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3,053 results on '"ZHANG, Yanling"'

2. 2023 Research Report on the Development of the Education Metaverse

Author

Wen, Fuan, Chen, Qingkui, Wang, Shijie, Zhang, Yanling, He, Shuai, Liu, Shiqiang, Cao, Zhengbiao, Wang, Zhiyuan, Xu, Guobiao, Zhang, Zhen, Hu, Yanni, Huang, Ronghuai, Series Editor, Kinshuk, Series Editor, Jemni, Mohamed, Series Editor, Chen, Nian-Shing, Series Editor, Spector, J. Michael, Series Editor, Zeng, Haijun, editor, Pan, Jingwen, editor, Xu, Jian, editor, and Sun, Qiurui, editor

Published
2025
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7. Overview of oral soft tissue esthetic assessment methods based on smile esthetics

Author

XU Yangeng, ZHANG Yanling, HU Wenjie, WANG Cui, WEI Ning

Subjects
smile esthetics, soft tissue esthetics, pink esthetics, dental esthetics, smile esthetic assessment, Dentistry, RK1-715, Other systems of medicine, RZ201-999
Abstract

An attractive smile is the goal and challenge of oral esthetic treatment. The characteristics of lips, teeth, and gingival are the three essential elements of smile esthetics. In the past, dentists mainly focused on“white esthetics”related to the hard tissue features. But recently, scholars have found that soft tissue esthetics plays a decisive role in the overall harmony and attractiveness of a smile. Currently, there is no standardized evaluation criterion or analytical process specifically addressing soft tissue esthetics in relation to smile attractiveness. This paper aims to propose key soft tissue variables in smile esthetics, summarize the facial soft tissue features and esthetic preferences of Chinese people, sort out clinical evaluation methods, and provide a reference for the oral clinical esthetic diagnosis and treatment.

Published
2025
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8. Emergence of Fairness Behavior Driven by Reputation-Based Voluntary Participation in Evolutionary Dictator Games

Author

Zhang, Yanling, Li, Yin, Chen, Xiaojie, and Xie, Guangming

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory
Abstract

Recently, reputation-based indirect reciprocity has been widely applied to the study on fairness behavior. Previous works mainly investigate indirect reciprocity by considering compulsory participation. While in reality, individuals may choose voluntary participation according to the opponent's reputation. It is still unclear how such reputation-based voluntary participation influences the evolution of fairness. To address this question, we introduce indirect reciprocity with voluntary participation into the dictator game (DG). We respectively consider good dictators or recipients can voluntarily participate in games when the opponents are assessed as bad. We theoretically calculate the fairness level under all social norms of third-order information. Our findings reveal that several social norms induce the high fairness level in both scenarios. However, more social norms lead to a high fairness level for voluntary participation of recipients, compared with the one of good dictators. The results also hold when the probability of voluntary participation is not low. Our results demonstrate that recipients' voluntary participation is more effective in promoting the emergence of fairness behavior.

Published
2023
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20. Social norms of fairness with reputation-based role assignment in the dictator game

Author

Li, Qing, Li, Songtao, Zhang, Yanling, Chen, Xiaojie, and Yang, Shuo

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Science and Game Theory
Abstract

A vast body of experiments share the view that social norms are major factors for the emergence of fairness in a population of individuals playing the dictator game (DG). Recently, to explore which social norms are conducive to sustaining cooperation has obtained considerable concern. However, thus far few studies have investigated how social norms influence the evolution of fairness by means of indirect reciprocity. In this study, we propose an indirect reciprocal model of the DG and consider that an individual can be assigned as the dictator due to its good reputation. We investigate the `leading eight' norms and all second-order social norms by a two-timescale theoretical analysis. We show that when role assignment is based on reputation, four of the `leading eight' norms, including stern judging and simple standing, lead to a high level of fairness, which increases with the selection intensity. Our work also reveals that not only the correct treatment of making a fair split with good recipients but also distinguishing unjustified unfair split from justified unfair split matters in elevating the level of fairness., Comment: Chaos, Accepted: 3 October 2022

Published
2022
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