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Objective To investigate the effect of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1) on human periodontal ligament fibroblasts (hPDLFs) stimulated by lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg-LPS). Methods hPDLFs were obtained and identified by immunohistochemistry. The stimulating concentration of Pg-LPS was determined by qRT-PCR and CCK-8. The hPDLFs were divided into 4 groups: blank control group, 100 μg/mL pure Pg-LPS; low concentration group, 1 ng/mL TGF-β1+100 μg/mL Pg-LPS; medium concentration group, 10 ng/mL TGF-β1+100 μg/mL Pg-LPS; and high concentration group 100 ng/mL TGF-β1+100 μg/mL Pg-LPS. Cell proliferation was measured by CCK-8 assay at 72 hours, cell migration was measured by scratch and Transwell chamber assays at 24 hours, and the cell cycle of the hPDLFs was measured by flow cytometry at 72 hours. The expression of Forkhead/winged helix transcription factor p3 (Foxp3), interleukin-6 (IL-6) and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) mRNA in hPDLFs at 72 hours was measured by qRT-PCR, and the expression of Foxp3, IL-6 and EBI3 proteins in hPDLFs at 72 hours was detected by western blot. Results The immunohistochemistry results showed that anti-vimentin was positive and anti-keratin was negative. At a concentration of 100 μg/mL Pg-LPS, the expression of IL-6 mRNA in hPDLFs was increased (P

Objective: This article focus on patients with moderate-to-severe periodontitis and periodontitis patients with cardiovascular disease. After they received periodontal initial therapy or antimicrobial drug treatment, was there any improvement in endothelial function during short- and long-term followups? Method: Relevant randomized controlled trials and clinical trials up to 30th June 2024 were identified and retrieved from electronic databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Web of Science and CNKI databases, with periodontitis therapy, periodontal disease and endothelial function as the keywords. The weighted (WMD) or standardized mean difference (SMD) was calculated using a fixed- or random-effect model and assessed heterogeneous results. Result: Generally, 14 studies published between 2004 and 2022 were eligible for the meta-analysis, which are all randomised clinical trials. A total of 491 periodontitis patients were screened. All participants received whole-mouth supragingival and subgingival scaling and root planing of the teeth, some trials combined with antimicrobial drug treatment as well as extracting teeth that could not be saved. The outcome indicators were measured by flow-mediated dilatation(FMD) levels. The results of the short term (≤3 months) periodontitis initial therapy group showed positive results (WMD = -3.78,95%CI = [-5.49,-2.07], P<0.0001), while the results of the long term (6 months) periodontitis therapy group exhibited significant difference (WMD = -0.96,95%CI = [-2.06,0.14],P = 0.09). Furthermore, study population were categorized according to the severity of periodontitis, the presence of comorbidities, endothelial dysfunction, and the inclusion of extractions and antimicrobial therapy in the treatment process. The effects of each of these factors on FMD were explored and the results of these subgroups all support periodontitis therapy. Conclusion: The results showed that periodontal treatment enhances endothelial function. Additionally, after subgroup analysis of long-term and short-term follow-up, patients with severe periodontitis, and different periodontal treatments, periodontal therapy was shown to increase FMD levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Periodontal ligament cells (PDLCs) are a major component of the periodontal ligament and have an important role in the regeneration of periodontal tissue and maintenance of homeostasis. High glucose can affect the activity and function of PDLCs in a variety of ways; therefore, it is particularly important to find ways to alleviate the effects of high glucose on PDLCs. Annexin A2 (ANXA2) is a calcium- and phospholipid-binding protein involved in a variety of cellular functions and processes, including cellular cytokinesis, cytophagy, migration, and proliferation. Aim: The aim of this study was to exploring whether ANXA2 attenuates the deleterious effects of high glucose on PDLCs and promotes osteogenic differentiation capacity. Methods and results: Osteogenic differentiation potential, cellular senescence, oxidative stress, and cellular autophagy were detected. Culturing PDLCs with medium containing different glucose concentrations (CTRL, 8 mM, 10 mM, 25 mM, and 40 mM) revealed that high glucose decreased the protein expression of ANXA2 (p < 0.0001). In addition, high glucose decreased the osteogenic differentiation potential of PDLCs as evidenced by decreased calcium deposition (p = 0.0003), lowered ALP activity (p = 0.0010), and a decline in the expression of osteogenesis-related genes (p = 0.0008). Moreover, β-Galactosidase staining and expression of p16, p21 and p53 genes showed that it increased cellular senescence in PDLCs (p < 0.0001). Meanwhile high glucose increased oxidative stress in PDLCs as shown by ROS (p < 0.0001). However, these damages caused by high glucose were inhibited after the addition of 1 µM recombinant ANXA2 (rANXA2), and we found that rANXA2 enhanced autophagy in PDLCs under high glucose conditions. Conclusions and discussion: Therefore, our present study demonstrates that alterations in ANXA2 under high glucose conditions may be a factor in the decreased osteogenic differentiation potential of PDLCs. Meanwhile, ANXA2 is associated with autophagy, oxidative stress, and cellular senescence under high glucose conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Orthodontic patients often suffer from mucosal discomfort due to the friction stimulation of orthodontic components on the oral mucosa, and semiconductor laser can treat the oral mucosal discomfort caused by orthodontic treatment, such as redness, swelling, ulcers, etc. This study innovatively created a persistent traumatic environment in the mouth of rats to simulate the intraoral conditions of orthodontic patients, with the aim of using animal models to broaden the understanding of semiconductor laser repair mechanisms of orthodontic traumatic ulcers. 32 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: 1) blank control group; 2) control group; 3) chlorhexidine group; 4) laser group 1; 5) laser group 2; 6) laser group 3. The research contents included ulcer healing degree score, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, histological observation of stained sections of ulcer tissue, and analysis of microbial attachment on ulcer surface. The results showed that the continuous traumatic environment significantly prolonged the healing time of ulcer (P<0.05). During the ulcer duration, the proinflammatory factor level was lower, the anti-inflammatory factor level was higher and the healing score was better in the laser group (P<0.05). The antibacterial effect of semiconductor laser is less than 0.12% chlorhexidine solution; Hematoxylin-eosin tissue sections showed lower inflammatory cell infiltration and better epithelial healing in the laser group. This study shows that continuous traumatic environment can delay ulcer healing, and semiconductor laser with appropriate irradiation time is superior to traditional 0.12% chlorhexidine solution in reducing inflammation, relieving pain and promoting ulcer tissue healing. Compared with previous studies, the animal model in this study has made some progress and is closer to the real oral conditions of orthodontic patients. The results further demonstrated the potential of semiconductor laser in the treatment of oral traumatic ulcers during orthodontics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to explore the properties of the lignin-derived amine-free photoinitiating systems (PISs) during the curing process. Four novel hydrogen donors (HD1, HD2, HD3, and HD4) derived from lignin α-O-4 structural were designed and synthesized by simple methods, and their low C–H bond dissociation energies on methylene were determined by molecular orbitals theory. Four experimental groups using CQ (camphorquinone)/HD PIs formulated with Bis-GMA/TEGDMA (70 w%/30 w%) were compared to CQ/EDB (ethyl 4-dimethylamino benzoate) system. The photopolymerization profiles and double bond conversion rate was tracked by FTIR experiments; the color bleaching ability of the samples and color aging test assay were performed using color indexes measurements; The cytotoxicity of the samples was also compared to EDB related systems. All of the experimental groups with new HDs were compared to the control group with EDB by statistical analysis. Compared to CQ/EDB system, new lignin-derived hydrogen donors combined with CQ showed comparable or even better performances in polymerization initiation to form resin samples, under a blue dental LED in air. Excellent color bleaching property was observed with the new HDs. Aging tests and cytotoxicity examination of the resin were performed, indicating the new lignin compounds to be efficient hydrogen donors for amine-free CQ-based photo-initiating system. Novel lignin α-O-4 derived hydrogen donors are promising for further usage in light-curing materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: In order to predict the patients' prognosis with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), this study set out to develop a clinically useful and trustworthy prognostic nomogram. Subjects and Methods: The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program was used to compile clinical information on patients with tongue SCC between 2010 and 2015. The likelihood of Cancer‐Specific Survival (CSS) and Overall Survival (OS) for specific patients was predicted using a prognostic nomogram created with the help of the RStudio software. The nomogram's predictive ability was evaluated using the consistency index (C‐index) and decision curve analysis, and the nomogram was calibrated for 1‐, 2‐, 3‐, 5‐, and 10‐year CSS and OS. Results: Patients numbering 6453were enrolled in this study. The primary cohort (3895) and validation cohort (2558) were each randomly assigned. Sex, age, tumor‐node‐metastasis (TNM) stage, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation were significant risk factors for OS, whereas age, TNM stage, surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were significant risk factors for CSS. Additionally, C‐index and calibration curves indicated that the prognostic nomogram prediction and the actual observation in both cohorts would be very coherent. Conclusions: The predictive nomogram created in this study can offer patients with tongue SCC customized treatment and survival risk assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Transcriptional regulation of autophagy depends on the transcription factors coordinated inflammatory feedback mechanism. Here, we provide a comprehensive functional characterization of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) treated with Porphyromonas gingivalis lipopolysaccharide (LPS), aiming to reveal previously unappreciated biological changes and to investigate how a transcription factor differentiated embryonic chondrocytes 2 (Dec2)‐deficient environment influences the function of autophagy in nflamed human PDLFs. Methods: A Dec2‐deficient (Dec2KO) experimental periodontal inflammation mouse model and treatment with P. gingivalis LPS were employed to examine the role of autophagy in PDLFs using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry in vivo. A Dec2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) was used to modulate autophagy, and the effect of autophagy on the Dec2 pathway was explored using real‐time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis in vitro. Results: LPS‐treated human PDLFs (HPDLFs) induced autophagy, as demonstrated by the enhanced levels of microtubule‐associated protein 1 light chain 3‐II (LC3‐II) and the induction of ATG5, Beclin1, and Dec2. Compared with a scrambled siRNA, a Dec2 siRNA triggered the detrimental influences of LPS and markedly enhanced autophagy expression in inflamed HPDLFs. The expression of phosphorylated ERK was increased and levels of phosphorylated mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) were decreased after exposure to LPS in Dec2 siRNA transfected HPDLFs. The Dec2KO model exhibited that P. gingivalis in Dec2 deficient conditions increases the inflammation of PDLFs by regulating autophagy. Conclusions: These results demonstrate that a Dec2 deficiency can alleviate LPS‐induced inflammation via the ERK/mTOR signaling pathway by regulating autophagy, conceivably delivering a novel approach for the detection of periodontal treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective This study aims to investigate the feasibility of tongue reconstruction by a rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flap with neurovascular pedicled in a canine model. Methods Twelve Beagle dogs were enrolled to the experiment. The animals were randomly divided into three groups, two of which (group A and B) had nerve anastomosis. The left sides were experimental sides, whereas the right sides were control sides. Twelve weeks after operation, electrophysiological test was performed to detect hypoglossal nerve latency amplitude and conduction velocity as well as to evaluate the reinner-vation of the rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flap. Results Among the 12 Beagle dogs, nine animal tongue reconstruction models by rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flap with neurovascular pedicled were successful, whereas one male Beagle dog died from ventral hernia 3 d after the operation, two female rectus peritoneal flaps were abandoned because their arterial anatomy differed from the male, which was not ideal. Hypoglossal nerve conduction velocity of group A and B were restored to the normal side of the 40%, 30%. Conclusion Animal models of tongue reconstruction can be established by a rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flap with neurovascular pedicled in Beagle dogs. Denervated rectus abdominis musculoperitoneal flap can regain hypoglossal nerve innervation. Hypoglossal nerve functions partly recover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]