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Shrub encroachment onto grassland is a global problem, and thus the relationship between shrub encroachment and grazing disturbance needs to be clarified. In this study, we set up two treatments in China's desert steppe, including no grazing (CK) and heavy grazing (HG). We aimed to analyze the impact of grazing on carbon storage in shrublands and herbaceous communities. We utilized Real-Time Kinematic Positioning (RTK) and ground-penetrating radar (GPR) to detect and quantify aboveground / belowground biomass of Caragana microphylla. We also measured the biomass of grass. The resulting model for the aboveground biomass of C. microphylla was y = 22.45e4.5562x, where x denotes the canopy area (R² = 0.96). The resulting model for the root biomass of C. microphylla was y = 3×10-5x - 23.618 (R² = 0.99), where x is amplitude. The coarse root / shoot ratios of the shrub were 8.06 and 8.92 in the CK and HG treatments, respectively. Heavy grazing significantly reduced the density and biomass of both C.microphylla and the broader community (shrub + grass) (P<0.05). The carbon stock of vegetation was significantly greater in shrubby grassland than in Stipa breviflora grassland (P<0.05). Our results show that shrub encroachment increased carbon storage and plant diversity in the desert steppe, while, at the same time, heavy grazing affect the shrub encroachment by C. microphylla. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the feasibility of predicting TP53 mutation risk by immunohistochemical staining (IHC) pattern of P53 in Chinese diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) and its correlation with a prognostic difference. Methods: Between January 2021 and December 2021, 51 DLBCL cases at Beijing Boren Hospital were gathered. These cases had both IHC and next-generation sequencing (NGS) results. IHC classified the P53 protein expression pattern into a loss (<1% ) , diffuse (>80% ) , and heterogeneous (1% -80% ) . The sensitivity and specificity of the predicting TP53 mutation by IHC were assessed by comparing the results of the NGS, and the TP53 high mutation risk group included both loss and diffuse expression of P53. From June 2016 to September 2019, Peking University Cancer Hospital collected 131 DLBCL cases with thorough clinicopathological and follow-up data. From their tumor blocks, tissue microarray blocks were made for IHC evaluation of P53 expression pattern, and prognosis effect of P53 studies. Results: Among 51 cases with both IHC and NGS results, 23 cases were classified as TP53 high mutation risk (7 cases loss and 16 cases diffuse) , 22/23 cases were proved with mutated TP53 by NGS. Only 1 of the 28 cases classified as TP53 low mutation risk was proved with mutated TP53 by NGS. IHC had a sensitivity and specificity of 95.7% and 96.4% for predicting TP53 mutation. NGS identified a total of 26 TP53 mutations with a mutation frequency of 61.57% (13.41% -86.25% ) . In the diffuse group, 16 missense mutations and 2 splice mutations were detected; 6 truncating mutations and 1 splice mutation were detected in the loss group; 1 truncating mutation was detected in the heterogeneous group. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that TP53 cases with high mutation risk have impartial adverse significance for the 131 patients included in survival analysis ( HR =2.612, 95% CI 1.145-5.956, P =0.022) . Conclusion: IHC of P53 exhibiting loss (<1% ) or diffuse (>80% ) pattern indicated TP53 high mutation risk, IHC can predict TP53 mutation with high specificity and sensitivity. TP53 high mutation risk is an independent predictor for adverse survival.

Objective: To investigate the expressions of HIF-1α, BRD4, Beclin1, LC3B and p62 in breast cancer tissues and their clinicopathological significance, and to study alterations of their expression in breast cancer cells under hypoxic microenvironment. Methods: Immunohistochemistry was used to detect HIF-1α, BRD4, Beclin1, LC3B and p62 protein expressions in 125 breast cancer tissues and 50 para-cancer normal breast tissues, and their correlation with clinicopathologic characteristics were analyzed. The expression of these proteins were also measured after 24 hours of hypoxia stimulation was detected in different breast cancer cell lines and normal breast epithelial cells. Results: The expression of HIF-1α, BRD4, Beclin1 and LC3B proteins in breast cancer tissues were significantly higher than in para-cancer normal breast tissues ( P <0.05). There was a positive association between histologic grade, the expression of HIF-1α, BRD4, Beclin1 and LC3B ( P <0.05). High expressions of HIF-1a and Beclin1 were often correlated with lymph node metastasis and lymphatic invasion ( P <0.05). Increased HIF-1α, BRD4, Beclin1 and LC3B expression was associated with ER or PR negativity, but only HIF-1α was associated with HER2 positivity ( P <0.05). HIF-1α, BRD4, Beclin1, and LC3B were positively correlated with each other in breast cancer tissues ( P <0.01). After 24 hours of hypoxic stimulation, the expression of HIF-1α, BRD4, Beclin1 and LC3B was up-regulated in breast cancer cells. Conclusions: Hypoxia induces autophagy in breast cancer tissues. HIF-1α is positively correlated with BRD4, suggesting that BRD4 is involved in the regulation of autophagy by hypoxic microenvironment in breast cancer. High expression of HIF-1α, BRD4 and autophagy may play an important role in the development of breast cancer.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between the source of Schistosoma japonicum infections and sociological factors among mobile populations in Haining City, so as to provide insights into the management of schistosomiasis among mobile populations in Haining City., Methods: A total of 12 villages were randomly sampled from 8 townships and 4 subdistricts in Haining City. The mobile populations from schistosomiasis-endemic areas were detected for S. japonicum infections using serological tests. In addition, the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention and control knowledge was investigated using a questionnaire survey., Results: A total of 1 019 mobile populations were investigated in 12 villages from Haining City, and 23 sero-positives were found, with a positive rate of 2.26%; however, no egg-positives were detected. Logistic regression analysis showed that the mobile populations with original occupations of aquaculture and husbandry were more likely to be sero-positive. The mobile populations had an overall low awareness rate of schistosomiasis prevention and control knowledge, and a higher rate was seen in sero-positive than in sero-negatives., Conclusions: The mobile populations with original occupations of aquaculture and husbandry were the key for the surveillance of source of S. japonicum infections. The health education should be intensified to improve the awareness of schistosomiasis prevention and control knowledge among mobile populations.

Objective: To investigate the characteristics of acoustic impedance test and its diagnostic role for occupational noise induced deafness, in order to provide an objective basis for the differential diagnosis of occupational noise induced deafness. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted to investigate the cases on the diagnosis of occupational noise-induced deafness in Guangdong province hospital for occupational disease prevention and treatment from January 2016 to January 2017. A total of 198 cases (396 ears) were divided into occupation disease group and non occupation disease group based on the diagnostic criteria of occupational noise deafness in 2014 edition, acoustic conductivity test results of two groups were compared including tympanograms types, external auditory canal volume, tympanic pressure, static compliance and slope. Results: In the occupational disease group, 204 ears were found to have 187 ears (91.67%) of type A, which were significantly higher than those in the non occupational disease group 143/192 (74.48%) , the difference was statistically significant (χ(2)=21.038, P <0.01). Detection of Ad or As type, occupation disease group in other type were 16/204 (7.84%) , 3/204 (1.47%) , were lower than Ad or As type of occupation disease group (15.63%) , other type (9.38%) , the differences were statistically significant[ (χ(2)=5.834, P <0.05) , (χ(2)=12.306, P <0.01) ]. Occupation disease group canal volume average (1.68±0.39) ml higher than that of non occupation disease group (1.57 ± 0.47) ml, the difference was statistically significant ( t =2.756, P <0.01) ; occupation disease group mean static compliance (1.06±0.82) ml higher than that of non occupation disease group (0.89±0.64) ml. The difference was statistically singificant ( t =2.59, P <0.01) . Conclusion: We observed that acoustic impedance test had obvious auxiliary function in the differential diagnosis of occupational noise induced deafness, More than 90% of the confirmed cases showed an A-form tympanograms, it is one of the objective examination methods which can be used in the differential diagnosis of pseudo deafness.

Objective: Study of the results and the degree on occupational noise-induced deafness in-to the different high frequency hearing threshold weighted value, in order to provide theoretical basis for the re-vision of diagnostic criteria on occupational noise-induced deafness. Methods: A retrospective study was con-ducted to investigate the cases on the diagnosis of occupational noise-induced deafness in Guangdong province hospital for occupational disease prevention and treatment from January 2016 to January 2017. Based on the re-sults of the 3 hearing test for each test interval greater than 3 days in the hospital, the best threshold of each frequency was obtained, and based on the diagnostic criteria of occupational noise deafness in 2007 edition, Chi square test, t test and variance analysis were used to measure SPSS21.0 data, their differences are tested among the means of speech frequency and the high frequency weighted value into different age group, noise ex-posure group, and diagnostic classification between different dimensions. Results: 1. There were totally 168 cases in accordance with the study plan, male 154 cases, female 14 cases, the average age was 41.18 ±6.07 years old. 2. The diagnosis rate was increased into the weighted value of different high frequency than the mean value of pure speech frequency, the weighted 4 kHz frequency increased by 13.69% (χ(2)=9.880, P =0.002) , 6 kHz increased by 15.47% (χ(2)=9.985, P =0.002) and 4 kHz+6 kHz increased by15.47% (χ(2)=9.985, P =0.002) , the difference was statistically significant. The diagnostic rate of different high threshold had no obvious differ-ence between the genders. 3. The age groups were divided into less than or equal to 40years old group (A group) and 40-50 years old group (group B) , there were higher the diagnostic rate between high frequency weighted 4 kHz (A group χ(2)=3.380, P =0.050; B group χ(2)=4.054, P =0.032) , weighted 6 kHz (A group χ(2)=6.362, P =0.012; B group χ(2)=4.054, P =0.032) , high frequency weighted 4 kHz+6 kHz (A group χ(2)=6.362, P =0.012; B group χ(2)=4.054, P =0.032) than those of speech frequency average value in the same group on oc-cupational noise-induced deafness diagnosis rate, the difference was statistically significant. There was no sig-nificant difference between age groups (χ(2)=2.265, P =0.944) . 4. The better ear's mean value of pure speech fre-quency and the weighted values into different high frequency of working years on each group were compared, working years more than 10 years group was significantly higher than that of average thresholds of each frequen-cy band in 3-5 group ( F =2.271, P =0.001) , 6-10 group ( F =1.563, P =0.046) , the difference was statistically significant. The different high frequency weighted values were higher than those of the mean value of pure speech frequency, and the high frequency weighted 4 kHz+6 kHz had the highest frequency difference, with an average increase of 2.83 dB. 5. The diagnostic rate into weighted different high frequency was higher in the mild, moderate and severe grades than in the pure speech frequency. In the comparison of diagnosis for mild occupational noise-induced deafness, in addition to the weighted 3 kHz high frequency (χ(2)=3.117, P =0.077) had no significant difference, the weighted 4 kHz (χ(2)=10.835, P =0.001) , 6 kHz (χ(2)=9.985, P =0.002) , 3 kHz+4 kHz (χ(2)=6.315, P =0.012) , 3 kHz+6 kHz (χ(2)=6.315, P =0.012) , 4 kHz+6 kHz (χ(2)=9.985, P =0.002) , 3 kHz+4 kHz+6 kHz (χ(2)=7.667, P =0.002) were significantly higher than the diagnosis rate of the mean value of pure speech frequency. There was no significant difference between the two groups in the moderate and se-vere grades ( P >0.05) . Conclusion: Bring into different high frequency hearing threshold weighted value in-creases the diagnostic rate of occupational noise-induced deafness, the weighted 4 kHz, 6 kHz and 4 kHz+ 6 kHz high frequency value affects the result greatly, and the weighted 4 kHz+6 kHz high frequency hearing threshold value is maximum the effect on occupational noise-induced deafness diagnosis.

Thirty-nine cases of maternal deaths directly caused by incorrect use of oxytocin in Fujian Province from 1986 to 1992 were analysed. The results showed that 90.00% of these deaths occurred in the rural and mountainous areas. The main reason was the ignorance of the birth attendents on the pros and cons of oxytocin administration and therefore the incorrect use. The causes of maternal deaths were ranged in the following order: uterine rupture, soft tissue injury of the birth canal and amniotic fluid embolism. All were emergent deaths with 79.49% dying in intrapartum period or within four hours after delivery and 28.20% at patients' home or on their way to hospital.

It is well known that the ability of the immature rodent fetal beta cell to release insulin in response to a glucose challenge can be enhanced by chronic exposure to a high concentration of glucose in vitro. It might be thought that the human fetal beta cell would mature similarly in vitro, because neonates born of diabetic mothers release insulin in a more mature manner than normal infants. Using an organ culture of human fetal pancreatic explants, we have examined this possibility by exposing the tissue to 0-30 mM glucose. Six weeks of exposure of pancreatic explants to as high a concentration of glucose as 30 mM did not cause significant enhancement of the insulinogenic response to an acute challenge with 20 mM glucose. In contrast, chronic insulin release was enhanced, although culture medium containing 2.8 mM glucose was equally as efficacious as that with 30 mM glucose. Just as with insulin, proinsulin levels in the culture media containing no glucose also were suppressed. Degranulation of the beta cell exposed to high concentrations of glucose did not occur, the insulin content of the explants at the end of culture being enhanced in those maintained in 5.6-30 mM but not 2.8 mM glucose. Desensitization to the acute stimulatory effect of 10 mM theophylline did not eventuate, even in explants exposed to 30 mM glucose. In contrast to the human explants, rat fetal pancreatic explants did mature when exposed to 11.2 mM glucose for 1 week.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

In order to study the relationship between daily consumption of mouldy food and the incidence of oesophageal cancer, we examined the mutagenicity of Alternaria alternata and Penicillium cyclopium, which seriously contaminate grain in Linxian county, China. We first examined extracts of cultured strains of A. alternata. In the reverse mutation test, positive results were obtained in 85% of strains; positive results were seen in 84% of 19/20 strains in the rec assay. Eight of ten strains induced sister chromatid exchange, and two of eight strains induced chromatid breaks. Six of seven strains induced unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA synthesis inhibition. One extract induced a higher frequency of sister chromatid exchange in lymphocytes from normal persons than in those from patients with oesophageal cancer, and the spontaneous break-points in patients were related to fragile sites and neoplasia-associated break-points. The toxins alternariol and its monomethyl ether, produced by A. alternata, were examined in the reverse mutation assay and for unscheduled DNA synthesis. The results were similar to those obtained with extracts of the different strains. Alternariol had a four to eight times greater effect than its monomethyl ether. Of 24 strains of P. cyclopium isolated from cereals in Linxian, four were cultured with rice and 19 in Raulin-Thom medium. Cultures in Raulin-Thorn medium, solution and hyphae were then extracted. The strains cultured with rice induced sister chromatid exchange, unscheduled DNA synthesis and DNA synthesis inhibition. The solution extracts of 14 strains were positive in the rec assay, and five strains were positive in the reverse mutation test.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Blue-cotton (-rayon) adsorbable fractions of human urines were examined for mutagenicity in Salmonella typhimurium TA98 with metabolic activation. Ingestion of cooked beef caused significant increases in urinary mutagenicity that were comparable to that caused by cigarette smoking. When a sample obtained after ingestion of cooked beef was passed through a carboxymethyl cellulose column, the mutagenicity of the eluate was found to be almost one order of magnitude greater than that of the original sample, suggesting the presence of antimutagenic factors in the sample. The oleic acid content of the sample was not great enough to account for this phenomenon. Other urine samples subjected to column fractionation were found to contain the putative antimutagenic factors. This finding further confounds the monitoring of urinary mutagenicity.

A health survey was conducted among spraymen exposed to 2.5% deltamethrin EC in the cotton fields. The subjects were exposed to deltamethrin at concentrations of 0.022-24.070 micrograms/m3 in respiratory zone air and of 0.013-0.347 micrograms/cm2 of skin contact. Results showed that one-half of the 44 subjects examined complained of itching and burning sensations on their faces. A few miliary red papules also appeared on the face of one subject but not sign of acute deltamethrin poisoning was evident on physical examination. There were no significant differences between the subjects examined and the controls in sodium, potassium, and urea contents in the serum, sodium potassium ATPase and serotonin in whole blood, and 3-methyl-4-hydroxymandelic acid and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid in the urine. Deltamethrin in the urine of spraymen was below the detection limit (0.20 microgram/liter) of the method used.