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This study investigated the physical properties and pest resistance of five common packaging materials. Tests were conducted on tensile properties, right-angle tearing strength, puncture resistance, combustion performance, friction coefficient, drop resistance, pressure resistance, and sealing performance. Pest resistance was evaluated using adult Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), adult Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius), and newly hatched larvae of L. serricorne. The results showed that, in terms of mechanical properties, woven bags and aluminum foil bags exhibited superior tensile, tear, and puncture resistance. However, when used as packaging bags, non-woven fabrics and woven bags demonstrated better performance in friction, drop, and pressure resistance. All five packaging materials effectively protected wheat flour from stored grain pests, with vacuum plastic bags and aluminum foil bags providing complete protection.

[Objective] To study the vertical distribution pattern of cadmium (Cd) in shallow karst fissure soil, analyze the impacts of various factors on the distribution of Cd in fissures, and provide a scientific basis for future research on the distribution pattern of Cd in underground fissure soil and the prevention and control of Cd pollution. [Methods] Taking the small watershed of Baobao Mountain in Weining County, a region with a typical high geological background in the northwest of Guizhou, as the research object, the total Cd concentration and speciation of Cd in shallow fissure soil, along with five soil property indicators such as pH value, organic matter content, cation exchange capacity (CEC), particle size, and aggregate were systematically analyzed. The distribution pattern of Cd and its influencing factors were examined using one-way ANOVA and correlation analysis. [Results] (1) The physical and chemical properties of the fissure soil significantly affected the distribution of Cd. (2) The average pH value of the fissure soil was 6.70. The average Cd concentration was 2.99 mg/kg, the concentration was high at 0—20 cm and gradually decreased with increasing soil depth, and Cd was predominantly in the reducible form. (3) Total Cd concentration was mainly influenced by soil pH, CEC, clay, silt, and water-stable aggregates, with CEC being the primary controlling factor for the vertical distribution of Cd. (4) The distribution of Cd speciation was controlled by different factors, depending on the form of Cd, with the weak acid-extractable form primarily influenced by organic matter, the reducible form mainly influenced by CEC, the oxidizable form mainly influenced by CEC, clay, and silt, and the residual form mainly influenced by silt content. (5) There was a significant difference in Cd concentration between the soils of funnel-shaped and trapezoidal fissure profiles and the rectangular fissure profile. [Conclusion] The vertical distribution pattern of Cd in fissure soil is jointly influenced by soil physicochemical properties and fissure morphology, with rectangular fissures being more conducive to the accumulation of Cd.

Silicone rubber composites with anti-ablation and thermal insulation properties were prepared with hot vulcanized silicone rubber as matrix, and polyarylacetylene, short carbon fiber, zirconia and carbon fiber cloth as anti-ablation fillers, and the effect of anti-ablation fillers on linear ablation rate and substrate temperature of the composites was investigated. The results showed that the linear ablation rate and substrate temperature of the composites were decreased with the sequential addition of the anti-ablation fillers. When the addition amount of polyarylacetylene, short carbon fiber, zirconia, and carbon fiber cloth were all 10 phr (mass), the resul-ting composite had the best anti-ablation and thermal insulation properties with a linear ablation rate of 0.043 mm/s and a substrate temperature of 70 ℃. This was mainly attributed to the ceramization-carbonization coupling reaction between the anti-ablation fillers and silicone rubber matrix, which led to the formation of a dense ablation layer that covered the surface of carbon fiber cloth.

Light trapping is an environmentally friendly pest insect monitoring method. Deeply understanding the influence of different wavelengths and light intensities of light source on the phototaxis of stored grain insects is very helpful for improving light trapping effectiveness. Thus, the phototaxis of adults of Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae), Lasioderma serricorne (F.) (Coleoptera: Ptinidae), Cryptolestes ferrugineus (Stephens) (Coleoptera: Laemophloeidae), Tribolium confusum (Jacquelin du Val) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Sitophilus zeamais (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) to LED lights of different wavelengths and intensities were investigated in laboratory, respectively. The results showed that S. oryzae adults had the highest phototactic ratio (81.11%) to LED lights with a wavelength of 590 nm and a light intensity of 170 lx. T. castaneum adults had the highest phototactic ratio (92.22%) to LED lights with a wavelength of 520 nm and a light intensity of 120 lx. L. serricorne adults had the highest phototactic ratio (77.78%) to LED lights with a wavelength of 460 nm and a light intensity of 170 lx. C. ferrugineus adults had the highest phototactic ratio (93.33%) to LED lights with a wavelength of 365 nm. T. confusum adults had the highest phototactic ratio (84.44%) to LED lights with a wavelength of 460 nm and a light intensity of 120 lx, and S. zeamais adults showed the highest phototactic ratio (88.89%) to LED lights with a wavelength of 365 nm. These results have reference value for effectively designing integrated pest management (IPM) strategies utilizing the phototaxis of stored grain insects.

Iron-copper modified coal gangue(Fe2O3-CuO/rCG) was prepared using coal gangue(CG) as raw material through calcination, acid leaching and metal modification. The morphology and structure of Fe2O3-CuO/rCG were characterized and analyzed, and the degradation efficiency and mechanism of Fe2O3-CuO/rCG system on benzotriazole(BTA) were studied. The results showed that the specific surface area and total pore volume of Fe2O3-CuO/rCG significantly increased after modification. Fe2O3 and CuO were successfully filled inside the pores of materials. The optimal preparation conditions for Fe2O3-CuO/rCG were calcination temperature of 650 ℃, calcination time of 3 hours, and metal ion loading concentration of 0.07 mol/L. The optimal conditions for BTA degradation in Fe2O3-CuO/rCG/H2O2 system were BTA concentration of 30 mg/L, Fe2O3-CuO/rCG dosage of 2 g/L, H2O2 concentration of 7 mmol/L, temperature of 25 ℃, and rotational speed of 240 r/min. After 2 hours of reaction, the highest degradation rate of BTA in system could reach 94.86%, and the removal rates of TOC and TN could reach 87.69% and 84.27%, respectively. The Fe2O3-CuO/rCG coupled Fenton system had two main mechanisms for removing BTA:adsorption and catalytic degradation. Adsorption mainly involved gap filling, ligand adsorption, and hydrogen bonding. During the catalytic degradation process, ·OH and 1O2 were the main active species, with dominated by 1O2. Moreover, the redox cycle of Fe2+/Fe3+ and Cu+/Cu2+ accelerated the generation of active species in Fenton-like system.

Knee osteoarthritis (KOA) is a chronic degenerative joint disease that occurs mostly in the elderly over the age of 60. Exercise therapy, represented by Tai Chi Chuan, has been proven to have good effective in relieving chronic pain caused by KOA. Long-term practice of Tai Chi Chuan can effectively improve knee and ankle proprioception, enhance dynamic stability and reduce the risk of falls in patients with KOA. However, there is no unified consensus on the specific mechanism of Tai Chi Chuan. Patients with KOA have obvious changes in their biomechanical characteristics. The changes in biomechanical parameters are the initial factors and pathological basis of KOA. This study explores the mechanical effects of Tai Chi Chuan on the knee joint of patients with KOA based on sports biomechanics and analyzes the potential mechanism of Tai Chi Chuan in improving KOA, in order to provide a theoretical basis for Tai Chi Chuan intervention in KOA. The theory of sports biomechanics involved in Tai Chi Chuan includes dynamic part, static part and kinematic part. From the perspective of sports biomechanics, the potential mechanism of Tai Chi Chuan to improve KOA includes four aspects: improving balance ability, improving stability (improving quadriceps muscle strength, coordinating muscle groups around the knee joint and reducing the medial load of the knee joint in patients with KOA), balancing intra-articular stress (reducing the peak stress of meniscus and cartilage, improving lower limb muscle strength and lower limb alignment) and reducing movement reaction force. However, there are still some inadequacies in Tai Chi Chuan practice, which may affect the analysis of sports biomechanics, specifically manifest in the following four aspects: (1) The training method for Tai Chi Chuan beginners may not be appropriate, which may increase the probability of muscle, ligament and joint injuries. (2) Tai Chi Chuan training movements are difficult. Subjects tend to have nonstandard movements when they learn in a short time, which easily affects the accuracy of research data. (3) The gradual increase of dropout rate is not conducive to data statistics. (4) Complete Tai Chi Chuan is time-consuming and difficult to analyze individually. At present, representative movements are mainly analyzed, and research on non-representative movements is scarce.

ObjectiveTo understand the survival time and possible influencing factors of pneumoconiosis patients in Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province who were followed up from 2019 to 2023, and to provide references for prolonging the survival time of pneumoconiosis patients.MethodsInformation about pneumoconiosis patients was collected from the sub-module Occupational Disease Follow-Up Management and Follow-Up Excel database of the Occupational Disease and Health Hazards Monitoring Information System. Survival analysis was conducted through applying Kaplan-Meier survival curves and Cox regression models.ResultsOf the 366 pneumoconiosis patients, 99.73% were male, 71.04% had stage Ⅰ pneumoconiosis, and the disease type was mainly silicosis. The survival rates at 5, 10, and 20 years after diagnosis of pneumoconiosis were 97%, 88%, and 62%, respectively, with a cumulative survival rate of 42%. The median survival time of patients with pneumoconiosis was 32.11 years. Log-rank test found statistically significant differences in the survival curves among pneumoconiosis patients with different pneumoconiosis stages, age at first diagnosis, and pneumoconiosis complications. Cox regression analysis revealed that the risk of reduced survival time in patients with pneumoconiosis stage Ⅲ was 2.184 times higher than that of patients with stage Ⅰ (P=0.007). In comparison with the age of first diagnosis at

Autonomic nerve dysfunction is a common non-motor symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD). It has a high incidence and involves multiple organ system disorders with various manifestations, seriously affecting the quality of life. Autonomic nerve dysfunction can be a major symptom of advanced PD and a major cause of disability. Subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) is an effective treatment for advanced PD, and its improvement of motor symptoms in PD patients has been widely recognized. However, the effect of STN - DBS on the symptoms of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD patients is still unclear. Here, the efficacy of STN - DBS on PD autonomic nerve dysfunction is briefly reviewed. Therefore, we should pay more attention to the symptoms of autonomic nerve dysfunction in PD patients, and conduct preoperative evaluation of DBS in PD patients, so as to comprehensively consider the postoperative efficacy, target selection, stimulus parameter setting, drug adjustment, develop an individualized treatment plan.

ObjectivesThe absorption and regeneration properties of different formulations of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) mixed with different diamines were studied.MethodsIn the simulated flue gas environment with 12% CO2 and 88% N2, MDEA was used as the main agent, while ethylenediamine (EDA), 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), N-methyl-1,3-propanediamine (MAPA), aminoethylethano-lamine (AEEA), N,N-dimethylethylenediamine (DMEDA) and 3-dimethylaminopropylamine (DMPDA) were added as activators, respectively. Under a total amine concentration of 40%, the chemical absorbent was configured with mass ratios of main agent to activator of 1∶1, 2∶1 and 3∶1, respectively. The absorption rate, regeneration rate and circulation capacity of different absorbers were determined by comparing bubble absorption and oil bath regeneration experiments.ResultsMDEA-EDA system has the best absorption property when the mass ratio of MDEA to EDA is 1∶1. The MDEA-DMEDA system has the best regeneration property when the mass ratio of MDEA to DMEDA is 2∶1, with a circulation capacity reaching 1.7 mol/kg. The overall properties of MDEA-AEEA system are optimized when the mass ratio of MDEA to AEEA is 1∶1, with a cycle capacity reaching 1.49 mol/kg.ConclusionsThe research results can provide a theoretical basis for the formulation optimization of mixed amine solutions in industry.

In order to clarify the controlling effect of different packaging materials on common storage pests, the penetration and survival of 7 kinds of high density polyethylene films with different concentrations of deltamethrin by the larvae of 3 common species of stored grain pests (Tribolium castaneum (Herbst), Tribolium confusum Duval and Lasioderma serricorne (Fabricius)) were investigated after being treated by two penetration methods for different times at 27~29 ℃ and 70%~80% RH. The results showed that all the tested new insect-proof films had certain insect resistance capabilities, which were different based on species of stored grain insects. In addition, the insect resistance capability of the 6 kinds of new films containing chemicals was higher than that of the control films after 9 days of treatment, and the anti-penetration rate of 1% A (HDPE particle containing 5% deltamethrin by mass) film, 3% A film, 1% B (HDPE particle containing 5% deltamethrin and 2% isoethers by mass) film and 3% B film was 100% under two penetration modes. The survival rate of all three species larvae decreased with increasing treatment time. After 9 days of parallel penetration treatment, the survival rate of three species of larvae on 3%B film was significantly lower than that of other films, and the survival rate of L. serricorne larvae reduced to 10% at the lowest. According to the penetration resistance and larvae survival rate of the test insects on the films, 3% B film had the best insect control effectiveness.

The TiC/IN625 coatings were prepared on 45 steel substrates by using extreme-high-speed laser cladding(EHLA) technology. The effect of different heat treatment temperatures(800, 1000 ℃ and 1200 ℃) on the microstructure, surface morphology, residual stress and corrosion resistance of TiC/IN625 coatings was analyzed. The results show that the coating segregation phenomenon is alleviated with the increase of heat treatment temperature. The distribution of Ti elements in the HT1000 coating is more uniform than that in the HT0 and HT800 coatings. The part Laves phase in the HT0 coatings starts to dissolve in the HT1000 coatings, releasing Nb elements that recombine with C and Ti elements to generate MC (M=Nb, Ti) carbides. The large-sized carbides in the microstructure of HT1200 coatings surface dissolve. The other elements, such as Ti and Ni, more homogeneously distribute and diffuse into the inter-dendritic region. The residual stress on the HT0 coatings surface is mostly expressed as residual tensile stress, with a maximum value of 362 MPa. The electrochemical corrosion tests indicate that the open-circuit potential is increased from －0.139 V for the HT0 coatings to －0.132 V for the HT1200 coatings. The charge transfer resistance (Rct) of HT800, HT1000 and HT1200 coatings is also larger than that of the HT0 coatings, with an increase of 46.2%, 31.2% and 64.3% compared to the HT0 coating's 4.785×105 Ω∙cm2, respectively.

The tight sandstone reservoirs are deeply buried and strongly influenced by diagenetic processes such as mechanical compaction， dissolution， and metasomatism. Therefore， their lithological characteristics are complex. As the exploration and development of oil and gas resources go towards deeper reservoirs， the high ground stress and high confining pressure in deep layers have a significant impact on the brittleness and plasticity of reservoirs， which affects the hydraulic fracturing effect and oil and gas production. The deep tight sandstone reservoir in central Junggar Basin has abundant reserves. However， traditional oil and gas extraction methods fail to meet production needs due to the deep burial depth， poor physical properties， and abnormally high confining pressure of the reservoir， as well as limited understanding of the brittleness variation law of its in-situ geomechanical core. To this end， through physical experiments and numerical simulation techniques， this paper studies the differences in rock mechanics characteristics， brittleness and plasticity transformation， fracture modes， and acoustic emission characteristics of deep rock cores in the central Junggar Basin. The results show that as the confining pressure increases， the rock transitions from brittle failure to plastic failure， and the fracture mode changes from splitting failure to shear failure， weakening the brittleness of sandstone. The overall degree of sandstone brittleness reflected by the six brittleness indices based on the energy balance method and normalization treatment decreases， but the numerical ranges of different brittleness indices and their correlation with brittleness vary. The triaxial compression test experiments of core models with different brittle values show that when the content of brittle minerals is low， the rock exhibits single oblique shear failure. As the content of brittle minerals increases， rock exhibits a composite failure mode with multiple fracture surfaces. There is a correlation between the acoustic emission characteristics during rock fracture and its brittleness， involving three modes： swarm type， foreshock–main shock–aftershock type， and main shock type.

The wastewater containing both Cr（Ⅵ） and dyes is frequently produced in the industrial manufacturing processes including printing and dyeing，tanning，etc. Based on the concept of “treating waste with waste”，the feasibility of simultaneous removal of Rhodamine B（RhB） and Cr（Ⅵ） by activating sulfite with Cr（Ⅵ）（Cr（Ⅵ）/S（Ⅳ） system） was investigated. The active species in the reaction system were identified，and the effects of initial concentrations of Na2SO3 and Cr（Ⅵ），the initial pH and the amount of dissolved oxygen on the degradation of RhB and Cr（Ⅵ） were investigated. The results showed that，at the initial pH was 3，95.1% of RhB and 87.4% of Cr（Ⅵ） was removed within 60 min by 1.00 mmol/L Na2SO3 and 0.15 mmol/L Cr（Ⅵ）. The dissolved oxygen was involved in the conversion of sulfur-oxygen free radicals in the reaction process，and played a key role in the degradation of RhB and the reduction of Cr（Ⅵ）. The finding of EPR detection and quenching experiments demonstrated that，SO4·-，SO5·-，·OH and 1O2 cooperatively engaged in the reaction process of Cr（Ⅵ）/S（Ⅳ） system，in which SO4·-is the main active species. Meanwhile，the contribution of 1O2 formed from SO4·-should not be ignored. In addition，the possible degradation pathway of RhB was proposed according to the results of ultraviolet full-wavelength scanning and GC/MS.

A combined process of air flotation/iron carbon microelectrolysis /Fenton+ hydrolytic acidification +A/O+ contact oxidation is used to treat pesticide wastewater . The results show that，when the influent COD，NH3-N and toluene concentrations are 7 866，56 and 53 mg/L，the treated effluent COD，NH3-N and toluene concentrations are 435，13 and 0.4 mg/L，respectively. The average removal rates of COD，NH3-N and toluene were 94.5%，81% and 99.2%，respectively. The drainage index reached the Class B standard of Quality Standard for Sewage Discharge into Urban Sewers （GB/T 31962—2015），and the process efficiency was reliable，which can provide reference for the design and construction of similar pesticide wastewater treatment.

Objective To investigate the current status of nutritional literacy and influencing factors in patients with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods A total of 240 AMD patients were subjected with convenience sampling from a tertiary-level hospital in Chongqing from July 2022 to February 2023.General information questionnaire, Nutritional Literacy Scale, Nutritional Self-Efficacy Scale, Comprehension Social Support Scale, Health Beliefs Scale, Anxiety and Depression Scale, Chinese Version of Visual Function Questionnaire, Simple Coping Styles Scale, and nutritional knowledge about AMD were used to survey these patients. Results The score of Nutritional Literacy Scale was 142(113, 162).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that per capita monthly family income, visual function, depression, nutritional self-efficacy, and nutritional knowledge related to AMD were the influencing factors for nutritional literacy (P < 0.05). Conclusion The nutritional literacy level of AMD patients is quite low.The AMD patients with high per capita monthly family income, better visual function, less depression, good nutritional self-efficacy, and better nutritional knowledge related to AMD have better nutrient-literate.

Objective·To study the relationship between evolution and the developmental process from the perspective of DNA sequence conservation, and explore their inherent principles.Methods·First, conservation rate (CR) was established by analyzing the conservation of amino acid sequences of coding genes in 100 species to quantify the evolutionary conservation of genes. The relationship between CR and developmental potential was verified by using the feature genes involved in embryonic stem cells pathways. Secondly, cell type-specific genes and their characteristics in conservation were studied by analyzing the RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) data of the three early germ layers (ectoderm, mesoderm and endoderm) and their corresponding mature organs (brain, heart, liver, etc). Then, chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) data of enhancer histone H3 acetylated at lysine 27 (H3K27ac) from early germ layers and mature organs were collected to search for enhancer sites and identify super enhancers in various cells and tissues by using the ROSE procedure. Functional enrichment and signaling pathway analysis of genes was used to examine the identity correlation between SEs-regulated genes and the corresponding cell characteristics, to clarify whether the SEs identified in this study were consistent with the characteristics reported in previous studies. Finally, PhastCons program was used to calculate the DNA conservation score (CS) of non-coding regulatory regions to study their relationship with developmental potential.Results·In the coding region of DNA, CR was successfully established to quantify the conservation of genes. The gene expression data of early germ layers and mature organs showed that the genes with higher conservation rate were more relevant to the stemness and early developmental process, and the differences between the tissues from early and late development could be distinguished by using CR. In the non-coding regions of DNA, it was found that the conservation of regulatory regions was also correlated with development. The CS of the SE sequences in the early developmental germ layers was significantly higher than that of the SE sequences in the corresponding mature organs. However, cell-specific typical enhancers (TEs) did not show such a trend.Conclusion·During the developmental process, CR of genes expressed in the coding region decreases, and CS of super-enhancer DNA in the non-coding region decreases.

Infrared metasurfaces have exhibited exceptional optical properties that differ from naturally occurring metallic and dielectric nanostructure, enabling non-destructive and label-free sensing in a broadband region. However, implementing wavelength multiplexing sensors in broadband infrared has faced significant challenges. These challenges arise from the difficulty in efficiently exciting high Q resonances at specific wavelengths and the inability to individually tune each resonance. Herein, we present a dual resonant metasurface that utilizes a metal–dielectric–metal plasmonic grating and a dielectric–metal channel. By adjusting the vertical and horizontal structures of metasurface, we can independently modify the spectrum of the metasurface in the near-infrared and mid-infrared regions. This broadband infrared metasurface exhibits robust spectral regulation, enabling a polarization-dependent strategy for the dual-resonance. It offers a competitive advantage over traditional metallic nanostructure in refractive index sensing at the second near-infrared window and ultrasensitive vibrational spectroscopy in mid-infrared. Specifically, our proposed metasurface achieves protein concentration sensing and dynamic monitoring of protein concentration in the infrared two-zone. Additionally, it enhances the mid-infrared absorption of amide II with a high Q resonance. The metasurface which combines wavelength multiplexing and polarization dependent switch for protein recognition and trace detection, presents a novel approach for developing high-performance sensors and Integrated photonics sensors in the broadband infrared region.

ObjectiveTo establish an analytical method for determination of three types of citrate ester plasticizers in PVC plastic food contact materials using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.MethodsThe samples were extracted with n-hexane/dichloromethane （1∶1， V/V）， purified via silica gel solid phase extraction column， eluted using acetonitrile/ethyl acetate （1∶4， V/V）， added into a UPLC-MS/MS system， separated by BEH C18 column （2.1 mm × 50 mm， 1.7 μm） with acetonitrile and ultrapure water as mobile phase， detected using an ESI source in MRM positive ion mode， and quantified using an external standard.ResultsThe linear relationship of the method was good and the coefficient of determination （R2） was greater than 0.996. The limits of detection were 0.1-0.6 μg/kg， and the limits of quantitation were 0.3-2.2 μg/kg. The recoveries of the three types of citrate esters plasticizers were 70.3%-103.1%， and the relative standard deviations （RSDs） （n=6） were 0.9%-9.8%.ConclusionThe proposed method is highly sensitive， rapid， and highly applicable， and can meet the requirements for the detection of citrate ester plasticizers in plastic materials， which provides a means to supervise the addition of new plasticizers.

Summary: Organochlorides are a crucial class of electrophiles in organic synthesis. Here, we present a protocol for the cross-electrophile coupling of aryl chlorides with unactivated alkyl chlorides, facilitated by an iron/B2pin2 catalytic system. We describe steps for the coupling of aryl chlorides with alkyl chlorides, followed by purification of products. This protocol can produce alkylated products with up to 81% yield.For complete details on the use and execution of this protocol, please refer to Zhang et al.1 : Publisher’s note: Undertaking any experimental protocol requires adherence to local institutional guidelines for laboratory safety and ethics.

IntroductionRecent evidence suggests that blue-light phototherapy impacts gut microbiota composition in jaundiced newborns, leading to disturbances closely related to the therapy's side effects. As a result, gut microbiota may serve as a potential intervention target to mitigate these side effects. In this study, we aim to examine the effects of AB-GG (Lactobacillus rhamnosus LGG), Bb-12 (Bifidobacterium animalis Bb-12) and M-16V (Bifidobacterium breve M-16V) and their combination on the intestinal microbiota, metabolomics and phototherapy-related side effects in neonates with jaundice.Methods and analysisA total of 100 jaundiced newborns aged two weeks or younger will be included in this randomized, single-blind (the parents knew, but the neonatologists did not know), single-center controlled trial to receive either 109 colony-forming units of AB-GG, Bb-12, M-16V, a combination of the three probiotics with blue-light phototherapy, or blue-light phototherapy alone. The experimental group will be treated with oral probiotics once daily for 30 days, while the control group will receive only blue-light phototherapy. The follow-up duration will last 30 days. The primary outcomes include changes in gut microbiota, metabolomics, and the incidence of phototherapy side effects, assessed after each phototherapy session, as well as on days 10, 20, and 30.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Ethics Committee of our institution. The findings of this trial will be submitted to a peer-reviewed pediatric journal. Its abstracts will be submitted to relevant national and international conferences.Clinical Trial Registrationhttp://www.chictr.org.cn/index.aspx, identifer (ChiCTR2000036013).

For medium and small-scale steel structure stadiums, in order to minimize the impact of the construction process on the structural state, a prestressing construction process tailored to medium and small stadiums is proposed, taking full advantage of the inherent elastic deformation range of steel structures. The main steps of the process involve the construction of the main truss first. After the main truss construction is completed, it is lowered to a certain position within its elastic range using cables. The roof grid is then connected to the main truss. Once all connections are completed, the cable tension is gradually released. After the cable tension is released, the main truss exhibits a certain degree of rebound. During the rebound process, the roof grid forms a prestressed structure, ensuring stability and integrity between the main truss and the roof. Through numerical simulation, process analysis is conducted on this construction process, and the optimal construction scheme is proposed.

ING5 belongs to the inhibitor of growth (ING) candidate tumor suppressor family, which is involved in multiple cellular functions, such as cell cycle regulation, apoptosis, and chromatin remodelling. Previously, we reported that ING5 overexpression inhibits EMT by regulating EMT-related molecules, including Snail1, at the mRNA and protein levels. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. In the current study, we identify that ING5 overexpression induces the upregulation of miR-34c-5p. The expression levels of both ING5 and miR-34c-5p in NSCLC tissues from the TCGA database are decreased compared with that in adjacent tissues. Higher expression levels of both ING5 and miR-34c-5p predict longer overall survival (OS). Snail1 is the target gene of miR-34c-5p, as predicted by an online database, which is further verified by a dual-luciferase reporter assay. The expression level of Snail1 in NSCLC cells is markedly reduced following miR-34c-5p overexpression, leading to the inactivation of the Snail1 downstream TGF-β/Smad3 signaling pathway. The TGF-β signaling-specific inhibitor LY2157299 reverses the enhanced EMT, proliferation, migration, and invasion abilities induced by the miR-34c-5p inhibitor. Furthermore, tail vein injection of miR-34c-5p agomir inhibits xenografted tumor metastasis. Overall, this study concludes that miR-34c-5p, induced by ING5 overexpression, is a tumor suppressor that targets Snail1 and mediates the inhibitory effects of ING5 on the EMT and invasion of NSCLC cells. These results provide a novel mechanism mediating the antitumor effects of ING5.

ObjectiveGas chromatography-mass spectrometric （GC-MS） with positive chemical ionization technique （PCI） was developed to detect nine haloacetic acids in drinking water.MethodsThe samples were extracted by methyl tert-butyl ether， derived by acidified methanol， and analyzed by GC-MS with PCI source under selected ion monitor mode. The matrix-matched calibration curve internal standard method was used for quantification.ResultsThe nine haloacetic acid compounds showed good linear relationship in the range of 0.2-100 μg/L， with the correlation coefficients over 0.99. And the limits of quantification （S/N=10） ranged from 0.107 to 1.640 μg/L. The average recoveries of nine haloacetic acid compounds were 81.8%-110.2%， and the relative standard deviations were 3.9%-8.8%.ConclusionThe method has good precision and sensitivity， and can be used for the determination of haloacetic acid compounds in drinking water.

Satellite cloud images contain abundant information, which can reflect daily weather conditions. Nowcasting based on cloud images can strengthen the application of satellite data in the early warning and forecasting of severe weather. At present, the cloud images predicted by most nowcasting methods based on artificial intelligence are not accurate enough and the lead time is limited. Thus, it's necessary to improve the accuracy and period validity of cloud images in nowcasting. Using the infrared cloud image data of Fengyun-4A (FY-4A) and the generative adversarial network (GAN) method, an infrared cloud image extrapolation nowcasting model is proposed. The cloud images in the next 3 hours in East China are predicted by the proposed model, and the spatial resolution of predicted cloud images is 4 km and the temporal resolution is 1 hour. The results show that the evaluation values of SSIM (structural similarity), PSNR (peak signal to noise ratio) and RMSE (root mean square error) predicted by the proposed GAN-based cloud images extrapolation model are 0.75, 20.92 and 10.00 K, respectively. In addition, the MAE (mean absolute error), MSE (mean squared error), and SSIM are chosen as loss function and analyzed, aiming to verify the rationality of the loss function in the generator. Comparative experiments of different loss functions show that it is reasonable and effective to choose SSIM combined with MAE as the loss function. Furthermore, to verify the effectiveness of the proposed GAN-based model, the prediction results are compared with those of the optical flow method and the TrajGRU model with the GAN-based model. The experimental results show that the cloud image extrapolation model based on GAN has the superior prediction performance, with the highest SSIM and PSNR, and the lowest RMSE within 1-3 h of cloud images nowcasting. The observational examples show that the cloud images predicted by the proposed model can well describe the movement, development and dissipation trend of clouds. Meanwhile, the experiments obtain accurate prediction performance on the intensity, location and shape of clouds in the study region. It indicates that the cloud image extrapolation model based on GAN is rational and feasible, which can be effectively applied to the meteorological business to monitor the occurrence and movement of clouds and warn the occurrence of severe weather in advance, and can provide an important reference for weather forecasting.

We demonstrate an axisymmetric inverse-designed metalens to improve the performance of zone-plate-array lithography (ZPAL), one of the maskless lithography approaches, that offer a new paradigm for nanoscale research and industry. First, we derive a computational upper bound for a unit-cell-based axisymmetric metalens. Then, we demonstrate a fabrication-compatible inverse-designed metalens with 85.50% transmission normalized focusing efficiency at 0.6 numerical aperture at 405 nm wavelength; a higher efficiency than a theoretical gradient index lens design (79.98%). We also demonstrate experimental validation for our axisymmetric inverse-designed metalens via electron beam lithography. Metalens-based maskless lithography may open a new way of achieving low-cost, large-area nanofabrication.

The power balance of the new power system mainly based on new energy is facing an important technical challenge, and the participation of flexible load in power system regulation is an important way to enhance the active balance capability of the new power system. In view of the obvious seasonal and temporal characteristics of the electric and thermal loads, the new energy sources are “extremely cold and hot without wind” and “late peak without light”, and the thermoelectric loads in the new power system show the trend of anti-peak regulation. To address this problem, this paper analyzed the spatial and temporal characteristics and energy-use characteristics of electric and thermal loads, explored their regulation potential, focused on the control scenarios of electric and thermal controllable loads, and systematically gave a flexible scheduling strategy for electric and thermal loads to complete the flexible control and regulation of electric and thermal loads. The results realize the network-load cooperative optimization and flexible scheduling on the whole time scale, and thus verify the feasibility of the real-time participation of telectric and thermal loads in the scheduling of the grid.

To study the association relationship between amplitude jumps and tooth meshing impact in a gear transmission system with backlash, the dynamic equations of amplitude-frequency characteristics of a single gear system are established by the method of harmonic balance. The equation is solved by the quasi-Newton Broyden rank-2 method and pseudo-arc-length continuation algorithm, and then, the two-dimensional domain boundary solution structure of amplitude-frequency characteristics is obtained. The multi-valued solution and tooth surface impact characteristics of the system in the parameter domain boundary structure of the backlash, static comprehensive error, time-varying meshing stiffness, damping, and frequency are analyzed, respectively. The effects of parameters on amplitude jump, multi-value solution, and tooth surface impact characteristics of the system are investigated. The analysis shows that the amplitude jump response of the system appears near the resonance frequency. The nonlinear jump also appears at the non-clearance bearing supports due to the effect of the gear backlash. When b＞1.55, the backlash is not sensitive to the system multi-value solution and tooth surface impact characteristics. The multi-value solution and tooth surface impact characteristics of the system are exacerbated by the increase of the meshing stiffness and the static comprehensive error. Damping can effectively suppress the system amplitude jump and tooth surface impact characteristics, when ξ＞ 0.3, the system shows linear characteristics.

Objective: To screen Bifidobacterium from breast milk and improve its oxygen tolerance under aerobic conditions. Methods: Dilution and spread plate methods were performed to separate and screen Bifidobacterium from breast milk. Their Bifidobacterium identifications were characterized by 16S rDNA sequencing. The oxygen tolerant domestications were conducted through gradual increase of oxygen pressure and alternation of aerobic and anaerobic cultivations. Results: A novel Bifidobacterium strain was isolated from human milk and was identified as Bifidobacterium longum by 16S rDNA sequencing, which was named as MEFZ-2201. The homology between MEFZ-2201 and model strain (accession number in NCBI: ON631733.1) reached 100%. After oxygen tolerant domestication, the highest viable bacteria number of Bifidobacterium longum MEFZ-2201d in aerobic cultivation reached 8.9×109 CFU/mL, which was ten times higher than that of its wild-type strain MEFZ-2201. Whereas, the morphological property and physio-biochemical characteristics of Bifidobacterium longum MEFZ-2201d did not change after oxygen tolerant domestication. The short-chain fatty acid production of domesticated strain Bifidobacterium longum MEFZ-2201d was also significantly higher than that of its wild-type strain even under anaerobic conditions. Conclusion: A novel Bifidobacterium longum strain MEFZ-2201 was isolated from breast milk. The viable bacterium number of its domesticated strain MEFZ-2201d was significantly increased under aerobic conditions, indicating that it would be a potential probiotic strain for further development and utilization.

Combined with the monitoring data of the new distribution network Feeder Terminal Unit (FTU), an innovative three-phase real-time line loss calculation method based on the feeder segment rather than the entire feeder as the basic calculation unit is proposed. This method uses the variable structure dissipative network theory, divides the feeder into feeder segments, and conducts mathematical modeling for each equipment in the segment based on the feeder segment. The detailed line loss of each equipment makes the line loss distribution in the system clear at a glance, which is convenient for operation and maintenance personnel to scientifically manage and carry out distribution network line loss analysis and calculation, and provides a favorable basis for further optimization of the distribution network system.

This article presents a study on the design of high-speed inter-satellite links for the global navigation satellite system, which consists of 24 middle earth orbit, 3 inclined geosynchronous orbit, 3 geostationary orbit satellites, and 4 typical ground stations based on the laser link of slowly varying continuous system and high-speed Ka link. Pre-allocation of node connections in inter-satellite link construction is conducted by employing the optimized Dijkstra algorithm using finite-state automata. In addition, topological design and routing planning principles are utilized for high-speed inter-satellite links. Based on full constellation orbit data of a regression period and locations of the ground station nodes, an hourly link construction program is obtained using the scheme described above. The calculation result of the position dilution of precision values of all satellites, the average inter-satellite transmission delay, and the inter-satellite link switching meet the requirements of measurement, data transmission, and management for navigation constellation.

Small hydropower plays a pivotal role in flood retention and storage， runoff regulation， energy mix improvement， ecological environment protection acceleration， income increase of local farmers， and infrastructure enhancement. This paper expounds the necessity of the peak and valley time division adjustment based on the specific condition of a municipal power grid. Then the peak-valley time division adjustment situation and the FIT （feed-in tariff） of the small hydropower are provided. Finally， based on the review of measured data， including gateway electricity consumption and the output of small hydropower， the influence of the peak and valley time division adjustment on small hydropower is analyzed. The results show that the adjustment of peak and valley time can change the power generation behavior of small hydropower and ease the condition of peak-valley inversion in the gateway between day and night.

With the continuous increase in the proportion of integrated renewable energy in recent years， more flexible resources are required to cover their volatility and uncertainty. In order to stimulate the fast-ramping resource represented by hydropower to participate in the flexible ramping market， it is necessary to establish a transaction model for flexible ramping products. A two-stage day-ahead and intra-day rolling optimization model for the joint dispatch of thermal power units and hydropower units is constructed in this paper. In the day-ahead stage， the constraint of the generated electrical energy from hydropower is considered. Then the combination of thermal power units and the reference output of hydropower are given. In the intra-day stage， the acquisition of flexible ramp capability is considered to determine the actual output of thermal power and hydropower. The testing results are used to verify the effectiveness of the model. It. Is demonstrated that the model gives full play to the excellent regulating function of hydropower and is of great significance to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power system and reduce the cost of market operation.

As China has declared its pledge on peak emission and carbon neutrality and the target of building a new power system， the new energy in China is undergoing a period of rapid development. However， since the subsidies for new energy continues to decrease， it is widely recognized that new energy consumption and the revenues should be addressed through a market-oriented way. The paper simulates and estimates new energy participating in market trade by “quoted volume without quotation” based on the trading mechanism of electricity spot market in Zhejiang province. The results show that new energy， through rational safeguarding of utilization hours and rational utilization hours consumption， can ensure its own revenues and in the meantime reduce subsidies by participation in market； in contrast to wind power， solar PV is more receptive to electricity spot market.

To realize the in-situ utilization of solid waste from power plant, a kind of porous plugging material with fly ash was developed to apply it in working face end-plugging. The foaming and mechanical properties of the porous end sealing materials of fly ash with different particle sizes were tested in the laboratory. The test results show that with the increase of fly ash particle size, the porous end sealing materials show the characteristics of constant solid density, decreased foaming density, increased porosity, decreased strength and material tightness. Therefore, in the field application process, appropriate mechanical grinding to reduce particle size, grading and screening of fly ash with small particle size can be used to improve the comprehensive performance of fly ash-based multi-pore materials. Numerical simulation and underground application results show that the sealing material has good compressive strength and sealing effect, and it can effectively solve the problems of air leakage in the goaf and CO produced by oxidation of residual coal at the end of the goaf when it applied to the end of the goaf.

ObjectiveThe interaction between bisphenol E（BPE） and serum albumin was analyzed to provide a useful referrence for the rapid evaluation of the toxicological effect of bisphenols.MethodsElectropherograms of serum albumin with BPE under physiological conditions in vitro were determined using external calibration Hummel-Dreyer （HD） method by capillary electrophoresis. To obtain the interaction parameters， the experimental data were analyzed by three functional forms： Nonlinear equation， Scatchard equation and Klotz equation.ResultsThree form functions were fitted with the interaction parameters. The binding ratio of BPE and serum albumin was about 2. The interaction parameters showed that two kinds of serum albumin had the same number of binding sites， and the binding between different albumin and BPE were both non-covalent interactions.ConclusionAs a simple and effective method， external calibration HD method could be used to analyze the protein pollutant interaction in the food safety field. BPE showed similar moderate interaction with different serum albumin， which suggested that bisphenol compounds had similar pollution distribution regularity in human body and cattle.

Solid substrate electrospray mass spectrometry is an ambient mass spectrometry method that involves carrying, ionization and detection of the samples. This approach has a wide range of applications, and which is appropriate for rapid mass spectrometric analyses of small molecules to large biological molecules. However, when dealing with targets existing at trace levels in complicated matrices, the sensitivity of solid substrate electrospray mass spectrometry is becoming more of an issue. The solid substrate is the most important component of a solid substrate electrospray ionization source, and its selectivity is critical for improving the ionization efficiency and signal response of the target compound. The improvement of detection capability of trace components in complex samples by solid substrate electrospray mass spectrometry can be obtained by two strategies. On the one hand, to reduce the effect of matrix interference on detection sensitivity and collect as many target analytes as possible, on the other hand, to improve solvent desorption and target ionization efficiency in the electrospray solvent elution process to form electrospray. This review firstly summarized the variety of solid substrate materials, and then introduced the development strategies for improving the selectivity of ion source, such as ways for modifying solid substrates using carbon-based materials, polymers, and immunological materials, as well as their applications. Surface modification of solid substrates using functional compounds can improve the selectivity and adsorption of target analytes, reduce the matrix interference and improve the detection sensitivity. Finally, the benefits and drawbacks of various methods were explored, as well as the challenges and potential development tendencies.

A collective Thomson scattering (CTS) diagnostic system is being developed to measure fastion velocity distribution on HL-3 tokamak. A 140 GHz gyrotron belonging to electron cyclotron resonance heating (ECRH) system would be used to generate probe beam. The scattering spectra among HL-3 parameter ranges are calculated to assess diagnostic feasibility. Scattering signals will be detected by a heterodyne system, which is proposed to optimize diagnostic performance.

According to the repair demand of aircraft 30CrMnSiA high-strength steel pull rod, the laser cladding process research and pull rod repair were carried out using gas atomized 30CrMnSiA powder as cladding material. The effects of different process parameters on forming quality were compared. The microstructure, mechanical properties and wear resistance of the cladding area under the optimal laser process were studied, and the damaged part of the pull rod was repaired by this process and dimensional measurement was carried out. The results show that using the optimal laser cladding process, the cladding layer with good metallurgical bonding with the base metal and dense microstructure can be obtained. The cladding layer is composed of columnar or honeycomb shaped ferrite and surrounding martensite. The microhardness of the cladding layer is about 475HV, about 36% higher than that of the base metal, and the average tensile strength of the joint is about 9% higher than that of the base metal. Compared with forged 30CrMnSiA steel, the depth of wear track of the cladding layer is reduced by 27.7%, and the width of wear track is also reduced by 35.2%, which means better wear resistance. By using this process, a repaired pull rod with good cladding quality, satisfactory dimensional accuracy and basically no thermal deformation is obtained, so the qualified products are delivered.

Lipid scrambling is required for many cellular processes but the lipid-protein interactions that occur during transport are unknown. Using cryoEM and biochemical assays the authors show that membrane thinning is critical for lipid flipping.

Objective To design a safety management system for antitumor drugs, which can intercept or warn the overdose of medical orders from the prescription source, and ensure the safety of clinical application of antitumor drugs. Methods The threshold of interception and warning strategy of 88 kinds of antitumor drugs were developed, and the safety management system of antitumor drugs was established to intercept or warn the overdose orders. The interception and warning data from January 2021 to June 2021 in the safety management system of antitumor drugs were extracted and analyzed. Results A total of 665 medical orders were intercepted or warned by the safety management system of antitumor drugs, and the majority of the intercepted or warned drugs were oral tablets(74.29%). The intercepted orders were 642 (96.54%), and the warned orders were 23(3.46%). Among the intercepted medical orders, frequency error (64.22%) has the highest proportion, followed by route error (11.73%) and dose error (9.92%). A total of 564 medical orders were intercepted, involving 28 kinds of antitumor drugs. Methotrexate tablets ranked first in overdose quantity, with an average of seven times. Pemetrexed ranked first in overdose multiples, with an average overdose of 1000 times. 78 medical orders were intercepted for over pathway, involving 5 kinds of antitumor drugs. Conclusion The safety management system of antitumor drugs can eliminate the error of overdose in prescription and guarantee the safety of antitumor drugs.

ObjectiveA sample survey was conducted on the radionuclide content in imported Japaneseinfant milk powder sold by cross-border e-commerce in order to provide basic data for risk assessment.MethodsRandom sampling was conducted on imported Japanese infant milk powder sold by online cross-border e-commerce， including different brands and types. The strontium-90 activity concentration of milk powder samples was analyzed by HDEHP extraction chromatography （rapid method）， γ radionuclide activity concentration was analyzed by γ energy spectrometer， total αand total β activity concentration was analyzed by low background α， β measuring instrument.Then， the Radionuclide content in infant milk powder was compared with that from Chinese and imported from the Netherlands.ResultsThe artificial γ radionuclides （60Co， 103Ru， 106Ru， 131I， 134Cs， 137Cs） were not detected in the imported milk powder samples from Japan. strontium-90 activity concentration of 5 milk powder samples imported from Japan was lower than the method detection limit （MDL）. The strontium-90 activity concentration of other samples ranged from 0.13 to 0.18 Bq/kg. Only natural radionuclides 238U was detected in all samples， which ranged from 33.5 to 109 Bq/kg. The activity concentration of total α and total β ranged from 0.05 to 0.12 Bq/kg. The content of all radionuclides was lower than the limit of Chinese national food safety standards （GB18871—2002 and GB14882—94）.ConclusionThe results showed that 60% of the samples of infant milk powder imported from Japan on online cross-border e-commerce platforms were produced in Areas banned from import by China . Although the radionuclide content detected did not exceed China’s limits， considering the limitations of the sampling quantity and scope， consumers still need to be aware of the risk of excessive levels of radionuclides in infant milk powder imported from Janan. With the follow-up measures of the Fukushima nuclear accident， the relevant regulatory authorities still need strengthen random inspection and monitoring.

Dynamics of photoinduced species, as a key parameter for nanomaterials plays a significantly role in the performance of optoelectronic devices. In this work, the origin of broadband optical response for the emerging Ti3C2Tx MXene is revealed by transient spectroscopic analysis. From ultraviolet to infrared, the steady-state and transient optical responses present wavelength-related features. The carrier lifetime is found to change from femtosecond to nanosecond time scale dominated by various photoinduced species, i.e., carrier and surface plasmon. The unique optoelectronic character enables photodetection. This fundamental study on carrier, plasmon dynamics, and application in photodetection is helpful for exploring MXene-based optoelectronic devices.

Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) has been implicated in rejuvenating functions in age-related diseases. The molecular mechanisms connecting GDF11 with these anti-aging phenomena, including reverse age-related cardiac hypertrophy and vascular and neurogenic rejuvenation, remain unclear. In this study, we sought to uncover the molecular functions of GDF11 using bioinformatics and network-driven analyses at the human gene and transcription levels using the gene co-expression network analysis, the protein–protein interaction network analysis, and the transcription factor network analysis. Our findings suggested that GDF11 is involved in a variety of functions, such as apoptosis, DNA repair, telomere maintenance, and interaction with key transcription factors, such as MYC proto-oncogene, specificity protein 1, and ETS proto-oncogene 2. The human skin fibroblast premature senescence model was established by UVB. The treatment with 10 ng/mL GDF11 in this cell model could reduce cell damage, reduce the apoptosis rate and the expression of caspase-3, and increase the length of telomeres. Therefore, our findings shed light on the functions of GDF11 and provide insights into the roles of GDF11 in aging.

Objective: The petition letters of the National Exhibition and Convention Center (NECC) Fangcang Hospital, Jiahe Xinyuan Hotel (Jiahe) Fangcang Hospital and designated Ruijin Hospital of North Branch (designated Hospital) were analyzed, and the discussion was focused on how to optimize the operation process, improve the quality of medical service, optimize the doctor-patient relationship and other measures through the feedback of petition data after the hospitals were built in a very short time. Methods: The petition letters from two Fangcang hospitals and one designated hospital were retrospectively analyzed, and the source channels, types and trends of petition letters were analyzed at multiple levels, as well as the specific problems involved. The results and suggestions were summarized by combining qualitative and quantitative methods. Results: Ouring March 14 adn May 4, the two makeshift hospitals and one designated hospital had received a total of 1 155 letters, mainly from the "12345" hotline (88.86%). 759 (65.72%), 25 (2.16%) and 371 (32.12%) were respectively received from the NECC Fangcang Hospital, Jiahe Fangcang Hospital and designated Hospital. The number of requests for help accounted for 67.85%, 68.00% and 70.08% respectively in the three hospitals, and the other types of petition letters were consultation, complaint and suggestion. Requests for help and advice were frequently asked such as isolation policies, virus RNA PCR testing, critical care and emergency transport, and logistics. Conclusions: During the epidemic, the problems of letters and visits in the shelter focuse on the various actual needs and difficulties faced by patients in the shelter hospital, suggesting that the managers and operators of the shelter hospital should prepare for such needs and problems. Analyzing the contents of letters and visits can feed back and optimize the operation process and medical services of the shelter hospitals.

In engineering design problems, intervals refer to any kind of lack of information. This paper presents an improved entorpy-based methodology for a probabilistic representation of a stochastic quantity for which only sparse point data and/or interval data may be available. The combined entropy function is used to measure the uncertainty in data, which is evaluated from the non-parametric probability density function for sparse point data and the cumulative distribution function for interval data, Wherein the entire non-parametric distribution can be discretized at a finite number of points and the probability density values at these points can be inferred using the principle of maximum-entropy, thus avoiding the assumption of any particular distribution. The proposed improved Entorpy-based methodology is then employed in the attempt of interval uncertainty propagation, with the results compared with previous studies. Examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of present method. The study reveals great potentials of the probabilistic method for the treatment of the uncertainty in presence of the sparse point data and/or interval data.

Objective: To study the main volatile aroma components in chicory extracts. Methods: The volatile components in chicory extracts were analyzed by headspace-solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry （HS-SPME-GC/MS）, the content of volatile components was analyzed by semi quantitative method, and the main volatile aroma components were analyzed by volatile component content/sensory threshold value （odor activity value, OAV）. Results: A total of 78 volatile components were detected in the sample. The sequence of volatile components with relative content＞1% was propylene glycol＞5-hydroxymethylfurfural＞acetic acid＞1,2-propanediol dicarboxylate＞formic acid＞1,2-propanediol 2-acetate; The aroma activity values of 24 aroma components were analyzed. The main volatile aroma components with OAV greater than 1 were acetic acid＞methyl isobutyrate＞ethyl cinnamate＞formic acid＞methyl cyclopentaenol ketone＞2,4-di-tert-butylphenol＞5-methylfurfural＞propylene glycol. Conclusion: The main volatile components in chicory extract were propylene glycol, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, acetic acid, 1,2-propanediol dicarboxylate, formic acid, 1,2-propanediol 2-acetate, and the main volatile aroma components are acetic acid, methyl isobutyrate, ethyl cinnamate, formic acid, methyl cyclopentanol ketone, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, 5-methylfurfural, propylene glycol.

In view of the accommodation problem of large-scale wind power integration,a robust unit commitment optimization method considering demand response and pumped storage units is proposed. On the one hand,the mathematical model considering the operation characteristics of demand response and pumped storage units is established to improve the flexibility of system operation through collaborative optimization. On the other hand,the uncertain set considering the uncertain budget is used to describe the random fluctuation characteristics of wind power. Considering the system operation constraints and robust feasibility constraints,a robust unit commitment model is constructed by adopting the rescheduling strategy based on an affine compensation mechanism to minimize the system operation cost. Furthermore,the robust optimization model is converted into a certainty mathematical programming problem according to the duality principle,and the correctness and effectiveness of the proposed method are verified by numerical test results on the modified IEEE 39-bus test system.

ObjectiveA pretreatment method based on microwave extraction combined with liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry （LC-ICPMS） was established to accurately determine the five arsenic speciations of arsenobetaine （AsB）， arsenite （As （Ⅲ））， dimethyl arsenate （DMA）， monomethyl arsenate （MMA） and arsenate （As （Ⅴ）） in infant rice flour.MethodsThe samples of infant rice flour were extracted with 1% HNO3 and microwave extraction at 90 ℃ for 60 min， centrifuged through the membrane， and the extract was analyzed quantitatively by LC-ICPMS.ResultsThe established method showed good linear relationships in the range of 0.1-50 μg/L with the coefficient of determination R2>0.999 9 for the five arsenic species. The recoveries at different spiked levels were 95.20%-102.00%， and the intra day and inter day precision was less than 5%. The limits of detection of the method were 0.006-0.012 mg/kg.ConclusionThe microwave extraction pretreatment method was simple and fast， and the quantitative analysis was sensitive and accurate， which was suitable for the determination of arsenic species in infant rice flour samples.

The integration of large-scale wind power and photovoltaics into the power system will aggravate the voltage fluctuation of grid nodes, while when the reactive power of new energy units participates in the optimization of reactive power and voltage of the system, it will promote the consumption of new energy while effectively improving the stable operation level of the system. In this work, the grey wolf algorithm (GWO) of entropy weight is introduced to solve the optimal compromise solution of multi-objective reactive power optimization of transmission network, and the network loss and voltage deviation and static voltage stability margin are taken as three objective functions to evaluate and make use of the reactive power regulation performance of new energy units. Specifically, the cooperative optimization of reactive power regulation performance of wind turbine and photovoltaic generating set and reactive power compensation of original power system is adopted, the efficient GWO) is incorporated to solve the multi-objective reactive power optimization model, the entropy method is introduced to obtain the optimal compromise solution of reactive power optimization, and a numerical example is analyzed by using IEEE39 transmission network system. Simulation results confirmed that the proposed multi-objective reactive power and voltage optimization model and grey wolf optimization algorithm can effectively improve the system node voltage quality and improve the stable operation level of the system.