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Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a major health problem worldwide. NAFLD is a continuum of disease ranging from mild liver steatosis to severe steatohepatitis, which will ultimately lead to end-stage liver disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. This disorder is considered as a silent liver disease. The metabolic syndrome and its components are accounted as the major risk factors for the progression of NAFLD to NASH and cirrhosis. Liver transplantation is considered as an appropriate treatment for the end-stage disease. For the last two decades, NASH has been the most common reason for liver transplantation, especially in the developed countries; however, the outcome of posttransplantation in these patients is of a great concern. The recurrent NASH and NAFLD seem to be the usual issues in LT. Steatosis appears in more than 80% of LTs; however, retransplantation caused by steatohepatitis is rare. Recently, several risk factors of the recurrent NAFLD, including age, donor steatosis, metabolic syndrome, and immunosuppressant agents, have been introduced. Among the metabolic syndrome components, obesity seriously has negative effects on the outcomes of post-liver transplantation in patients. Unfortunately, there is no standard medicine to prevent or treat the recurrent NAFLD; however, it seems that weight loss and lifestyle modification play critical roles in controlling or inhibiting the recurrent NAFLD or NASH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is emerging as a major health problem worldwide. NAFLD is a continuum of disease ranging from mild liver steatosis to severe steatohepatitis, which will ultimately lead to end-stage liver disease with high morbidity and mortality rates. This disorder is considered as a silent liver disease. The metabolic syndrome and its components are accounted as the major risk factors for the progression of NAFLD to NASH and cirrhosis. Liver transplantation is considered as an appropriate treatment for the end-stage disease. For the last two decades, NASH has been the most common reason for liver transplantation, especially in the developed countries; however, the outcome of post-transplantation in these patients is of a great concern. The recurrent NASH and NAFLD seem to be the usual issues in LT. Steatosis appears in more than 80% of LTs; however, re-transplantation caused by steatohepatitis is rare. Recently, several risk factors of the recurrent NAFLD, including age, donor steatosis, metabolic syndrome, and immunosuppressant agents, have been introduced. Among the metabolic syndrome components, obesity seriously has negative effects on the outcomes of post-liver transplantation in patients. Unfortunately, there is no standard medicine to prevent or treat the recurrent NAFLD; however, it seems that weight loss and lifestyle modification play critical roles in controlling or inhibiting the recurrent NAFLD or NASH., (Copyright © 2020, Babol University of Medical Sciences.)

Background: Evidence suggests hypovitaminosis D is associated with increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its extent and related risk factors. However, some investigations have produced contrary results. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the association between serum vitamin D levels and the severity of premature coronary artery involvement., Methods: This randomized prospective, case-control study was conducted in Babol from April 2013 to June 2017. We collected the demographic data and measured serum 25-OH-D levels of 294 patients (age≤50 years) diagnosed with CAD with coronary angiography as case group as well as 438 age and sex-matched controls. CAD severity was assessed using the Gensini score. Statistical analyses were used to assess the associations and p<0.05 was considered as significant., Results: The mean serum level of 25-OH-D was 13.12±11.13 and 18.28±8.34 in case and control groups, respectively (P=0.036). In the case group, mean serum vitamin D levels were significantly lower among hypertensives (P=0.018), those with a family history of CVD (P=0.016) and those who used aspirin (P=0.036). The mean Gensini score of patients in the case group was 45.02±23.62 and was higher among men (P=0.022). There was a weak significant correlation between the serum vitamin D levels and the Gensini score (P=0.001 & R=-0.543). The mean Gensini score was not significantly different between patients with deficient (47.02±22.78), insufficient (26.0±21.72) and sufficient (39.0±43.84) vitamin D levels (P>0.05)., Conclusion: The results showed that the lower levels of vitamin D is associated with increased risk and extent of coronary artery involvement as well as some of the risk factors of CAD, including male gender, hypertension and positive family history for CVD., Competing Interests: None