0}$ yield ratio is found to be $0.0315\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.006(\mathrm{stat}.)\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.012(\mathrm{syst}.)$ and is in good agreement with the transport model prediction. These measurements provide information on the in-medium cross section of ${K}^{+}$-${\ensuremath{\pi}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ fusion, which is the dominant process in subthreshold ${K}^{*}(892){}^{0}$ production.

Published
2010
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13. Measurement of the In-MediumK0Inclusive Cross Section inπ−-Induced Reactions at1.15 GeV/c

Author

M. Rogowska, Mihai Petrovici, Eberhard Widmann, R. Kotte, Z. Tyminski, Pascal Dupieux, A. Lebedev, Laura Fabbietti, Z. Basrak, T. I. Kang, Philippe Crochet, Byung-Sik Hong, K. D. Hildenbrand, P. Schmidt, Krzysztof Piasecki, Michael Cargnelli, Fouad Rami, K. Suzuki, Z. Seres, Elena Bratkovskaya, A. Mangiarotti, Y. Leifels, K. Wiśniewski, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Johann Marton, P. Koczon, Paul Buehler, E. Cordier, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, M. Korolija, I. E. Yushmanov, M. Kirejczyk, M. Merschmeyer, N. Herrmann, Valerie Ramillien Barret, O. N. Hartmann, Paul Kienle, I. M. Deppner, A. Reischl, Nicole Bastid, R. Čaplar, Y. Grishkin, Vladislav Manko, M. Dželalija, M. Kiš, V. Simion, Z. Fodor, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, J. Zmeskal, A. Schüttauf, T. Matulewicz, A. Zhilin, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, T. Yamazaki, P. Gasik, B. Sikora, W. Reisdorf, Xiang Yang Zhang, W. Cassing, Z. G. Xiao, Y. J. Kim, and K. S. Sim

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, General Physics and Astronomy, Strangeness production, Strangeness, Nuclear matter, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Momentum, Nuclear physics, Cross section (physics), 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Production (computer science), Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The K{sup 0} meson production by {pi}{sup -} mesons of 1.15 GeV/c momentum on C, Al, Cu, Sn, and Pb nuclear targets was measured with the FOPI spectrometer at the Schwer-Ionen-Synchrotron accelerator of GSI. Inclusive production cross sections and the momentum distributions of K{sup 0} mesons are compared to scaled elementary production cross sections and to predictions of theoretical models describing the in-medium production of kaons. The data represent a new reference for those models, which are widely used for interpretation of the strangeness production in heavy-ion collisions. The presented results demonstrate the sensitivity of the kaon production to the reaction amplitudes inside nuclei and point to the existence of a repulsive KN potential of 20{+-}5 MeV at normal nuclear matter density.

Published
2009
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14. Subthreshold production ofΣ(1385)baryons in Al+Al collisions at1.9AGeV

Author

Johann Marton, X. Lopez, Byung-Sik Hong, P. Wagner, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Philippe Crochet, W. Neubert, Z. Basrak, M. Merschmeyer, T. I. Kang, Z. Seres, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, N. Herrmann, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Paul Kienle, Y. J. Kim, V. Simion, K. S. Sim, M. Dzelalija, J. Zmeskal, Eberhard Widmann, D. Wohlfarth, E. Cordier, Mihai Petrovici, A. Schüttauf, O. N. Hartmann, Y. Grishkin, Y. Leifels, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Z. Fodor, T. Matulewicz, Fouad Rami, Michael Cargnelli, Gabriel Stoicea, Paul Buehler, M. Kiš, P. Schmidt, Laura Fabbietti, K. D. Hildenbrand, Vladislav Manko, Pascal Dupieux, Z. Tyminski, W. Reisdorf, I. E. Yushmanov, R. Čaplar, Zhigang Xiao, A. Zhilin, Anton Andronic, Xiang Yang Zhang, T. Yamazaki, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, K. Suzuki, B. Sikora, A. Lebedev, Krzysztof Piasecki, M. Korolija, M. Kirejczyk, and Nicole Bastid

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Subthreshold conduction, Nuclear Theory, Sigma, Strangeness production, Strangeness, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, Particle identification, Sigma baryon, Baryon, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

First measurement of subthreshold {sigma}(1385) production is presented. Experimental data are presented for Al+Al reactions at 1.9A GeV measured with the FOPI detector at SIS/GSI. The {sigma}(1385)/{lambda} ratio is found to be in good agreement with the transport and statistical model predictions. The results allow for a better understanding of subthreshold strangeness production and strangeness exchange reaction which is the dominant process for K{sup -} production below and close-to threshold.

Published
2007
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15. Isospin dependence of relative yields ofK+andK0mesons at 1.528AGeV

Author

Z. Fodor, Z. Tyminski, X. Lopez, Nicole Bastid, M. Kiš, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, Z. Basrak, N. Herrmann, Y. J. Kim, K. S. Sim, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Philippe Crochet, Peter Wagner, M. Merschmeyer, Y. Grishkin, Zhigang Xiao, Valerie Ramillien Barret, R. Čaplar, G. Ferini, M. Dželalija, A. Lebedev, Pascal Dupieux, B. Sikora, Xiang Yang Zhang, A. Zhilin, Y. Leifels, E. Cordier, V. T. Smolyankin, T. I. Kang, Fouad Rami, I. E. Yushmanov, M. Kirejczyk, M. L. Benabderrahmane, M. S. Ryu, D. Wohlfarth, Z. Seres, Gabriel Stoicea, M. Korolija, K. D. Hildenbrand, A. Schüttauf, V. Simion, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, Anton Andronic, Byung-Sik Hong, Theodoros Gaitanos, W. Neubert, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, W. Reisdorf, Mihai Petrovici, and O. N. Hartmann

Subjects
Mass number, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear matter, Kinetic energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Mean field theory, Isospin, 0103 physical sciences, Sensitivity (control systems), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

Results on $K^+$ and $K^0$ meson production in $^{96}_{44}$Ru + $^{96}_{44}$Ru and $^{96}_{40}$Zr + $^{96}_{40}$Zr collisions at a beam kinetic energy of 1.528$A$ GeV, measured with the FOPI detector at GSI-Darmstadt, are investigated as a possible probe of isospin effects in high density nuclear matter. The measured double ratio ($K^+/K^0$)$_{Ru}$/($K^+/K^0$)$_{Zr}$ is compared to the predictions of a thermal model and a Relativistic Mean Field transport model using two different collision scenarios and under different assumptions on the stiffness of the symmetry energy. We find a good agreement with the thermal model prediction and the assumption of a soft symmetry energy for infinite nuclear matter while more realistic transport simulations of the collisions show a similar agreement with the data but also exhibit a reduced sensitivity to the symmetry term.

Published
2007
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16. K0 and Lambda production in Ni+Ni collisions near threshold

Author

A. Schüttauf, M. Korolija, V. Simion, A. Zhilin, T. I. Kang, K. S. Sim, T. Matulewicz, Anton Andronic, Y. Grishkin, W. Reisdorf, Z. G. Xiao, X. Lopez, Z. Seres, Xiang Yang Zhang, M. Merschmeyer, R. Čaplar, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Valerie Ramillien Barret, I. E. Yushmanov, V. T. Smolyankin, M. S. Ryu, Z. Tyminski, M. Dželalija, H. S. Xu, Philippe Crochet, Fouad Rami, Yongsun Kim, B. Sikora, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, E. Cordier, R. Kotte, Byung-Sik Hong, Y. Leifels, D. Pelte, A. Mangiarotti, M. Kiš, Gabriel Stoicea, Nicole Bastid, Igor Gašparić, J. Kecskemeti, K. D. Hildenbrand, M. Kirejczyk, N. Herrmann, K. Wiśniewski, Z. Fodor, P. Koczon, A. Lebedev, Z. Basrak, Pascal Dupieux, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Recherches Subatomiques (DRS-IPHC), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, Strangeness, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Lambda baryon, Lambda, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, Phase space, Yield (chemistry), 25.75.Dw, 0103 physical sciences, heavy-ions, kaons, strangeness, threshold energies, Rapidity, Atomic physics, 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

New results concerning the production of neutral strange particles, $K^0$ and $\Lambda$ in Ni + Ni collisions at 1.93$A$ GeV, measured with the FOPI detector at GSI-Darmstadt, are presented. Rapidity density distributions and Boltzmann slope parameter distributions are measured in nearly the full phase space of the reaction. The observables are compared to existing $K^+$ and proton data. While the $K^0$ data agree with previously reported $K^+$ measurements, the $\Lambda$ distributions show a different behavior relative to that of protons. The strangeness balance and the production yield per participating nucleon as a function of the centrality of the reaction are discussed, for the first time at SIS energies., Comment: 10 pages, 8 figures

Published
2007
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17. Charged pion production in4496Ru+4496Rucollisions at400Aand1528AMeV

Author

D. Wohlfarth, A. Gobbi, Z. Fodor, M. R. Stockmeier, A. Zhilin, Zhigang Xiao, Z. Basrak, Y. Grishkin, K. S. Sim, V. Simion, T. Kress, Yongsun Kim, Byung-Sik Hong, Nicole Bastid, W. Reisdorf, A. Lebedev, A. Schüttauf, Y. Leifels, P. Crochet, W. Neubert, K. Wiśniewski, Pascal Dupieux, A. Mangiarotti, P. Koczon, R. Čaplar, M. Korolija, Z. Seres, M. Dželalija, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, V. T. Smolyankin, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, M. Kirejczyk, I. E. Yushmanov, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Peter Wagner, J. Kecskemeti, M. Merschmeyer, Valerie Ramillien Barret, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, Gabriel Stoicea, Z. Tyminski, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, B. Sikora, and Fouad Rami

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Pion, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Nuclear Theory, 0103 physical sciences, Production (economics), Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Published
2005
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18. First analysis of anisotropic flow with Lee--Yang zeroes

Author

Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, Nicolas Borghini, P. Koczon, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Vladislav Manko, Byung-Sik Hong, N. Herrmann, W. Neubert, I. Gapari, M. M. Smolarkiewicz, B. Sikora, K. Siwek-Wilczyska, I. J. Soliwoda, Philippe Crochet, A. Zhilin, A. Mangiarotti, K. D. Hildenbrand, Nicole Bastid, A. Schuettauf, W. Reisdorf, Y. Grishkin, Xavier Bernard Lopez, A. Lebedev, Anton Andronic, D. Moisa, M. Merschmeyer, V. Simion, Valerie Ramillien Barret, Y. Leifels, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, Z. Fodor, A. Gobbi, M. Dbeelalija, Fouad Rami, M. R. Stockmeier, M. Kirejczyk, V. T. Smolyankin, Z. Tyminski, I. E. Yushmanov, D. Wohlfarth, J. Kecskemeti, K. S. Sim, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, E. Cordier, Gabriel Stoicea, K. Winiewski, M. Korolija, R. Čaplar, Pascal Dupieux, Z. Basrak, Jean-Yves Ollitrault, Z. Seres, T. Kress, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, Detector, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Azimuth, 0103 physical sciences, 25.70.-z, 25.75.Ld, Order (group theory), Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Anisotropy, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Cumulant, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We report on the first analysis of directed and elliptic flow with the new method of Lee--Yang zeroes. Experimental data are presented for Ru+Ru reactions at 1.69 AGeV measured with the FOPI detector at SIS/GSI. The results obtained with several methods, based on the event-plane reconstruction, on Lee--Yang zeroes, and on multi-particle cumulants (up to 5th order) applied for the first time at SIS energies, are compared. They show conclusive evidence that azimuthal correlations between nucleons and composite particles at this energy are largely dominated by anisotropic flow., Comment: 5 pages, 3 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C Rapid Com

Published
2005
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19. Two-proton small-angle correlations in central heavy-ion collisions: a beam-energy and system-size dependent study

Author

R. Kotte, J. P. Alard, A. Andronic, V. Barret, Z. Basrak, N. Bastid, M. L. Benabderrahmane, R. Čaplar, E. Cordier, P. Crochet, P. Dupieux, M. Dželalija, Z. Fodor, I. Gašparić, A. Gobbi, Y. Grishkin, O. N. Hartmann, N. Herrmann, K. D. Hildenbrand, B. Hong, J. Kecskemeti, Y. J. Kim, M. Kirejczyk, P. Koczon, M. Korolija, T. Kress, A. Lebedev, Y. Leifels, X. Lopez, M. Merschmeyer, J. Mösner, W. Neubert, D. Pelte, M. Petrovici, F. Rami, W. Reisdorf, B. de Schauenburg, A. Schüttauf, Z. Seres, B. Sikora, K. S. Sim, V. Simion, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, V. Smolyankin, G. Stoicea, Z. Tyminski, P. Wagner, K. Wiśniewski, D. Wohlfarth, Z. G. Xiao, Y. Yushmanov, A. Zhilin, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Proton, Gaussian, 25.70.Pq - Multifragment emission and correlations, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Nuclear physics, symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, Nuclear Physics - Experiment, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Physics, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Interaction model, proton-proton correlations, relativistic nuclear collisions, intermediate-mass fragments, intensity interferometry, velocity correlations, pion spectra, Correlation function (statistical mechanics), symbols, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nucleon, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Small-angle correlations of pairs of protons emitted in central collisions of Ca + Ca, Ru + Ru and Au + Au at beam energies from 400 to 1500 MeV per nucleon are investigated with the FOPI detector system at SIS/GSI Darmstadt. Dependences on system size and beam energy are presented which extend the experimental data basis of pp correlations in the SIS energy range substantially. The size of the proton-emitting source is estimated by comparing the experimental data with the output of a final-state interaction model which utilizes either static Gaussian sources or the one-body phase-space distribution of protons provided by the BUU transport approach. The trends in the experimental data, i.e. system-size and beam energy dependences, are well reproduced by this hybrid model. However, the pp correlation function is found rather insensitive to the stiffness of the equation of state entering the transport model calculations., 9 pages, 8 figures, accepted at Eur. Phys. Journ. A

Published
2005
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20. Excitation function of elliptic flow in Au+Au collisions and the nuclear matter equation of state

Author

Xavier Bernard Lopez, Anton Andronic, N. Herrmann, B. Sikora, L. Benabderrahmane, Z. Seres, K. Wiśniewski, A. Mangiarotti, Philippe Crochet, K. S. Sim, E. Cordier, R. Čaplar, Igor Gašparić, M. Kirejczyk, A. Zhilin, J. Kecskemeti, M. R. Stockmeier, Gabriel Stoicea, W. Reisdorf, M. Merschmeyer, Valerie Ramillien Barret, V. Simion, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, M. Dželalija, T. Kress, Fouad Rami, Y. Leifels, D. Wohlfarth, Pascal Dupieux, P. Koczon, V. T. Smolyankin, B. de Schauenburg, G. Berek, Nicole Bastid, Zhigang Xiao, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Byung-Sik Hong, Yongsun Kim, A. Lebedev, A. Schüttauf, W. Neubert, Z. Basrak, Z. Tyminski, I. E. Yushmanov, Y. Grishkin, K. D. Hildenbrand, M. Korolija, Z. Fodor, P. Wagner, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI

Subjects
Excitation function, Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Range (particle radiation), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Elliptic flow, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, [PHYS.NEXP]Physics [physics]/Nuclear Experiment [nucl-ex], Nuclear matter, 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Flow (mathematics), 0103 physical sciences, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment, Scaling
Abstract

We present measurements of the excitation function of elliptic flow at midrapidity in Au+Au collisions at beam energies from 0.09 to 1.49 GeV per nucleon. For the integral flow, we discuss the interplay between collective expansion and spectator shadowing for three centrality classes. A complete excitation function of transverse momentum dependence of elliptic flow is presented for the first time in this energy range, revealing a rapid change with incident energy below 0.4 AGeV, followed by an almost perfect scaling at the higher energies. The equation of state of compressed nuclear matter is addressed through comparisons to microscopic transport model calculations., Comment: 10 pages, 4 eps figures, submitted for publication. Data files will be available at http://www.gsi.de/~fopiwww/pub/

Published
2005
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21. Nuclear Stopping from0.09Ato1.93A GeVand Its Correlation to Flow

Author

Philippe Crochet, V. Simion, Y. Leifels, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, Z. Fodor, K. Wisniewski, A. Gobbi, R. Čaplar, A. Schüttauf, Pascal Dupieux, Fouad Rami, I. E. Yushmanov, Xavier Bernard Lopez, K. S. Sim, P. Wagner, J. Mösner, J. P. Alard, Z. Seres, M. Merschmeyer, M. L. Benabderrahmane, R. Kotte, M. Dželalija, D. Pelte, Anton Andronic, M. Korolija, V. T. Smolyankin, Y. Grishkin, Byung-Sik Hong, Valerie Ramillien Barret, T. Kress, Z. Basrak, W. Neubert, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, N. Herrmann, B. Sikora, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, J. Kecskemeti, M. Kirejczyk, A. Zhilin, Nicole Bastid, Gabriel Stoicea, Z. Tyminski, P. Koczon, A. Lebedev, M. R. Stockmeier, D. Wohlfarth, K. D. Hildenbrand, W. Reisdorf, and B. de Schauenburg

Subjects
Nuclear physics, Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, Heavy ion, Nuclear Experiment, Excitation
Abstract

We present a complete systematics (excitation functions and system-size dependences) of global stopping and side flow for heavy ion reactions in the energy range between $0.09A$ and $1.93A\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$. For the heaviest system, $\mathrm{Au}+\mathrm{Au}$, we observe a plateau of maximal stopping extending from about $0.2A$ to $0.8A\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ with a fast drop on both sides. The degree of stopping, which is shown to remain significantly below the expectations of a full stopping scenario, is found to be highly correlated to the amount of side flow.

Published
2004
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22. Directed flow in Au+Au, Xe+CsI and Ni+Ni collisions and the nuclear equation of state

Author

M. Merschmeyer, Valerie Ramillien Barret, V. Simion, M. R. Stockmeier, P. Wagner, Xavier Bernard Lopez, R. Kotte, D. Pelte, P. Crochet, B. de Schauenburg, Anton Andronic, Y. Grishkin, A. Zhilin, Z. Tyminski, T. Kress, M. Dželalija, N. Herrmann, Ch. Finck, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, B. Sikora, V. T. Smolyankin, R. Čaplar, J. Kecskemeti, Mihai Petrovici, Byung-Sik Hong, J. P. Alard, W. Reisdorf, Nicole Bastid, O. N. Hartmann, Alexandre Lebedev, Z. Seres, A. Schüttauf, Z. Fodor, W. Neubert, I. E. Yushmanov, K. D. Hildenbrand, A. Gobbi, D. Wohlfarth, Gabriel Stoicea, Fouad Rami, M. Korolija, G. Berek, Yongsun Kim, Y. Leifels, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Pascal Dupieux, M. Kirejczyk, Z. Basrak, A. Devismes, and K. S. Sim

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Equation of state, Nuclear Theory, FOS: Physical sciences, Charge (physics), Nuclear equation of state, heavy-ion collisions, plus au collisions, momentum-dependent interactions, collective-flow, sideward flow, transverse flow, fragment flow, isospin dependence, mass dependence, balance energy, Nuclear matter, Momentum, Nuclear physics, Flow (mathematics), Isospin, Rapidity, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

We present new experimental data on directed flow in collisions of Au+Au, Xe+CsI and Ni+Ni at incident energies from 90 to 400A MeV. We study the centrality and system dependence of integral and differential directed flow for particles selected according to charge. All the features of the experimental data are compared with Isospin Quantum Molecular Dynamics (IQMD) model calculations in an attempt to extract information about the nuclear matter equation of state (EoS). We show that the combination of rapidity and transverse momentum analysis of directed flow allow to disentangle various parametrizations in the model. At 400A MeV, a soft EoS with momentum dependent interactions is best suited to explain the experimental data in Au+Au and Xe+CsI, but in case of Ni+Ni the model underpredicts flow for any EoS. At 90A MeV incident beam energy, none of the IQMD parametrizations studied here is able to consistently explain the experimental data., RevTeX, 20 pages, 30 eps figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C. Data files available at http://www.gsi.de/~fopiwww/pub/

Published
2003

23. Determination of N* amplitudes from associated strangeness production in p+p collisions

Author

R. Münzer, L. Fabbietti, E. Epple, S. Lu, P. Klose, F. Hauenstein, N. Herrmann, D. Grzonka, Y. Leifels, M. Maggiora, D. Pleiner, B. Ramstein, J. Ritman, E. Roderburg, P. Salabura, A. Sarantsev, Z. Basrak, P. Buehler, M. Cargnelli, R. Čaplar, H. Clement, O. Czerwiakowa, I. Deppner, M. Dželalija, W. Eyrich, Z. Fodor, P. Gasik, I. Gašparić, A. Gillitzer, Y. Grishkin, O.N. Hartmann, K.D. Hildenbrand, B. Hong, T.I. Kang, J. Kecskemeti, Y.J. Kim, M. Kirejczyk, M. Kiš, P. Koczon, R. Kotte, A. Lebedev, A. Le Fèvre, J.L. Liu, V. Manko, J. Marton, T. Matulewicz, K. Piasecki, F. Rami, A. Reischl, M.S. Ryu, P. Schmidt, Z. Seres, B. Sikora, K.S. Sim, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, V. Smolyankin, K. Suzuki, Z. Tymiński, P. Wagner, I. Weber, E. Widmann, K. Wiśniewski, Z.G. Xiao, T. Yamasaki, I. Yushmanov, P. Wintz, Y. Zhang, A. Zhilin, V. Zinyuk, and J. Zmeskal

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

We present the first determination of the energy-dependent amplitudes of N⁎ resonances extracted from their decay in KΛ pairs in p+p→pK+Λ reactions. A combined Partial Wave Analysis of seven data samples with exclusively reconstructed p+p→pK+Λ events measured by the COSY-TOF, DISTO, FOPI and HADES Collaborations in fixed target experiments at kinetic energies between 2.14 to 3.5 GeV is used to determine the amplitude of the resonant and non-resonant contributions into the associated strangeness final state. The contribution of seven N⁎ resonances with masses between 1650 MeV/c2 and 1900 MeV/c2 for an excess energy between 0 and 600 MeV has been considered. The Σ–p cusp and final state interactions for the p–Λ channel are also included as coherent contributions in the PWA. The N⁎ contribution is found to be dominant with respect to the phase space emission of the pKΛ+ final state at all energies demonstrating the important role played by both N⁎ and interference effects in hadron–hadron collisions. Keywords: Partial wave analysis, Resonance, Hadrons, Strangeness, Scattering length, Hyperon–nucleon interaction

Published
2018
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24. Droplet formation in expanding nuclear matter: a system-size dependent study

Author

K. D. Hildenbrand, Byung-Sik Hong, M. R. Stockmeier, D. Wohlfarth, W. Neubert, Nicole Bastid, N. Herrmann, M. Merschmeyer, P. Wagner, J. P. Alard, K. S. Sim, M. Korolija, Valerie Ramillien Barret, R. Kotte, Philippe Crochet, J. Mösner, B. Sikora, V. Simion, D. Pelte, Z. Tyminski, Y. Grishkin, K. Siwek-Wilczyńska, Z. Basrak, Xavier Bernard Lopez, T. Kress, Mihai Petrovici, O. N. Hartmann, W. Reisdorf, B. de Schauenburg, Y. Leifels, R. Čaplar, Anton Andronic, Gabriel Stoicea, M. Kirejczyk, A. Zhilin, Z. Seres, K. Wiśniewski, P. Koczon, J. Kecskemeti, I. E. Yushmanov, A. Lebedev, Z. Fodor, A. Gobbi, Fouad Rami, Pascal Dupieux, A. Schüttauf, M. Dželalija, V. T. Smolyankin, M. L. Benabderrahmane, Zhigang Xiao, Yongsun Kim, Institut de Recherches Subatomiques (IReS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Cancéropôle du Grand Est-Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Corpusculaire - Clermont-Ferrand (LPC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and FOPI

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Size dependent, Nuclear Theory, Nuclear matter, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Quantum molecular dynamics, Transverse velocity, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], 0103 physical sciences, Cluster (physics), Incident energy, Atomic physics, Multiplicity (chemistry), 010306 general physics, Nucleon, Nuclear Experiment
Abstract

Cluster production is investigated in central collisions of Ca+Ca, Ni+Ni, 96Zr+96Zr, 96Ru+96Ru, Xe+CsI and Au+Au reactions at 0.4 AGeV incident energy. We find that the multiplicity of clusters with charge Z >= 3 grows quadratically with the system's total charge and is associated with a mid-rapidity source with increasing transverse velocity fluctuations. When reduced to the same number of available charges, an increase of cluster production by about a factor of 5.5 is observed in the mid-rapidity region between the lightest system (Ca+Ca) and the heaviest one (Au+Au). The results, as well as simulations using Quantum Molecular Dynamics, suggest a collision process where droplets, i.e. nucleon clusters, are created in an expanding, gradually cooling, nucleon gas. Within this picture, expansion dynamics, collective radial flow and cluster formation are closely linked as a result of the combined action of nucleon-nucleon scatterings and the mean fields.

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25. Consistency test of coincidence-summing calculation methods for extended sources.

Author

Sima O, De Vismes Ott A, Dias MS, Dryak P, Ferreux L, Gurau D, Hurtado S, Jodlowski P, Karfopoulos K, Koskinas MF, Laubenstein M, Lee YK, Lépy MC, Luca A, Menezes MO, Moreira DS, Nikolič J, Peyres V, Saganowski P, Savva MI, Semmler R, Solc J, Thanh TT, Tyminska K, Tyminski Z, Vidmar T, Vukanac I, and Yucel H

Abstract

An internal consistency test of the calculation of coincidence-summing correction factors F C for volume sources is presented. The test is based on exact equations relating the values of F C calculated for three ideal measurement configurations. The test is applied to a number of 33 sets of F C values sent by 21 teams. Most sets passed the test, but not the results obtained using the quasi-point source approximation; in the latter case the test qualitatively indicated the magnitude of the bias of F C ., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2020
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26. (60)Co in cast steel matrix: A European interlaboratory comparison for the characterisation of new activity standards for calibration of gamma-ray spectrometers in metallurgy.

Author

Tzika F, Burda O, Hult M, Arnold D, Marroyo BC, Dryák P, Fazio A, Ferreux L, García-Toraño E, Javornik A, Klemola S, Luca A, Moser H, Nečemer M, Peyrés V, Reis M, Silva L, Šolc J, Svec A, Tyminski Z, Vodenik B, and Wätjen U

Abstract

Two series of activity standards of (60)Co in cast steel matrix, developed for the calibration of gamma-ray spectrometry systems in the metallurgical sector, were characterised using a European interlaboratory comparison among twelve National Metrology Institutes and one international organisation. The first standard, consisting of 14 disc shaped samples, was cast from steel contaminated during production ("originally"), and the second, consisting of 15 similar discs, from artificially-contaminated ("spiked") steel. The reference activity concentrations of (60)Co in the cast steel standards were (1.077±0.019) Bqg(-1) on 1 January 2013 12h00 UT and (1.483±0.022) Bqg(-1) on 1 June 2013 12h00 UT, respectively., (Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)

Published
2016
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27. A new large-volume metal reference standard for radioactive waste management.

Author

Tzika F, Hult M, Stroh H, Marissens G, Arnold D, Burda O, Kovář P, Suran J, Listkowska A, and Tyminski Z

Subjects
Humans, Reference Standards, Cobalt Radioisotopes analysis, Radiation Monitoring methods, Radioactive Waste analysis, Silver analysis, Waste Management standards
Abstract

A new large-volume metal reference standard has been developed. The intended use is for calibration of free-release radioactivity measurement systems and is made up of cast iron tubes placed inside a box of the size of a Euro-pallet (80 × 120 cm). The tubes contain certified activity concentrations of (60)Co (0.290 ± 0.006 Bq g(-1)) and (110m)Ag (3.05 ± 0.09 Bq g(-1)) (reference date: 30 September 2013). They were produced using centrifugal casting from a smelt into which (60)Co was first added and then one piece of neutron irradiated silver wire was progressively diluted. The iron castings were machined to the desirable dimensions. The final material consists of 12 iron tubes of 20 cm outer diameter, 17.6 cm inner diameter, 40 cm length/height and 245.9 kg total mass. This paper describes the reference standard and the process of determining the reference activity values., (© The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.)

Published
2016
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