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To study the effectiveness and feasibility of cryogenic disinfectants in different cold scenarios and analyze the key points of on-site cryogenic disinfection. Qingdao and Suifenhe were selected as application sites for the manual or mechanical spraying of cryogenic disinfectants. The same amount of disinfectant (3,000 mg/L) was applied on cold chain food packaging, cold chain containers, transport vehicles, alpine environments, and article surfaces. The killing log value of the cryogenic disinfectant against the indicator microorganisms (Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli) was used to evaluate the on-site disinfection effect. When using 3,000 mg/L with an action time of 10 min on the ground in alpine regions, the surface of frozen items, cold-chain containers, and cold chain food packaging in supermarkets, all external surfaces were successfully disinfected, with a pass rate of 100%. The disinfection pass rates for cold chain food packaging and cold chain transport vehicles of centralized supervised warehouses and food processing enterprises were 12.5% (15/120), 81.67% (49/60), and 93.33% (14/15), respectively; yet, the surfaces were not fully sprayed. Cryogenic disinfectants are effective in disinfecting alpine environments and the outer packaging of frozen items. The application of cryogenic disinfectants should be regulated to ensure that they cover all surfaces of the disinfected object, thus ensuring effective cryogenic disinfection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the recycling efficiency of end-of-life product is an important way to ensure that the reverse supply chain operate efficiently. A two-stage reverse supply chain consisting of one re-manufacturer and one recycler was considered in this paper. The paper analyzed the insufficient incentive problem in traditional revenue-sharing contract, and then put forward a new contract with coordination function by using game theory and incentive theory. The form of the contract was further discussed respectively in the situation of symmetric information and asymmetric information about recyclers' cost type. The effects of certain parameters on coordination mechanism were illustrated with a numerical simulation. The conclusion in this paper will be valuable to the operation of reverse supply chain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quantity discount is introduced into sequential second-price auctions with two stochastically equivalent complementary objects. We study the impact of quantity discount on the buyers' equilibrium bidding strategies and expected surplus, set up the programming problem for the seller to choose the optimal quantity discount in order to maximize her ex ante expected revenue. Our analysis shows that: adopting quantity discount induces intense competition among the bidders, adequate quantity discount can increase the seller's ex ante expected revenue and optimal quantity discount decreases as the number of bidders increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the role of cytokines and lymphocyte subsets in the diagnosis, prognosis and efficacy evaluation of DLBCL patients, and the effects of Tislelizumab on immune function and cytokines in DLBCL patients., Methods: Twenty-three patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL were selected as DLBCL group and 34 patients with megaloblastic anemia as the control group. The levels of peripheral blood cytokines IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, TNF- α and IFN-γ by ELISA method. The levels of peripheral blood CD3 + , CD4 + , CD8 + T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes and NK cells， the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + were detected by flow cytometry. The levels of cytokins and lymphocyto subsets in DLBCL patients with different clinical data and different therapeutic effects were compared., Results: The levels of cytokines IL-2, IL-6 and IL-10 in DLBCL group were significantly higher than those in control group, but there was no significant correlation between cytokine levels and age and gender. The higher IPI score, higher Ann Arbor stage, B symptoms, higher β 2 -MG, LDH and CRP levels, IL-6 and IL-10 levels were significantly higher, and IL-4 was also significantly higher in patients with high LDH levels. Compared with the ineffective group, the levels of IL-6 and IL-10 were significantly lower and the level of CD4 + T cells and the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + was significantly higher in the effective group before therapy. The levels of IL-6, IL-10 and B lymphocytes in the effective group decreased significantly after therapy compared to those before therapy. After 4 cycles of therapy, the level of IL-2 and the ratio of CD4 + /CD8 + in the Tislelizumab group were significantly higher than those in the non-Tislelizumab group, and the level of CD8 + T cells was significantly lower than that in the non-Tislelizumab group( P <0.05). The level of B lymphocytes in both the Tislelizumab group and the non-Tislelizumab group after therapy was significantly lower than that before therapy., Conclusion: The expression of cytokines and lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood of patients with DLBCL is abnormal, which is related to the severity, prognosis and therapeutic effect of the disease. Tislelizumab can improve the immune function of patients with DLBCL by affecting cytokines and lymphocyte subsets and strengthen anti-tumor immunity.

Objective: To investigate the expression level of S100A6 mRNA in MM and to its clinical significance, and to evaluate its significance., Methods: The expression level of S100A6 mRNA in MM patients was determined by real time quantitative PCR(RQ-PCR), and its relationship with the clinical features and outcomes of patients was analyzed by statistic method., Results: S100A6 mRNA was detected in 20 MM patients. Compared with normal persons, the S100A6 mRNA expression in MM patients was higher. In different groups, the S100A6 mRNA expression in MM patients of 3 stages was higer than that in patients of 1 and 2 stages. MM patients with higher S100A6 mRNA expression had poor prognosis and higer extramedullary metastasis rate., Conclusion: The high expression of S100A6 mRNA is associated with poor prognosis and may be a prognostic molecular marker of MM.