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In light of the important biological activities and widespread applications of organic disulfides, dithiocarbamates, xanthates, thiocarbamates and thiocarbonates, the continual persuit of efficient methods for their synthesis remains crucial. Traditionally, the preparation of such compounds heavily relied on intricate multi‐step syntheses and the use of highly prefunctionalized starting materials. Over the past two decades, the direct sulfuration of C−H bonds has evolved into a straightforward, atom‐ and step‐economical method for the preparation of organosulfur compounds. This review aims to provide an up‐to‐date discussion on direct C−H disulfuration, dithiocarbamation, xanthylation, thiocarbamation and thiocarbonation, with a special focus on describing scopes and mechanistic aspects. Moreover, the synthetic limitations and applications of some of these methodologies, along with the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future are also discussed. The majority of examples covered in this review are accomplished via metal‐free, photochemical or electrochemical approaches, which are in alignment with the overraching objectives of green and sustainable chemistry. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate recent advancements, providing valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of efficient and sustainable synthetic strategies for these crucial classes of organosulfur compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The waterborne polyurethane (WPU) was synthesized with isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI), polyethyleneglycol-400 (PEG-400), polyethyleneglycol-2000 (PEG-2000), dimethylolpropionic acid (DMPA) and trimethylolpropane (TMP) in this work. And the hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), butyl acrylate (BA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) followed to modify the WPU by physical mixing and chemical integration to obtain the polyurethane/polyacrylate (PU/PA) and crosslinked polyurethane-acrylate (LPUA), respectively. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of functional groups of LPUA. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) illustrated that the heat resistance of LPUA was better than that of PU/PA and WPU. And the effect of acrylate used to modify WPU on LPUA is also discussed. Lastly, LPUA was combined with Basic Red 1# to prepare fluorescent composite which could be used to dye cotton fabric. Such properties of fluorescent composite such as washing color fastness, heat-resistance were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Natural dyestuff of luteolin was used to dye wool fabric in this paper, and the interaction between dyestuff and fiber was preliminarily discussed through thermodynamic study and supramolecular structure simulation to explain the inherent reasons why the color fastness was low when natural dyestuff was applied to dyeing wool fabric. The results of dyeing thermodynamics showed that the adsorption model of luteolin on wool fabric was accordance with Nernst model and it was similar to the disperse dyestuff. With molecular simulation, luteolin and glycin composed 8 stable complexes whose Laplaeian values all were greater than 0, which suggested typical hydrogen bonds existing. The interaction energy of 8 complexes ranged from - 61.85 to - 11.71 kj/mol and the complex with three hydrogen bonds was proved the most stable. Both studies on thermodynamics and supramolecular simulation indicated that the interaction of luteolin on wool fabric depended mainly on the weak hydrogen bonds, which decided the low color fastness between them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two dyestuffs such as strong acid dyestuff yellow MR and weak acid dyestuff red NG were applied to dye wool fiber, and the exhaustion rate curves of traditional dyeing process and infrared dyeing process were compared. Infrared low-temperature dyeing process for wool fiber was carried out using formic acid as auxiliary. The effects of infrared dyeing temperature, infrared dyeing time and concentration of formic acid were discussed to optimize the dyeing process. The optimal infrared low-temperature dyeing processes were started at 50°C , and raised to 80°C or 90°C with a rate of 1°C /min, then kept for 50 minutes for strong acid dyestuff yellow MR and weak acid dyestuff red NG, respectively. The corresponding concentration of formic acid was 240 g/L or 260 g/L. After dyeing, the color water-fastness was grade 4 approximately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the traditional acrylic fiber dyeing process, the cationic dye has always been the exclusive dye for acrylic. However, the issue that it is not high of level dyeing, as well as the high cost have been difficult to solve. This paper focused on that direct dyes as raw materials, and discussed the effect of the liquor ratio, pH value, sodium chloride concentration, dye concentration and fixing agent on dyeing properties of acrylics. The experiments show that the apparent depth and washable color fastness of acrylic were enhanced which was fixed after stained by direct dyes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In light of the important biological activities and widespread applications of organic disulfides, dithiocarbamates, xanthates, thiocarbamates and thiocarbonates, the continual persuit of efficient methods for their synthesis remains crucial. Traditionally, the preparation of such compounds heavily relied on intricate multi-step syntheses and the use of highly prefunctionalized starting materials. Over the past two decades, the direct sulfuration of C-H bonds has evolved into a straightforward, atom- and step-economical method for the preparation of organosulfur compounds. This review aims to provide an up-to-date discussion on direct C-H disulfuration, dithiocarbamation, xanthylation, thiocarbamation and thiocarbonation, with a special focus on describing scopes and mechanistic aspects. Moreover, the synthetic limitations and applications of some of these methodologies, along with the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future are also discussed. The majority of examples covered in this review are accomplished via metal-free, photochemical or electrochemical approaches, which are in alignment with the overraching objectives of green and sustainable chemistry. This comprehensive review aims to consolidate recent advancements, providing valuable insights into the dynamic landscape of efficient and sustainable synthetic strategies for these crucial classes of organosulfur compounds., (© 2024 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

Organochalcogen compounds are prevalent in numerous natural products, pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, polymers, biological molecules and synthetic intermediates. Direct chalcogenation of C-H bonds has evolved as a step- and atom-economical method for the synthesis of chalcogen-bearing compounds. Nevertheless, direct C-H chalcogenation severely lags behind C-C, C-N and C-O bond formations. Moreover, compared with the C-H monochalcogenation, reports of selective mono-/dichalcogenation and exclusive dichalcogenation of C-H bonds are relatively scarce. The past decade has witnessed significant advancements in selective mono-/dichalcogenation and exclusive dichalcogenation of various C(sp 2 )-H and C(sp 3 )-H bonds via transition-metal-catalyzed/mediated, photocatalytic, electrochemical or metal-free approaches. In light of the significance of both mono- and dichalcogen-containing compounds in various fields of chemical science and the critical issue of chemoselectivity in organic synthesis, the present review systematically summarizes the advances in these research fields, with a special focus on elucidating scopes and mechanistic aspects. Moreover, the synthetic limitations, applications of some of these processes, the current challenges and our own perspectives on these highly active research fields are also discussed. Based on the substrate types and C-H bonds being chalcogenated, the present review is organized into four sections: (1) transition-metal-catalyzed/mediated chelation-assisted selective C-H mono-/dichalcogenation or exclusive dichalcogenation of (hetero)arenes; (2) directing group-free selective C-H mono-/dichalcogenation or exclusive dichalcogenation of electron-rich (hetero)arenes; (3) C(sp 3 )-H dichalcogenation; (4) dichalcogenation of both C(sp 2 )-H and C(sp 3 )-H bonds. We believe the present review will serve as an invaluable resource for future innovations and drug discovery.

The title compound, (C(11)H(18)N(4))[CdBr(4)], was prepared by an anion exchange. The dihedral angle between the two planar imidazolium rings in the cation is 74.4 (4)°. The crystal packing is stabilized by weak inter-molecular C-H⋯Br hydrogen bonds between the cation and the tetrahedral anion, building up a three-dimensionnal network.