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In wireless networks signal’s security from noise has been a very challenging issue, primarily because of the broadcast nature of communication. This paper focuses on digitized Quaternion Modulation (QM) which gives better performance as compared to QPSK, QAM and QFSK. We compare the performance of quaternion modulation with other modulation schemes in terms of BER using idealistic Additive White Gaussian Noise AWGN channel. This scheme can be used in applications such as Global Positioning System (GPS), satellite and space communication system to reduce errors. The simulation results show superior performance of the proposed digitized Quaternion Modulation over its counterparts. Thus one may trade off bandwidth for BER.

Objective To compare the efficacy of 30% solution of trichloroacetic acid (TCA) with 0.025% tretinoin in the treatment of flat warts. Methods This randomized controlled trial was conducted in department of dermatology, Nishtar Hospital Multan for a period of 6 months. A total of sixty patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly allocated in to two groups by lottery method. Group A, having 30 patients received 30% TCA topical application once weekly by the physician. In group B, 30 patients were asked to apply 0.025% tretinoin lotion, twice daily. The patients were followed up every 2 weeks for 12 weeks. Efficacy was noted at the end of 12 weeks. Results Our study comprised of a total of 60 patients meeting inclusion criteria. Of these 60 study cases, 37 (61.7%) were male patients while 23 (38.3%) were female patients. Mean age of our study cases was 26.00±7.53 years. Mean no. of lesions was 7.23±2.89 and 51 (85.0%) patients had up to 10 lesions. Of these 60 study cases, 39 (65%) had lesions on face and 21 (35%) had lesions on the back of hand. Efficacy was noted in 43 (71.7%). In group A efficacy was noted in 27 (90%) while in group B, efficacy was 16 (53.3%). Conclusion Efficacy of 30 % TCA was significantly higher as compared with 0.025% tretinoin. So, we support the use of 30% TCA in the treatment of flat warts in comparison with 0.025% tretinoin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents digitised quaternion modulation system based on frequency shift keying (FSK) to improve the bit error rate (BER) performance. The paper discusses the implementation and theoretical derivations of the proposed scheme. After ensuring the orthogonality of proposed scheme theoretically, it is compared with OFDM system. The simulation results identify the superior performance of proposed system as compared with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) in terms of BER. The proposed scheme finds use in applications requiring improved BER such as military communication, point-to-point communication and point-to-multipoint communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Autoimmune diseases manifest in genetically predisposed individuals exposed to certain triggers that aggravate immune dysfunction and result in an exacerbated immune response in the form of hyperactivity to both the humoral and cell-mediated response. The devastating reality apart from the severity of the disease is that multiple immune diseases could co-occur, increasing the patient's physical, psychological, and financial burden. Autoimmune diseases are utterly deranging. One of the dreadful autoimmune diseases is systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). SLE is a rheumatological disease that affects multiple systems, and there are no predictors to know which system will be affected in the future. It could affect the mucocutaneous system. It could also present with hematological, rheumatological, neuronal, renal, pulmonary, and cardiac manifestations. SLE is prevalent in females, predominantly in the childbearing age group. The pharmacological therapy and bombarding pathophysiology of the disease lead to obstetrical and gynecological complications such as infertility, abortion, miscarriage, and stillbirth. Over the past decade, the autoimmune disease comorbidity increased eminently. One of the common associations is rheumatological diseases (like rheumatoid arthritis, Sjogren syndrome, and SLE) with gynecological diseases (e.g., endometriosis and uterine fibroids). SLE and endometriosis have strong associations, and the prevalence of each condition is relatively high among the female population. Endometriosis  is a chronic disease triggered by inflammation, hormonal milieu, and other predisposing factors that lead to the fibrous tissue that lines the uterus (endometrial tissue) to be implanted at sites other than the uterus, commonly in the peritoneum and mesentery. The pathogenesis of this association remains unexplained. The approved theory is that their immune dysfunction is summarized by the elevated humoral and cell-mediated response, which leads to an attack to the epithelium, mesothelium, and Serosa and leads to fibrous tissue deposition in different sites other than the uterus. Statistical evaluations have shown a remarkable association between autoimmune diseases and both gynecological and nongynecological diseases., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, Hamouda et al.)