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Colored peanut is a multi colored seed coat characteristics of edible peanut, integrating ornamental, fresh, nutritional, and health benefits. Yunnan Province is one of the representative production areas for edible peanuts in China. In recent years, on the basis of traditional cultivated red skinned small grain peanuts, excellent germplasm of edible peanuts have been developed. These new varieties exhibit colorful seed coats in purple and black, and possess desirable traits as high sugar content, low oil content (e.g. Yunhua 23). These excellent edible raw materials had advantages in quality and sales price, with a typical annual output value of about 75 000 CNY/hm² and a maximum output value of over 150 000 CNY/hm². These advantages significantly increased regional peanut output value, which became a driving force for rural revitalization in the production area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the drought tolerance of Brassica juncea, quality of 150 local varieties of B. juncea was investigated in Yunnan Province. The aboveground and underground parts of the plants were studied under drought stress with different degrees. Results showed that B. juncea was tolerant to drought, and had wide range of quality variations. The variation coefficient of oleic acid and erucic acid was more than 1, and the varieties tested were roughly grouped into 3 categories according to quality characteristics. The medium and severe drought could significantly affect growth of shoot and root system, especially the root system. Under medium drought, drought tolerance had significant positive correlations with oil content and extremely long fatty acids (erucic acid and arachidonic acid), but had significant negative correlation with 5 long-chain fatty acids (stearic acid, palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid and linolenic acid). Under severe drought condition, drought tolerance had no relevance with quality traits. Meanwhile, drought resistance of the same variety was different under different degree of drought. Oil content had extremely significant positive correlation with long chain fatty acids. The oil content was negatively correlated with the content of long chain fatty acids and protein. The very long chain fatty acids had a significant negative correlation with long chain fatty acids. Eight varieties with strong comprehensive drought resistance were screened out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve seed setting rate and get more seeds in siliques of rapeseed, abortion of ovules and seeds were investigated in 36 DH (double hyploid ) materials under 4 pollinating treatments (open pollination, forced selfing, hybridizing and assisted artificial pollination) . The initial number of ovules, normal mature seeds and abortion seeds were investigated to better understand the abortion period and causes. Statistic results showed that the initial ovule numbers of different materials had highly significantly variation, ranging from 23.05 to 36.15 with an average of 29.48. After maturing, the seeds number in single silique was 8.82 - 26.38, with an average of 16.80. The correlation coefficient between the number of ovules and the number of seeds per siliques was 0.77. Average, 56.19% of the initial ovules could develop into mature seeds and nearly 44% ovules aborted during the seed development. The abortion rate was found to be related to genotype as well. The abortion could be divided into 3 types. They were divided by ovules diameter as : a (less than 0.1 mm), b (between 0.1 - 1.0 mm) and c (embryo abortion). They occurred in all 36 materials under 4 treatments. Type a and b were the main types of ovule (or seed) abortion, with average occurrences of 19. 34% and 7.91% respectively. Type c occurred only 1.54%, which might be related to the ceasing of embryonic developmental. These results indicated that the ovules number was related to genotype, and the abortion occurrence and types were also related to genotype. The cause of abortion might be in stigma development, stigma and pollen recognition, and/or in fertilization and initial embryo development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clubroot is one of the most serious disease in oilseed rape. To explore the resistant molecular mechanism of the interaction between Plasmodiophora brassicae and Brassica napus during early infection, gene differential expression analysis of the clubroot - resistant rapeseed line ZHE - 226 ( R) and clubroot - susceptible line 10159 ( S) were performed by RNA - seq. A total of 809 and 1082 genes were commonly up - and down - regulated at 0, 12, 48, 72h post - inoculation (hpi) time points in R line. Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), chiti-nase, R gene,WRKY transcription factor, salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid(JA) were involved in the early response to clubroot infection in lines of R and S, but showed different expression patterns. Compared to S line, most of the PRRs genes were down - regulated, R genes were up - regulated and SA genes were down - regulated in earlier stage but up -regulated at 72hpi in R line. Chitinase,WRKY and JA related genes were both induced in R and S lines. These results showed that PTI -mediated by PRRs was significantly induced in S line, but played a small role in R line. ETI - mediated by R gene and resistance signal pathway - mediated by SA played great role in clubroot resistance. This research provided a better understanding of the resistance genes of B. napus in response to P. brassicae, and assistance for clubroot - resistant breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To understand the extra - large seed characteristics of Brassica napus var DL01, silique traits were investigated in field on growth period, using normal seed line H8 as control. Results showed that DL01 average growth period was 207d, which was 17d longer than H8. Grain filling period was 12d longer. Stalk diameter as well as ovary length, width and weight were 1. 30, 1.21, 1.39 and 1.46 folds of H8 respectively at the first day of flowering. 100 - seed weight ( 1.20g) and volume, as well as fiiling rate were 2 fold. The maximum photosynthesis areas of silique pericarp and fresh weight of siliques were 2.2 and 3.0 fold respectively. But their embryo number per silique was similar, and seeds per silique could be 64% less than H8. Moisture content (MC), the peel MC was 3-5% higher, and the period of high MC ( >80% ) lasted 80 days, while the period of high MC ( >75% ) in H8 lasted only for 68 days. The seed fresh weights of DL01 and H8 reached the peak at the 62nd and 47th day, with 50% and 52% MC respectively. In conclusion, the extra size of DL01 resulted from large ovary, thick stalk, and wide silique surface, as well as fewer grain numbers, higher MC of seed and silique, and longer fiiling duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A three - way hybrid was obtained using early mature spring - type Huayou 8 (H8) , Legency and late mature semi - winter line 020010 of Brassica napus. Series of new germplasms with large seed trait, i. e. thousand seeds weight over 5. 0g, were discovered from DH lines of the hybrid. Among them, the agronomic traits of 5 lines were studied between 2007 - 2009. They showed stable large seeds property and higher yield potential with the variation of thousand seeds weight less than 10% to 15% during these years. The yield of DL01 and DL02 were 30. 6% and 20. 4% higher than a hybrid cultivar Yunyouza 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]