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The development of silicon photonics provides a method of implementing high reliability and high precision for new micro-nano optical functional devices and system-on-chips. The asymmetric Fano resonance phenomenon caused by the mutual coupling of optical resonant cavities is extensively studied. The spectrum of Fano resonance has an asymmetric and sharp slope near the resonance wavelength. The wavelength range for tuning the transmission from zero to one is much narrow in Fano lineshape, therefore improving the figure of merits of power consumption, sensing sensitivity, and extinction ratio. The mechanism can significantly improve silicon-based optical switches, detectors, sensors, and optical non-reciprocal all-optical signal processing. Therefore, the mechanism and method of generating the Fano resonance, the applications of silicon-based photonic technology, and the physical meaning of the Fano formula’s parameters are discussed in detail. It can be concluded that the primary condition for creating the Fano resonance is that the dual-cavity coupling is a weak coupling, and the detuning of resonance frequency of the two cavities partly determines Fano resonance lineshapes. Furthermore, the electromagnetically induced transparency is generated when the frequency detuning is zero. The methods of generating Fano resonance by using different types of devices in silicon photonics (besides the two-dimensional photonic crystals) and the corresponding evolutions of Fano resonance are introduced and categorized, including simple photonic crystal nanobeam, micro-ring resonator cavity without sacrificing the compact footprint, micro-ring resonator coupling with other structures (mainly double micro-ring resonators), adjustable Mach-Zehnder interferometer, and others such as slit waveguide and self-coupling waveguide. Then, we explain the all-optical signal processing based on the Fano resonance phenomenon, and also discuss the differences among the design concepts of Fano resonance in optimizing optical switches, modulators, optical sensing, and optical non-reciprocity. Finally, the future development direction is discussed from the perspective of improving Fano resonance parameters. The topology structure can improve the robustness of the Fano resonance spectrum; the bound states in continuous mode can increase the slope of Fano spectrum; the Fano resonance can expand the bandwidth of resonance spectrum by combining other material systems besides silicon photonics; the multi-mode Fano resonances can enhance the capability of the spectral multiplexing; the reverse design methods can improve the performance of the device. We believe that this review can provide an excellent reference for researchers who are studying the silicon photonic devices.

由于马赫-曾德尔（Mach Zehnder）光纤干涉传感系统的定位精度在实际应用中受到初始相位偏移的影响,本文针对系统的光路结构,提出了一种基于3×3耦合器的被动数字化解调方法.利用3×3耦合器的2路输出信号构成椭圆曲线,在约束条件下对信号系数进行最小二乘拟合,然后采用微分交叉相乘法解调出相位信号.与传统的解调方法相比,提出的方法降低了对耦合器高对称性的要求,不需限制其它参数;约束条件下椭圆拟合的鲁棒性好,尤其是对于椭圆度较差的数据点具有很强的适应能力,适用于微弱振动信号的解调.仿真结果和现场实验数据证明该方法切实有效,运算量小,利用现场数据解调出的相位信号相关性达到0.992 0;互相关计算显示其在总长43 km的管道上的定位误差为81.2m,有效提高了系统性能.

In a dual Mach-Zehnder fiber interferometric sensing system,the high locating accuracy is hardly obtained due to the discrepancy of two detection signals resulting from polarization fading.To keep the stability of the detection signals,a method to control the polarization fading was proposed in this paper.A optical polarization model was established to analyze the origin of polarization fading in the system.It points out that the basic reason for the discrepancy of the detection signal correlation is from that the inconsistency of the polarization characteristics between two sensing fibers results in the effect of the input polarization on detection signals.Based on the analysis,the solutions of controlling the input polarization and searching for the working points of polarization state were put forward to eliminate the polarization fading.Furthermore,the requirements of polarization control were further determined by analyzing the relation between signal correlation coefficients and two parameters of input polarization,and simulated annealing was applied to the verification of this theory.Field test results show that the algorithm can make a fast search for the working points of polarization state,and can maintain a steady signal correlation.It is proved that the polarization fading control method is feasible and effective.