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Objective To investigate the relationship between the expression of Holliday junction recognition protein(HJURP) in lung cance tissues and prognosis of patients with lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD), and to explore the effect of HJURP on proliferation of LUAD cells(H1299 and SPC-A1). Methods Human non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tissues and paired normal lung tissues(n=17) were collected from Department of Oncology of Rocket Force Medical Center from February 2019 to May 2020. RT-qPCR and Western blotting were applied to analyze the expression of HJURP in NSCLC tissues and normal tissues. Public available databases, the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) and Kaplan-Meier Plotter(KM-plot), were used to analyze the expression of HJURP of LUAD tissues and normal tissues and the predictive effect of prognosis in patients with LUAD. 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine (EDU) incorporation assay was applied to investigate the effect of knock-dowm HJURP on the proliferation of cancer cell lines (H1299, SPC-A1). Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the relationship between HJURP and the expression of forkhead box protein M1(FOXM1). Chromatin immunoprecipitation(ChIP) assay was used to analyze the transcription regulation effect of FOXM1 on HJUPR. Dual-luciferase reporter assay was used to analyze the combination of FOXM1 and HJURP promoter. SiRNA was used to knock down FOXM1, which could detect the effect on the expression of HJURP. Results Compared with normal lung tissues, LUAD tissues had increased HJURP expression via RT-qPCR and Western blotting(P < 0.05). Increased HJURP expression in tumor tissues was correlated with a poor prognosis of patients with LUAD based on survival analysis of LUAD patients in TCGA and KM-plot(P < 0.05). Knock-down of HJURP inhibited the proliferation of H1299 (P < 0.05) and SPC-A1(P < 0.05) cells. The expression of FOXM1 correlated positively with HJURP in LUAD (medical center: r=0.581 3, P < 0.05; TCGA: r=0.877 6, P < 0.05; CCLE: r=0.455 1, P < 0.05). The results of ChIP assay and dual-luciferase reporter assay showed FOXM1 could combine the promoter region of HJURP. The expression of HJURP decreased after knocking down FOXM1(P < 0.05). Conclusion HJURP is involved in the regulation of the proliferation of LUAD cells. Increased HJURP expression in LUAD tissues is related to a poor prognosis. FOXM1 is the main upstream transcription factor for regulating HJURP.

Objective To investigate the role of tumor draining lymph nodes (TDLN) in the generation of memory CD8+ T cells under the context of neoadjuvant anti-PD-L1 therapy. Methods A mouse transplanted model of CT26/MC38-OVA colon cancer was established to recapitulate clinic neoadjuvant anti-PD-L1 therapy, and then the tumor masses and TDLN were removed in 15 d after transplantation. On day 30 after surgery, the effect of TDLN on the formation of immune memory was assessed under the condition of neoadjuvant PD-L1 antibody therapy by tumor re-challenge. The effect of neoadjuvant PD-L1 on tumor-specific CD8+ T cells was investigated by adoptive transfer CD45.1+ OT-Ⅰ cells. The distribution and phenotype of CD45+ CD8+T cells in various tissues were determined by flow cytometry at the time of surgery (effector phase) and 30 d after surgery (memory phase). Results The tumor mass was reduced significantly after receiving neoadjuvant anti-PD-L1 therapy (P < 0.05). After tumor re-challenge, tumor growth was significantly slowed in the mice treated with neoadjuvant PD-L antibody, whereas TDLN resection accelerated the tumor growth (P < 0.05). However, long-term survival of tumor re-challenge showed that all tumors were eventually subsided, whether or not the mice treated with neoadjuvant PD-L antibody. The results of adoptive reinjection indicated that the number of CD45.1+ CD8+ T cells being stored in TDLN and no-draining lymph nodes (NLN) was the highest (P < 0.05). Tcm (T central memory) cells and Trm (tissue-resident memory) cells were mainly distributed in TDLN and NLN in memory phase (P < 0.05). The distribution and memory phenotype of CD45.1+ CD8+ T cells in TDLN and NLN had no obvous changes after neoadjuvant anti-PD-L1 therapy. Conclusion TDLN is the primary site for the storage of memory CD8+ T cells, but under the condition of neoadjuvant PD-L1 antibody treatment, TDLN resection does not affect their long-term anti-tumor immunity.

User Equipment (UE) authentication holds paramount importance in upholding the security of wireless networks. A nascent technology, Radio Frequency Fingerprint Identification (RFFI), is gaining prominence as a means to bolster network security authentication. To expedite the integration of RFFI within fifth-generation (5G) networks, this research undertakes the creation of a comprehensive link-level simulation platform tailored for 5G scenarios. The devised platform emulates various device impairments, including an oscillator, IQ modulator, and power amplifier (PA) nonlinearities, alongside simulating channel distortions. Consequent to this, a plausibility analysis is executed, intertwining transmitter device impairments with 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) new radio (NR) protocols. Subsequently, an exhaustive exploration is conducted to assess the impact of transmitter impairments, deep neural networks (DNNs), and channel effects on RF fingerprinting performance. Notably, under a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of 15 dB, the deep learning approach demonstrates the capability to accurately classify 100 UEs with a commendable 91% accuracy rate. Through a multifaceted evaluation, it is ascertained that the Attention-based network architecture emerges as the optimal choice for the RFFI task, serving as the new benchmark model for RFFI applications.

Anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy, either by anti–PD-1 antibody or anti–PD-L1 antibody, has efficacy by reinvigorating tumor-infiltrating CD8+ T cells in a subset of patients with cancer, but it has unequal effects on heterogeneous CD8+ T cell populations. Hence, the subset crucial to efficacious PD-1 blockade therapy remains elusive. Here, we found an increase in tumor-infiltrating CD200+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) upon PD-1/PD-L1 blockade, with higher proportions of CD200+ T cells positively related to a favorable clinical outcome to anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy in three independent cohorts of patients with cancer. Using multiple mouse tumor models, we demonstrated that CD200+ CTLs are essential for efficacious anti–PD-L1 therapy. Mechanistically, we observed a unique chromatin landscape in CD200+ CTLs and found that these cells are enriched for tumor antigen–specific CTLs and have antitumor effector functions. Coinoculation of CD200+ CTLs with tumor cells led to robust tumor regression in two transplanted mouse models. Clinically, we found that infiltration of CD200+ CTLs into tumors could predict immunotherapy efficacy in six patient cohorts. Together, our findings reveal that CD200+ CTLs in the tumor microenvironment are crucial for efficacious anti–PD-1/PD-L1 therapy and could serve as a predictor of successful immunotherapy in the clinic. Identifying responders: A challenge for the field of cancer immunotherapy is identifying which patients will respond to immune checkpoint blockade treatments such as anti-PD-1 or anti-PD-L1. Here, Wang et al. showed using murine tumor models that CD200+ CD8+ T cells were crucial for the efficacy of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy. These CD200+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes had a unique chromatin landscape and possessed superior anti-tumor effector functions as compared to CD200- CD8+ T cells. Further, the authors showed, using data from multiple patient cohorts, that CD200+ T cells could predict immunotherapy efficacy, suggesting that this cell population could serve as a potential marker in the clinic. —CM [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-PD-(L)1 therapy has shown great efficacy in some patients with cancer. However, a significant proportion of patients with cancer do not respond to it. Another unmet clinical need for anti-PD-(L)1 therapy is the dynamic monitoring of treatment effects. Therefore, identifying biomarkers that can stratify potential responders before PD-(L)1 treatment and timely monitoring of the efficacy of PD-(L)1 treatment are crucial in the clinical setting. The identification of biomarkers by liquid biopsy has attracted considerable attention. Among the identified biomarkers, circulating T cells are one of the most promising because of their indispensable contribution to anti-PD-(L)1 therapy. The present review aimed to thoroughly explore the potential of circulating T cells as biomarkers of anti-PD-(L)1 therapy and its advantages and limitations., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. The author(s) declared that they were an editorial board member of Frontiers, at the time of submission. This had no impact on the peer review process and the final decision, (Copyright © 2024 Hou, Yang, Xie, Zhu and Zha.)

Fabrication of a dense polymer/ceramic composite membrane with high permeability remains a great challenge. In this study, a highly selective polydopamine (PDA)/ceramic composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane was prepared by using an Al 2 O 3 ceramic membrane with pore size of 0.1 μm as the support layer. In order to improve the membrane formation rate, KMnO 4 was introduced to oxidize the dopamine to improve the reactivity, and Na 2 CO 3 was used to adjust the pH value of the dopamine solution. When the addition amount of KMnO 4 is 0.2 g L -1 and that of Na 2 CO 3 is 1 g L -1 , a functional layer can be formed within 10 min. PDA and polyethyleneimine (PEI) were added to the functional layer to adjust the selectivity of the composite membrane. The composite membrane showed a rejection of 99.7% towards Congo red dye with a high flux of 165 L (m 2 h bar) -1 at ambient temperature. After 3 h treatment with Congo red, the fouling resistance of the membrane was improved compared with that of the ceramic based membrane. The surface morphology and composition of the composite membrane were also characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), which confirmed the successful preparation of the PDA/ceramic composite membrane., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry.)