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327 results on '"Zacchello, Franco"'

25. Metabolomics: moving towards personalized medicine

Author

Reniero Fabiano, Giordano Giuseppe, Carraro Silvia, Baraldi Eugenio, Perilongo Giorgio, and Zacchello Franco

Subjects
Pediatrics, RJ1-570
Abstract

Abstract In many fields of medicine there is a growing interest in characterizing diseases at molecular level with a view to developing an individually tailored therapeutic approach. Metabolomics is a novel area that promises to contribute significantly to the characterization of various disease phenotypes and to the identification of personal metabolic features that can predict response to therapies. Based on analytical platforms such as mass spectrometry or NMR-based spectroscopy, the metabolomic approach enables a comprehensive overview of the metabolites, leading to the characterization of the metabolic fingerprint of a given sample. These metabolic fingerprints can then be used to distinguish between different disease phenotypes and to predict a drug's effectiveness and/or toxicity. Several studies published in the last few years applied the metabolomic approach in the field of pediatric medicine. Being a highly informative technique that can be used on samples collected non-invasively (e.g. urine or exhaled breath condensate), metabolomics has appeal for the study of pediatric diseases. Here we present and discuss the pediatric clinical studies that have taken the metabolomic approach.

Published
2009
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27. Medium-chain triacylglycerols in formulas for preterm infants: effect on plasma lipids, circulating concentrations of medium-chain fatty acids, and essential fatty acids

Author

Carnielli, Virgilio P., Rossi, Katia, Badon, Tamara, Gregori, Barbara, Verlato, Giovanna, Orzali, Alberto, and Zacchello, Franco

Subjects
Triglycerides -- Health aspects, Infant formulas -- Physiological aspects, Infants (Premature) -- Food and nutrition, Food/cooking/nutrition, Health
Abstract

Limited information is available on the metabolic fate of medium-chain triacylglycerols (triglycerides) after intestinal absorption and on their influence on essential fatty acid metabolism. We studied in preterm infants the effect of two infant formulas, one with a high (HMCT) and one with a low (LMCT) medium-chain triacylglycerol content, on plasma fatty acids. The HMCT formula contained 46 mol% 8:0+10:0 and the LMCT formula (4.8 mol% 8:0+10:0) had approximately twice the amount of long-chain saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids as the HMCT. Both formulas had similar contents of linoleic and linolenic acids. Plasma lipids and fatty acids were determined at birth and on day 24 of life in 20 infants fed the LMCT (n = 12) or HMCT (n = 8) formula. Significant amounts of medium-chain fatty acids were found in the systemic circulation of the-infants fed the HMCT formula, mainly in plasma fatty acids and triacylglycerols. Despite striking dietary differences, palmitic and stearic acids were not different between groups, indicating de novo synthesis of long-chain fatty acids with the HMCT formula. Plasma phospholipid docosahexaenoic acid was significantly lower in the HMCT group than in the LMCT infants (1.38 [+ or -] 0.07 compared with 1.73 + 0.07 mol%, P = 0.002). Our data indicate that a high MCT intake in preterm infants increases lipogenesis, and dietary nonessential fatty acids interfere with the metabolism of docosahexaenoic acid.

Published
1996

30. Effect of disodium cromoglycate on ventilation and gas exchange during exercise in asthmatic children with a postexertion FEV sub 1 less than 15 percent

Author

Baraldi, Eugenio, Santuz, Pierantonio, Magagnin, Giampiero, Filippone, Marco, and Zacchello, Franco

Subjects
Asthma in children -- Physiological aspects, Cromolyn sodium -- Physiological aspects, Pulmonary gas exchange -- Physiological aspects, Health, Physiological aspects
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of disodium cromoglycate (DSCG) on gas exchange and ventilation during incremental exercise in asthmatic children with an [FEV.sub.1] fall less [...]

Published
1994

32. Benefits and risks of anemia correction with recombinant human erythropoietin in children maintained by hemodialysis

Author

Montini, Giovanni, Zacchello, Graziella, Baraldi, Eugenio, Zanconato, Stefania, Suppiej, Agnese, Fabris, Fabrizio, Andreetta, Barbara, Pavanello, Luigi, and Zacchello, Franco

Subjects
Erythropoietin, Recombinant -- Health aspects, Renal anemia -- Drug therapy, Health
Abstract

Anemia is a major complication of kidney failure and is responsible for reduced exercise tolerance and prolonged bleeding time, and may also contribute to abnormalities of the nervous system and other tissues. This has usually been treated by repeated transfusions, which has associated risks. However, recombinant erythropoietin (EPO), a protein made by the kidney that stimulates red blood cell synthesis, has been successfully used to treat anemia in both adults and children who were on dialysis because of kidney failure. However, some children have developed high blood pressure, possibly because the dose of EPO used was too high. EPO treatment in children has not been optimized, nor have the benefits or side effects been well studied. Ten anemic children with end-stage kidney failure, aged two to 18 years, were given increasing doses of EPO in order to establish the best treatment regimen. The treatment was aimed at achieving a target concentration of hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein in red blood cells) at the low end of normal range, adjusted for age and gender. The study used hemoglobin values after dialysis, which are likely to be more stable than predialysis values, which have been used in previous studies. EPO increased hemoglobin to target values within eight to nine weeks for most subjects, and none required transfusions. Bleeding time decreased, probably because synthesis of platelets as well as red blood cells increased. Five of the nine children had detectable brain abnormalities but no symptoms, and these improved to normal levels after correcting the anemia. Abnormalities of peripheral nerves did not improve. Improved energy and well-being were described by families or patients, and exercise tolerance improved greatly. No changes in heart function were found, and the only case of severe high blood pressure appeared to be unrelated to EPO treatment. The study suggests that EPO given under conditions described in the study is a safe and effective treatment of anemic children with severe kidney disease. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

Published
1990

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