29 results on '"Zahra Asadgol"'
Search Results
2. A study of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) and Trace Elements in Ambient air PM2.5 in an Urban Site of Tehran, Iran
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Majid Kermani, Zahra Asadgol, and Hossein Arfaeinia
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PM2.5, Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs), Trace Elements, Tehran ,Public aspects of medicine ,RA1-1270 - Abstract
The concentrations of thirteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and six trace elements adsorbed to a fine fraction of particulate matter (PM ≤ 2.5 µm) were determined at an urban site in Tehran (Iran) during the spring period in 2013. The average concentration of PM2.5 was 41.19 µg/m3, which was 1.64 and 1.2 times higher than the annual average of WHO guidelines and EPA ambient air quality standards, respectively. The trace elements measured in the PM2.5 samples were Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, As and Zn with the mean concentrations of 38.05, 18.2, 4.24, 4.19, 1.34, and 69:92 ng/m3 respectively. Hg wasnot found in any sample in this study. Results from correlation tests between PM2.5 concentrations and different toxic metals; which were studied in various days of the week, including holidays, 1 day after the holidays, and the other days showed that the variability between groups were significant at the 0.05 level. Exception is Hg and Zn. The mean concentrations of PM2.5 and trace elements in 1 day after the holidays were higher compared other 2 groups. Total PAHs concentrations in PM2.5 were found to be 7.92 ng/m3.The most abundant PAHs found were high molecular weight homologues (4-6 ring PAHs) such as Inp, Bgp, Dba, Bkf and Bbf, which are contributing to constituents of vehicular emissions. In general, high molecular weight PAHs are more correlated than low molecular weight PAHs. Moreover a moderate correlation was observed between total PAH concentration and PM2.5 mass.
- Published
- 2018
3. Effect of Ozonation and Hydrogen Peroxide on Reducing the Volume and Chemical Oxygen Demand of Waste Water Treatment Plants Sludge
- Author
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Mojtaba Ehsanifar, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Mehdi Shirzad Siboni, Zahra Asadgol, and Hossein Arfaeinia
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Hydrogen Peroxide ,Sewage ,Waste Water ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: Ozonation decays solids and accelerates their consolidation due to strong oxidation capability; hence, decreasing the problems and expenses of equipment and operating the sludge digestion and disposal. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of separate and combined effects of ozone and hydrogen peroxide in reducing contamination volume. Methods: Sludge ozonation was conducted with concentrations of 0.0557 to 0.5573mg O3/mgTSS5573 from 5 to 50 min. Total suspended solids (TSS), volatile solids (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameters, soluble COD, and the sludge settleability were investigated before and after the process. Results: The results demonstrated that after 50 min of ozonation and injection of mgO3/mg TSS 0.3901 ozone, sludge volume reduction reached 42%. Furthermore, after 50 minutes of ozonation, TSS and VS with a 43% and 48% reduction, reached to 4261mg/l and 3193mg/l, respectively. Total COD after 35 min of ozonation decreased 39% from 12524mg/l to 7639mg/l. Also injection of 6ml of hydrogen peroxide (30%) leading to a reduction in TSS and VS by 64 and 65%, respectively, and injection of 4ml of it, resulting in a 58% reduction in COD and 75% in the volume of sedimented sludge. The effect of the combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide resulted in the reduction of only 10% of sedimented sludge volume and also reduced removal of COD by 42%. Conclusion: According to the results, ozone and hydrogen peroxide injection to sludge, decrease sludge volume, improve in sedimentation and reduce the pollution load at the level of standard
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- 2018
4. Study of Concentrations and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metals Resulting From the Consumption of Agriculture Product in Different Farms of Dayyer City, Bushehr
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Hosein Arfaeinia, Darioush Ranjbar Vakil Abadi, Morteza Seifi, Zahra Asadgol, and Seyyed Enayat Hashemi
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heavy metals ,agricultural products ,risk assessment ,Dayyer city ,Medicine (General) ,R5-920 - Abstract
Background: Accumulation of heavy metals and increasing their concentration and reaching them to the danger range can threaten human health by entering to food chain. Thus, continuous monitoring of pollutants consentration in agricultural products is important. So, the aim of this study was to investigate the heavy metals concentration and risk assessment resulting from them in agriculture product with two types of irrigation in farms of Dayyer city which is one of the counties in Boushehr province. Material and Methods: Samples of agriculture product were harvested in three in three categories vegetables included: leafy (lettuce, spinach, cabbage), tuber (onion, potato), and fruit (tomato, green pepper) from farms of Dayyer city with two types of irrigation included River Water Irrigation (RWI( and Ground Water Irrigation (GWI). Totally 320 samples were analyzed by using (ICP-OES -Spectrum Arcos) after acidic digestion steps and extraction of heavy metals from samples. Then, the obtained results were analyzed by diffrent equations and statistic softwares. Results: results showed that the concentrations of metals were 68.75 (47.71), 277.62 (196.12), 32.68 (18.31), 42.19 (17.09), 1.76 (0.87) and 12.04 (5.83) mg kg-1 for Zn, Mn, Cu, Cr, Cd and Pb in RWI (and GWI), respectively in irrigated farms with river water (farms irrigated by ground water). The concentration of heavy metals was significantly higher in the soil of farms which irrigated with river water than those which irrigated with ground water (P
- Published
- 2016
5. The effect of climate change on cholera disease: The road ahead using artificial neural network.
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Zahra Asadgol, Hamed Mohammadi, Majid Kermani, Alireza Badirzadeh, and Mitra Gholami
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Climate change has been described to raise outbreaks of water-born infectious diseases and increases public health concerns. This study aimed at finding out these impacts on cholera infections by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) from 2021 to 2050. Daily data for cholera infection cases in Qom city, which is located in the center of Iran, were analyzed from 1998 to 2016. To determine the best lag time and combination of inputs, Gamma Test (GT) was applied. General circulation model outputs were utilized to project future climate pattern under two scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Statistical downscaling was done to produce high-resolution synthetic time series weather dataset. ANNs were applied for simulating the impact of climate change on cholera. The observed climate variables including maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation were tagged as predictors in ANNs. Cholera cases were considered as the target outcome variable. Projected future (2020-2050) climate in previous step was carried out to assess future cholera incidence. A seasonal trend in cholera infection was seen. Our results elucidated that the best lag time was 21 days. According to the results of downscaling tool, future climate in the study area by 2050 will be warmer and wetter. Simulation of cholera cases indicated that there is a clear trend of increasing cholera cases under the worst scenario (RCP8.5) by the year 2050 and the highest cholera cases observe in warmer months. The precipitation was recognized as the most effective input variable by sensitivity analysis. We observed a significant correlation between low precipitation and cholera infection. There is a strong evidence to show that cholera disease is correlated with environment variables, as low precipitation and high temperatures in warmer months could provide the swifter bacterial replication. These conditions in Iran, especially in the central parts, may raise the cholera infection rates. Furthermore, ANNs is an executive tool to simulate the impact of climate change on cholera to estimate the future trend of cholera incidence for adopting protective measures in endemic areas.
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- 2019
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6. Simulation of the potential impact of climate change on malaria incidence using artificial neural networks (ANNs)
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Zahra Asadgol, Alireza Badirzadeh, Hadi Mirahmadi, Hossein Safari, Hamed Mohammadi, and Mitra Gholami
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Environmental Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Pollution - Published
- 2023
7. The effect of climate change on malaria transmission in the southeast of Iran
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Sairan Nili, Zahra Asadgol, Hamideh Dalaei, Narges Khanjani, Bahram Bakhtiari, and Younes Jahani
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Atmospheric Science ,Ecology ,Climate Change ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Iran ,Malaria - Abstract
Malaria is a vector-borne disease, likely to be affected by climate change. In this study, general circulation model (GCM)-based scenarios were used for projecting future climate patterns and malaria incidence by artificial neural networks (ANN) in Zahedan district, Iran. Daily malaria incidence data of Zahedan district from 2000 to 2019 were inquired. The gamma test was used to select the appropriate combination of parameters for nonlinear modeling. The future climate pattern projections were obtained from HadGEM2-ES. The output was downscaled using LARS-WG stochastic weather generator under two Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5) scenarios. The effect of climate change on malaria transmission for 2021-2060 was simulated by ANN. The designed model indicated that the future climate in Zahedan district will be warmer, more humid, and with more precipitation. Assessment of the potential impact of climate change on the incidence of malaria by ANN showed the number of malaria cases in Zahedan under both scenarios (RCP2.6 and RCP 8.5). It should be noted that due to the lack of daily malaria data before 2013, monthly data from 2000 were used only for initial analysis; and in preprocessing and simulation analyses, the daily malaria data from 2013 to 2019 were used. Therefore, if proper interventions are not implemented, malaria will continue to be a health issue in this region.
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- 2022
8. Monitoring and eco-toxicity effect of paraben-based pollutants in sediments/seawater, north of the Persian Gulf
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Hossein Arfaeinia, Zahra Asadgol, Bahman Ramavandi, Sina Dobaradaran, Roshanak Rezaei Kalantari, Yusef Poureshgh, Mojtaba Behroozi, Esrafil Asgari, Farshad Bahrami Asl, and Soleyman Sahebi
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Environmental Engineering ,Sewage ,Parabens ,General Medicine ,Wastewater ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental Pollutants ,Seawater ,Indian Ocean ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
The current work is documented as the first record of the characteristics, removal efficiency, partitioning behavior, fate, and eco-toxicological effects of paraben congeners in a municipal wastewater treatment plant (WWTP, stabilization ponds) and hospital WWTPs (septic tank and activated sludge), as well as seawater-sediments collected from runoff estuarine stations (RES) and coastal stations (CS) of the north of the Persian Gulf. The median values of Σparabens at the raw wastewater and effluent of the studied WWTPs were 1884 ng/L and 468 ng/L, respectively. The activated sludge system had a greater removal efficiency (56.10%) in removing ∑parabens than the septic tank (45.05%) and stabilization pond (35.54%). The discharge rates of methyl paraben (MeP) was computed to be 2.23, 21.18, and 9.12 g/d/1000 people for stabilization ponds, septic tank, and activated sludge, respectively. Median concentrations of Σparabens in seawater (103.42 ng/L) and sediments (322.05 ng/g dw) from RES stations were significantly larger than from CS stations (61.2 and 262.0 ng/g dw in seawater and sediments, respectively) (P 0.05). The median of field-based k
- Published
- 2022
9. Occurrence, spatial distribution, seasonal variations, potential sources, and inhalation-based health risk assessment of organic/inorganic pollutants in ambient air of Tehran
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Mitra Gholami, Hossein Arfaeinia, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Zahra Asadgol, Babak Goodarzi, Majid Kermani, and Abbas Shahsavani
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Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,BTEX ,Iran ,010501 environmental sciences ,Spatial distribution ,medicine.disease_cause ,Risk Assessment ,01 natural sciences ,Asbestos ,Diesel fuel ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,Geochemistry and Petrology ,Metals, Heavy ,Administration, Inhalation ,medicine ,Humans ,Environmental Chemistry ,Cities ,Organic Chemicals ,Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science ,Water Science and Technology ,Pollutant ,Air Pollutants ,Inhalation ,Health risk assessment ,Environmental Exposure ,General Medicine ,Environmental chemistry ,Carcinogens ,Environmental science ,Particulate Matter ,Seasons ,Risk assessment ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
The present study evaluated the concentrations, spatial distribution, seasonal variations, potential sources, and risk assessment of organic/inorganic pollutants in ambient air of Tehran city. Totally, 180 air samples were taken from 9 sampling stations from March 2018 to March 2019 and were analyzed to determine the concentrations of organic pollutants (BTEX compounds and PM2.5-bound PAHs) plus inorganic pollutants (PM2.5-bound metals and asbestos fibers). The results revealed that the mean concentrations of ∑ PAHs, BTEX, ∑ heavy metals, and asbestos fibers were 5.34 ng/m3, 60.55 µg/m3, 8585.12 ng/m3, and 4.13 fiber/ml in the cold season, respectively, and 3.88 ng/m3, 33.86 µg/m3, 5682.61 ng/m3, and 3.21 fiber/ml in the warm season, respectively. Source apportionment of emission of the air pollutants showed that PAHs are emitted from diesel vehicles and industrial activities. BTEX and asbestos are also released mainly by vehicles. The results of the inhalation-based risk assessment indicated that the carcinogenic risk of PAHs, BTEX, and asbestos exceeded the recommended limit by The US environmental protection agency (US EPA) and WHO (1 × 10–4). The risk of carcinogenesis of heavy metal of lead and chromium also exceeded the recommended limit. Thus, proper management strategies are required to control the concentration of these pollutants in Tehran's ambient air in order to maintain the health of Tehran’s citizens.
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- 2020
10. Monitoring BTEX compounds and asbestos fibers in the ambient air of Tehran, Iran: Seasonal variations, spatial distribution, potential sources, and risk assessment
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Hossein Arfaeinia, Mitra Gholami, Zahra Asadgol, Majid Kermani, Ramin Maleki, and Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Soil Science ,BTEX ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease_cause ,01 natural sciences ,Ethylbenzene ,Asbestos ,Analytical Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Hazardous waste ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Benzene ,Waste Management and Disposal ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology ,010401 analytical chemistry ,Xylene ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Pollution ,0104 chemical sciences ,Ambient air ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental science ,Risk assessment - Abstract
The toxic air pollutants such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) as well as asbestos are considered hazardous because of their role in adverse impacts on human health. Accordingly,...
- Published
- 2020
11. Indirect estimation of child mortality using 2011 census data in the Islamic Republic of Iran
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Yaser Mokhayeri, Zahra Asadgol, Seyed Mohammad Riahi, Seyed Saeed Hashemi-Nazari, and Elahe Rafiei
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Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Index (economics) ,Iran ,Age Distribution ,Life Expectancy ,Infant Mortality ,medicine ,Cluster Analysis ,Humans ,Mortality ,Child ,Estimation ,Spatial Analysis ,Mortality rate ,Public health ,Infant, Newborn ,Infant ,Censuses ,General Medicine ,Census ,Infant mortality ,Child mortality ,Geography ,Child, Preschool ,Child Mortality ,Life expectancy ,Female ,Demography - Abstract
Child mortality rates are considered to be one of the key indicators of child health.The main objective of this research was to calculate child mortality rates (CMRs) indirectly, using census data, and to investigate using spatial pattern analysis the presence of any clustering patterns among provincial regions.The Trussell version of the Brass method and Coale-Demeny West model were used to estimate CMRs and life expectancy (LE) at birth. The analyses were performed using the QFive program of MORTPAK 4 software. For cluster analysis, local and global Moran's I indexes were measured.Infant mortality rate, under-5 mortality rate, 1-4 mortality rate and LE at birth were estimated as 21.9, 26, 4.1 (deaths per 1000 live births) and 72.1 years, respectively. Global Moran's I index was calculated as 0.09, 0.09, 0.08 and 0.12, respectively.Special attention must be paid in provinces with high clusters regarding the evaluation of public health programmes, and the cause of failure of these programmes in reduction of childhood mortality indices.التقدير غير المباشر لوفيات الأطفال باستخدام بيانات تعداد السكان لعام 2011 في جمهورية إيران الإسلامية.ياسر مخيري، سيد رياحي، إلهه رفيعى، زهرا اسدكل، سيد هاشمي نظرى.يُعتبر معدل وفيات الأطفال أحد المؤشرات الرئيسية لصحة الأطفال.كان الهدف الأساسي من هذا البحث هو حساب معدلات وفيات الأطفال بطريقة غير مباشرة، باستخدام بيانات تعداد السكان، والاستقصاء بشأن وجود أنماط التكتل على مستوى المناطق الإقليمية باستخدام تحليل النمط المكاني.استُخدمت نسخة تروسل الخاصة بطريقة براس ونموذج كول – ديمنى وست لتقدير معدلات وفيات الأطفال ومأمول العمر عند الميلاد. ولقد أُجريت التحليلات باستخدام برنامج QFive لبرمجيات MORTPAK4. ولتحليل التكتلات، قِيسَت مؤشرات موران I المحلية والعالمية.قُدِّر معدل وفيات الرضَّع، ووفيات الأطفال أقل من 5 سنوات، ومعدل وفيات الأطفال من عمر سنة إلى 4 سنوات ومأمول العمر عند الميلاد بما مقداره 21.9، و26، و4.1 (الوفيات لكل 1000 مولود حيٍّ) و72.1 عاماً على التوالي. وجاءت نتائج حساب مؤشر موران I العالمي 0.09، و0.0.9، و0.08 و0.12 على التوالي.يجب إيلاء عناية خاصة في الأقاليم ذات التكتلات المرتفعة في ما يتعلق بتقييم برامج الصحة العامة، وسبب إخفاق هذه البرامج في خفض مؤشرات وفيات الأطفال.Estimation indirecte de la mortalité juvénile à l’aide des données du recensement de 2011 en République islamique d’Iran.Les taux de mortalité juvénile sont considérés comme l’un des indicateurs clés de la santé de l’enfant.La présente recherche visait principalement à calculer les taux de mortalité juvénile de façon indirecte, à partir des données du recensement. Elle avait aussi pour objectif de rechercher la présence de tendances de regroupement dans les régions provinciales au moyen d’une analyse de la structure spatiale.La version de Trussell du modèle de Brass et le modèle Ouest des tables de Coale et Demeny ont été utilisés pour estimer les taux de mortalité juvénile et l’espérance de vie à la naissance. Les analyses ont été réalisées à l’aide du programme QFive du logiciel MORTPAK 4. Pour l’analyse en grappes, les indices de Moran local et global ont été mesurés.Le taux de mortalité infantile, le taux de mortalité des moins de 5 ans, le taux de mortalité des enfants de 1 à 4 ans et l’espérance de vie à la naissance ont été estimés à 21,9, 26, 4,1 (décès pour 1 000 naissances vivantes) et 72,1 ans, respectivement. L’indice global de Moran I a été calculé à 0,09, 0,09, 0,08 et 0,12, respectivement.Une attention particulière doit être portée aux provinces présentant des grappes importantes en ce qui concerne l’évaluation des programmes de santé publique et la cause de l’échec de ces derniers en termes de réduction des taux de mortalité juvénile.
- Published
- 2020
12. Sludge stabilization using ozonation: a pre-treatment method for composting waste activated sludge
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Mitra Gholami, Mahdi Farzadkia, Zahra Asadgol, Ali Esrafily, and Mohammad Mahdi Emamjomeh
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chemistry.chemical_classification ,Pre treatment ,Waste treatment ,Activated sludge ,chemistry ,Solubilization ,Bioreactor ,Organic matter ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2020
13. Concentration, sources, and inhalation-based risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs and trace elements in ambient air of areas with low and high traffic density in Tehran
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Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Mitra Gholami, Zahra Asadgol, Hossein Arfaeinia, Majid Kermani, Soudabeh Ghodsi, and Ramin Maleki
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Pollutant ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Inhalation ,business.industry ,Heavy metals ,010502 geochemistry & geophysics ,01 natural sciences ,Ambient air ,Diesel fuel ,Environmental chemistry ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,Environmental science ,Coal ,Gas chromatography ,business ,Risk assessment ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
In the current work, the concentration, sources, and inhalation-based risk assessment of PM2.5-bound PAHs and heavy metals was assessed in ambient air of areas with low and high traffic density in Tehran, Iran. To this end, a total of 64 air samples—28 samples in low and moderate traffic areas (LTA), and 32 samples in high traffic areas (HTA))—were taken from March 2018 to March 2019 during warm and cold seasons and analyzed by gas chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) to determination of PAHs and metals, respectively. The findings showed that the mean concentration of PM2.5, PAHs, and heavy metals were 61.08 ± 8.69 μg/m3, 28.69 ± 20.14, and 15,392.7 ± 20,073.0 ng/m3 in the low traffic areas, and 83.00 ± 9.7 μg/m3, 41.1 ± 29.6, and 19,378.2 ± 20,038.0 ng/m3 in the high traffic areas, respectively. Furthermore, the concentration of pollutants in cold season was significantly higher than those of warm season (p < 0.05). The results of source apportionment using Unmix.6 model indicated that 41.1% of PAHs is emitted through industrial activities and diesel vehicles, which are followed by traffic and transportation sources (34.2%) as well as burning coal and heating devices (26.3%). Additionally, risk assessment showed that the risk values of carcinogenicity and non-carcinogenicity resulting from PM2.5-bound PAHs and metal had exceeded the recommended safe limit by EPA.
- Published
- 2021
14. Levels and health risk assessments of particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10) in indoor/outdoor air of waterpipe cafés in Tehran, Iran
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Ehsan Abouee Mehrizi, Hossein Arfaeinia, Zahra Asadgol, Gholamreza Heydari, Mehdi Fazlzadeh, Masoud Moradi, Farhad Taghizdeh, and Ahmad Jonidi Jafari
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Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,General Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,Particulates ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Hazard quotient ,Human health ,Environmental health ,Environmental Chemistry ,Environmental science ,Indoor outdoor ,Health risk ,Risk assessment ,Cancer risk ,Air quality index ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
To determine the concentration of particulate matters (PM2.5 and PM10), 36 samples were collected from indoor/outdoor air of hookah cafes (HS), cigarette cafes (CS), both hookah and cigarette (HCS), and no-smoking building (NS) in Tehran City from December 2017 to March 2018. The mean ± SD of PM10 concentration in the indoor air of the cafes in terms of HS, CS, HCS, and NS sites has been 702.35, 220.20, 1156.60, and 60.12 μg/m3, while for PM2.5, the values have been 271.92, 111.80, 619.10, and 22.25 μg/m3, respectively. It was also found that the PM concentration inside the cafes was higher during weekend session (with a higher number of active smokers), than during the weekday sessions. Moreover, the PM levels in the indoor air of the cafes were considerably higher than those of the outdoors (p
- Published
- 2019
15. How climate change can affect cholera incidence and prevalence? A systematic review
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Yaser Mokhayeri, Mitra Gholami, Hamed Mohammadi, Sadegh Niazi, Zahra Asadgol, Alireza Badirzadeh, and Majid Kermani
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El Nino-Southern Oscillation ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,Climate Change ,Incidence ,Prevalence ,Scopus ,Climate change ,Regression analysis ,General Medicine ,010501 environmental sciences ,medicine.disease ,01 natural sciences ,Pollution ,Cholera ,Extreme weather ,Geography ,Systematic review ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Environmental Chemistry ,Humans ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Although the number of cholera infection decreased universally, climate change can potentially affect both incidence and prevalence rates of disease in endemic regions. There is considerable consistent evidence, explaining the associations between cholera and climatic variables. However, it is essentially required to compare and interpret these relationships globally. The aim of the present study was to carry out a systematic review in order to identify and appraise the literature concerning the relationship between nonanthropogenic climatic variabilities such as extreme weather- and ocean-related variables and cholera infection rates. The systematic literature review of studies was conducted by using determined search terms via four major electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus) according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) approach. This search focused on published articles in English-language up to December 31, 2018. A total of 43 full-text studies that met our criteria have been identified and included in our analysis. The reviewed studies demonstrated that cholera incidence is highly attributed to climatic variables, especially rainfall, temperature, sea surface temperature (SST) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The association between cholera incidence and climatic variables has been investigated by a variety of data analysis methodologies, most commonly time series analysis, generalized linear model (GLM), regression analysis, and spatial/GIS. The results of this study assist the policy-makers who provide the efforts for planning and prevention actions in the face of changing global climatic variables.
- Published
- 2020
16. Effect of Ozonation and Hydrogen Peroxide on Reducing the Volume and Chemical Oxygen Demand of Waste Water Treatment Plants Sludge
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Hossein Arfaeinia, Mehdi Shirzad Siboni, Ahmad Jonidi Jafari, Zahra Asadgol, and Mojtaba Ehsanifar
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lcsh:R5-920 ,Sewage ,Chemistry ,0208 environmental biotechnology ,Chemical oxygen demand ,Hydrogen Peroxide ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,020801 environmental engineering ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,Waste Water ,Sewage treatment ,lcsh:Medicine (General) ,Hydrogen peroxide - Abstract
Background: Ozonation decays solids and accelerates their consolidation due to strong oxidation capability; hence, decreasing the problems and expenses of equipment and operating the sludge digestion and disposal. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effect of separate and combined effects of ozone and hydrogen peroxide in reducing contamination volume. Methods: Sludge ozonation was conducted with concentrations of 0.0557 to 0.5573mg O3/mgTSS5573 from 5 to 50 min. Total suspended solids (TSS), volatile solids (VS), chemical oxygen demand (COD) parameters, soluble COD, and the sludge settleability were investigated before and after the process. Results: The results demonstrated that after 50 min of ozonation and injection of mgO3/mg TSS 0.3901 ozone, sludge volume reduction reached 42%. Furthermore, after 50 minutes of ozonation, TSS and VS with a 43% and 48% reduction, reached to 4261mg/l and 3193mg/l, respectively. Total COD after 35 min of ozonation decreased 39% from 12524mg/l to 7639mg/l. Also injection of 6ml of hydrogen peroxide (30%) leading to a reduction in TSS and VS by 64 and 65%, respectively, and injection of 4ml of it, resulting in a 58% reduction in COD and 75% in the volume of sedimented sludge. The effect of the combination of ozone and hydrogen peroxide resulted in the reduction of only 10% of sedimented sludge volume and also reduced removal of COD by 42%. Conclusion: According to the results, ozone and hydrogen peroxide injection to sludge, decrease sludge volume, improve in sedimentation and reduce the pollution load at the level of standard
- Published
- 2018
17. Urinary level of un-metabolized parabens in women working in beauty salons
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Mansour Ziaei, Hossein Arfaeinia, Samira Yousefzadeh, Nima Rashidi, Zahra Asadgol, Bahman Ramavandi, and Sina Dobaradaran
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Traditional medicine ,Chemistry ,Urinary system ,Metabolite ,Significant difference ,Parabens ,Cosmetics ,Environmental Exposure ,Urine ,Biochemistry ,Paraben ,Beauty ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Frequency detection ,Humans ,Environmental Pollutants ,Female ,Ethyl paraben ,General Environmental Science ,PROPYL PARABEN - Abstract
Parabens are a group of chemical additive extensively utilized in various health care products and ubiquitously observed in the different environmental matrixes. Nevertheless, the exposure of women working in beauty salons to these pollutants is not well-documented. For this purpose, 50.00 women working in beauty salons were chosen as the exposed group (EG) and 35.00 housewives were chosen as the control group (GC). The concentration of methyl paraben (MeP), ethyl paraben (EtP), butyl paraben (BuP), propyl paraben (PrP), benzyl paraben (BzP), heptyl paraben (HepP), and para-hydroxybenzoic acid (4-HB) metabolite were quantified in the collected urine samples. It was seen that paraben sexist with a high detection frequency (DF) in the urine of women working in beauty salons. The results also revealed that the significant difference between the urinary parabens level in the EG and CG (P value 0.05). The median concentration of Σparaben and HB-4 metabolite in the before exposure (BE) samples was 124.00 and 219.00 μg/L, while in the after exposure (AE) samples, it was 156.00 and 249.00 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, the parabens levels in the AE samples were considerably higher than in BE samples in women working in beauty salons (P value 0.05). This research also documented that "personal care products (PCPs) usage" can be known as a leading factor for the urinary paraben level in the studied individuals. The median total estimated daily intakes (TEsDI) for MeP, EtP, and PrP for the studied women were obtained as 8.02, 4.57, and 7.88 μg/L respectively. Also, a significant and positive association was observed between EtP, PrP as well as BuP and 8-OhdG (as a DNA oxidative stress biomarker) (P value 0.01). Further, a significant and positive association was found between EtP as well as BuP and some biomarkers of kidney damage (like uTIMP-1 and uKim-1). Accordingly, it can be stated that women working in beauty salons are at a high risk in terms of DNA oxidative stress and kidney damage.
- Published
- 2021
18. Characteristics, distribution and sources of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in coastal sediments from the heavily industrialized area of Asalouyeh, Iran
- Author
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Morteza Seifi, Hossein Arfaeinia, Masoud Moradi, Zahra Asadgol, Ehsan Ahmadi, and Sina Dobaradaran
- Subjects
Total organic carbon ,Geologic Sediments ,Environmental Engineering ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Water pollutants ,Industrial Waste ,Iran ,010501 environmental sciences ,Contamination ,Polychlorinated Biphenyls ,01 natural sciences ,World health ,Indian ocean ,Dry weight ,Environmental chemistry ,Environmental monitoring ,Humans ,Environmental science ,Multivariate statistical ,Indian Ocean ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Water Science and Technology - Abstract
In this research, the levels of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were investigated in the marine sediments of Asaluyeh harbor, in the Persian Gulf. The samples were taken from industrial, semi-industrial and urban regions. The mean concentration levels of total (Σ) 18 detected PCBs were 514.32, 144.67 and 31.6 pg/g dw for the industrial, semi-industrial and urban sampling stations, respectively. Based on a multivariate statistical analysis, it was found that high contamination levels of PCBs in sediments collected along the Persian Gulf were associated with releases from local industries. Total organic carbon (TOC) content was significantly and positively correlated with the concentrations of PCB congeners. World Health Organization toxic equivalents (TEQs) for PCBs ranged from 0.04 to 2.66 pg TEQ/g dry weight (dw) in the coastal sediments. The TEQ values in this study were higher than many reported worldwide in the literature for sediments. This suggests that there are high levels of contamination in the area due to industrial and other human activities.
- Published
- 2017
19. The burden of leishmaniasis in Iran, acquired from the global burden of disease during 1990–2010
- Author
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Yaser Mokhayeri, Adel Spotin, Mohammad Zeinali, Alireza Badirzadeh, Mehdi Mohebali, Zahra Asadgol, Lynn Soong, and Mohammad Reza Shirzadi
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Microbiology (medical) ,Burden of disease ,lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine ,lcsh:RC955-962 ,030106 microbiology ,030231 tropical medicine ,lcsh:Medicine ,Burden ,Iran ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Environmental protection ,Environmental health ,parasitic diseases ,medicine ,Disability-adjusted life year ,Mortality ,Leishmaniasis ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Disability-adjusted life-year ,medicine.disease ,Global burden of disease ,Infectious Diseases ,business - Abstract
Objective: To report and measure the burden of leishmaniasis in Iran using the global burden of disease (GBD) results, conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation for the years 1990 to 2010, and provide some recommendations for reaching better conclusions about the burden of disease. Methods: GBD burden and fatality rates of leishmaniasis were compared with the findings registered by the Ministry of Health and Medical Education (MOHME). Data obtained from the GBD for the years 1990 to 2010 were used to estimate the disability-adjusted life-years and fatality rates of leishmaniasis in Iran. Results: The GBD estimated 229 714 disability-adjusted life-years due to leishmaniasis in Iranian people of all ages and both sexes. The number of deaths caused by visceral leishmaniasis (VL) had decreased significantly in recent years. MOHME registered data on fewer than 30 deaths in Iran from 1990 to 2010. Conclusions: The underreporting of VL deaths is always more pronounced. Findings indicate that the GBD estimation of mortality rates was surprisingly higher than MOHME’s data. The burden of leishmaniasis decreased significantly between the years 1990 and 2010 in both data sources. The possible explanation for this decrease has been discovered through the establishment of a VL surveillance system in various parts of Iran, particularly in endemic areas.
- Published
- 2017
20. The Impact of Exited Pollutants of Cement Plant on the Soil and Leaves of Trees Species: A Case Study in Golestan Province
- Author
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Hossein Arfaeinia, Zahra Asadgol, Mahdi Farzadkia, Shahram Sadeghi, Ehsan Abouee, Maryam Noradini, and Mitra Gholami
- Subjects
Pollutant ,Cement ,021110 strategic, defence & security studies ,Cadmium ,Soil test ,Ecology ,fungi ,0211 other engineering and technologies ,food and beverages ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Sampling (statistics) ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Contamination ,01 natural sciences ,Nitrogen ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,Soil Pollutants ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Background & Aims: Cement industry is very contaminated. Contaminants resulting from industries include dust, carbon compounds, sulfur and nitrogen. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the output of pollutants from cement plants in soil samples and leaf tree species. Methods: This study descriptive-analytic was designed tree species, plants and soil around the plant. Samples from four different stations within 500 meters of factory and 21 packages (each package contains three examples of the sample) were sent for laboratory tasks. Information of sampling stations in the soil, the plants and factories of qualitative and quantitative tests on samples of soil pollutants output of factories, plant species and trees daily and using written lists were collected. After the sampling, the samples were measured using standard methods and analyzed using statistical software. Results: Distribution of the total amount of metals in oak and black plants and reed Talo is normal and can be used for parametric tests. Also, there is no significant relationship statistically among the total amount of metals in plants such as oak trees, reed and Siah Talo. Conclusions: According to the findings of this study, we can conclude that dust subsides the leaves of three species of oak and black Talo and reed which contain considerable concentrations of metals such as silver, barium, bismuth, cesium, chromium, cobalt, cadmium and arsenic.
- Published
- 2016
21. Levels and health risk assessments of particulate matters (PM
- Author
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Gholamreza, Heydari, Farhad, Taghizdeh, Mehdi, Fazlzadeh, Ahmad Jonidi, Jafari, Zahra, Asadgol, Ehsan Abouee, Mehrizi, Masoud, Moradi, and Hossein, Arfaeinia
- Subjects
Air Pollutants ,Smoking ,Water Pipe Smoking ,Environmental Exposure ,Tobacco Products ,Iran ,Risk Assessment ,Smoking Water Pipes ,Air Pollution, Indoor ,Tobacco ,Humans ,Particulate Matter ,Cities ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
To determine the concentration of particulate matters (PM
- Published
- 2018
22. The effect of climate change on cholera disease: The road ahead using artificial neural network
- Author
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Alireza Badirzadeh, Hamed Mohammadi, Zahra Asadgol, Mitra Gholami, and Majid Kermani
- Subjects
Bacterial Diseases ,Atmospheric Science ,Time Factors ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Rain ,Disease ,Iran ,01 natural sciences ,Geographical Locations ,0302 clinical medicine ,Cholera ,Medicine and Health Sciences ,Climatology ,Multidisciplinary ,Geography ,Infectious Diseases ,Medicine ,Seasons ,Research Article ,Neglected Tropical Diseases ,Downscaling ,Computer and Information Sciences ,Asia ,Science ,Climate Change ,030231 tropical medicine ,Future trend ,Climate change ,03 medical and health sciences ,Environment variable ,Meteorology ,Artificial Intelligence ,medicine ,Humans ,Computer Simulation ,Precipitation ,Weather ,Artificial Neural Networks ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Computational Neuroscience ,Biology and Life Sciences ,Computational Biology ,Outbreak ,Tropical Diseases ,medicine.disease ,People and Places ,Earth Sciences ,Environmental science ,Neural Networks, Computer ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Climate change has been described to raise outbreaks of water-born infectious diseases and increases public health concerns. This study aimed at finding out these impacts on cholera infections by using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) from 2021 to 2050. Daily data for cholera infection cases in Qom city, which is located in the center of Iran, were analyzed from 1998 to 2016. To determine the best lag time and combination of inputs, Gamma Test (GT) was applied. General circulation model outputs were utilized to project future climate pattern under two scenarios of Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP2.6 and RCP8.5). Statistical downscaling was done to produce high-resolution synthetic time series weather dataset. ANNs were applied for simulating the impact of climate change on cholera. The observed climate variables including maximum and minimum temperatures and precipitation were tagged as predictors in ANNs. Cholera cases were considered as the target outcome variable. Projected future (2020-2050) climate in previous step was carried out to assess future cholera incidence. A seasonal trend in cholera infection was seen. Our results elucidated that the best lag time was 21 days. According to the results of downscaling tool, future climate in the study area by 2050 will be warmer and wetter. Simulation of cholera cases indicated that there is a clear trend of increasing cholera cases under the worst scenario (RCP8.5) by the year 2050 and the highest cholera cases observe in warmer months. The precipitation was recognized as the most effective input variable by sensitivity analysis. We observed a significant correlation between low precipitation and cholera infection. There is a strong evidence to show that cholera disease is correlated with environment variables, as low precipitation and high temperatures in warmer months could provide the swifter bacterial replication. These conditions in Iran, especially in the central parts, may raise the cholera infection rates. Furthermore, ANNs is an executive tool to simulate the impact of climate change on cholera to estimate the future trend of cholera incidence for adopting protective measures in endemic areas.
- Published
- 2019
23. Polyethyleneimine-modified superparamagnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles for lipase immobilization: Characterization and application
- Author
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Mehdi Khoobi, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Abbas Shafiee, Hamid Forootanfar, Seyed Farshad Motevalizadeh, and Zahra Asadgol
- Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis ,Materials science ,Chromatography ,biology ,Immobilized enzyme ,Condensed Matter Physics ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adsorption ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,General Materials Science ,Hexamethylene diisocyanate ,Glutaraldehyde ,Lipase ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Nuclear chemistry ,Superparamagnetism - Abstract
Magnetically separable nanospheres consisting of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and succinated PEI grafted on silica coated magnetite (Fe3O4) were prepared and characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, vibrating sample magnetometer, scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The prepared magnetic nanoparticles were then applied for physical adsorption or covalent attachment of Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) via glutaraldehyde or hexamethylene diisocyanate. The reusability, storage, pH and thermal stabilities of the immobilized enzymes compared to that of free lipase were examined. The obtained results showed that the immobilized lipase on MNPs@PEI-GLU was the best biocatalyst which retained 80% of its initial activity after 12 cycles of application. The immobilized lipase on the selected support (MNPs@PEI-GLU) was also applied for the synthesis of ethyl valerate. Following 24 h incubation of the immobilized lipase on the selected support in n-hexane and solvent free media, the esterification percentages were 72.9% and 28.9%, respectively.
- Published
- 2015
24. Synthesis of polyethyleneimine (PEI) andβ-cyclodextrin grafted PEI nanocomposites with magnetic cores for lipase immobilization and esterification
- Author
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Masoud Khalilvand-Sedagheh, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Ali Ramazani, Mehdi Khoobi, Hamid Forootanfar, and Zahra Asadgol
- Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis ,Immobilized enzyme ,General Chemical Engineering ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Inorganic Chemistry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Polymer chemistry ,Lipase ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Waste Management and Disposal ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Polyethylenimine ,Nanocomposite ,biology ,Cyclodextrin ,010405 organic chemistry ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,Grafting ,Pollution ,0104 chemical sciences ,Fuel Technology ,biology.protein ,0210 nano-technology ,Biotechnology ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
BACKGROUND Fabrication of nanocomposites with a magnetic core and their applications for enzyme immobilization has been introduced as an intresting trend during recent decades. The present study described the synthesis of polyethyleneimine (PEI) and β-cyclodextrin grafted PEI nanocomposites with magnetic cores and their applications for lipase immobilization. Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) were prepared by co-precipitation of Fe (III) and Fe (II) ions and then coated with polyethylenimine and/or hydroxyapatite/polyethylenimine, followed by grafting β-cyclodextrin onto the surface of the prepared nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were then characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, vibrating sample magnetometry, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy and consequently applied for the immobilization of lipase. RESULTS The results obtained for thermal and pH stability, reusability, and storage stability showed that the MNPs@hydroxyapatite/polyethylenimine/β-cyclodextrin was the best nanocomposite for lipase immobilization. Application of the immobilized lipase onto the selected nanocomposite for the synthesis of ethyl valerate (green apple flavor) revealed esterification rates of 79% and 62% in n-hexane and dimethyl sulfoxide, respectively, after 24 h incubation. CONCLUSION The results obtained demonstrate good stability, reusability, and potential application of immobilized lipase on magnetic nanocomposite of MNPs@hydroxyapatite/polyethylenimine/β-cyclodextrin for synthesis of ethyl valerate especially in organic medium. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry
- Published
- 2014
25. Synthesis of functionalized polyethylenimine-grafted mesoporous silica spheres and the effect of side arms on lipase immobilization and application
- Author
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Abbas Shafiee, Mehdi Khoobi, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Zahra Asadgol, Hamid Forootanfar, and Seyed Farshad Motevalizadeh
- Subjects
Polyethylenimine ,Environmental Engineering ,biology ,Immobilized enzyme ,Biomedical Engineering ,Bioengineering ,Mesoporous silica ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Organic chemistry ,Hexamethylene diisocyanate ,Glutaraldehyde ,Lipase ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Mesoporous material ,Biotechnology ,Nuclear chemistry - Abstract
In the present study, silicate mesoporous materials (MCM-41), MCM-41-grafted polyethylenimine (MCM-41@PEI), and succinated PEI containing amine, amide, and acid groups were successfully synthesized and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) was then immobilized onto MCM-41 and polymer-grafted MCM-41 by physical adsorption. Besides, for enzyme immobilization via covalent bonding, glutaraldehyde (GLU), and hexamethylene diisocyanate (HMDI) were used as the bridges for binding the enzyme to supports. The best result was obtained with the immobilized lipase on MCM-41@PEI-GLU. In the study of the enzyme reusability, it was shown that about 83% of the initial activity could be retained after 12 cycles of uses. The immobilized lipase on the selected support was also applied for the synthesis of ethyl valerate. Following 24 h incubation in n -hexane and solvent free media, the esterification percentages were 79% and 67%, respectively.
- Published
- 2014
26. Polyacrolein/mesoporous silica nanocomposite: Synthesis, thermal stability and covalent lipase immobilization
- Author
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Seyed Farshad Motevalizadeh, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Zahra Asadgol, Abbas Shafiee, Meisam Shabanian, and Mehdi Khoobi
- Subjects
Thermogravimetric analysis ,Nanocomposite ,Materials science ,Emulsion polymerization ,Mesoporous silica ,Condensed Matter Physics ,Tetraethyl orthosilicate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Dynamic light scattering ,Chemical engineering ,Polymer chemistry ,General Materials Science ,Thermal stability ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - Abstract
In this work, new polyacrolein/MCM-41 nanocomposites with good phase mixing behavior were prepared through an emulsion polymerization technique. Mesoporous silica was synthesized by in situ assembly of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and cetyl trimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB). The structure and properties of polyacrolein containing nanosized MCM-41 particle (5 and 10 wt%), were investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction, Dynamic light scattering (DLS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), N 2 adsorption techniques, and thermogravimetric (TGA) analyses. The SEM images from the final powder have revealed good dispersion of the MCM-41 nanoparticles throughout polymeric matrix with no distinct voids between two phases. The results indicated that the thermal properties of the nanocomposite were enhanced by addition of MCM-41. Thermomyces lanuginosa lipase (TLL) was used as a model biocatalyst and successfully immobilized with polyacrolein and the nanocomposite via covalent bonds with the aldehyde groups. The activity between free enzyme, polyacrolein, and MCM-41 nanocomposite (10 wt%)-immobilized TLL was compared. The immobilized lipase with the nanocomposite shows better operational stability such as pH tolerance, thermal and storage stability. In addition, the immobilized lipase with the nanocomposite can be easily recovered and retained at 74% of its initial activity after 15 time reuses.
- Published
- 2013
27. Burden of Malaria in Iran, 1990-2010: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010
- Author
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Alireza, Badirzadeh, Shohreh, Naderimagham, Zahra, Asadgol, Yaser, Mokhayeri, Azin, Khosravi, Elham, Tohidnejad, Abbas, Vosoogh-Moghaddam, Ali, Khoshdel, Nazila, Rezaei, and Farzad, Kompani
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Adolescent ,Iran ,Middle Aged ,Health Surveys ,Global Burden of Disease ,Malaria ,Young Adult ,Child, Preschool ,Population Surveillance ,Humans ,Disabled Persons ,Female ,Quality-Adjusted Life Years ,Child ,Aged - Abstract
Malaria is a major public health challenge in tropical and semi-tropical countries in terms of high morbidity and mortality. The present study aimed to report the burden of malaria in Iran, extracted from the global burden of disease 2010 study (GBD 2010) covering the period 1990 to 2010, to compare these findings with similar results, and to present some recommendations as potential solutions for gaining more accurate estimations regarding the burden of the disease in Iran.Data covering the period from 1990 to 2010 were derived from the GBD 2010, which is published by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). The findings were used to estimate the years lived with disability (YLDs), the years of life lost (YLLs), the disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and the death rate of malaria in Iran.The GBD 2010 estimated that there was a sharp declining death trend with regard to DALYs and death rate, showing that 4,647.63 DALYs were due to malaria in Iranian people of all ages and both genders, and that DALYs per 100,000 individuals declined from 37.15 in 1990 to 5.87 in 2010. The total number of malaria deaths over the 20 years was 73.37.The findings revealed that the burden of malaria decreased remarkably between 1990 and 2010. The explanation for this decrease is the establishment of a malaria surveillance system in various parts of Iran, and utilization of proper intervention and the improvement of infrastructures, which play a role in disease transmission, especially in endemic areas.
- Published
- 2016
28. Assessment of sediment quality based on acid-volatile sulfide and simultaneously extracted metals in heavily industrialized area of Asaluyeh, Persian Gulf: concentrations, spatial distributions, and sediment bioavailability/toxicity
- Author
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Zahra Asadgol, Sina Dobaradaran, Mozhgan Keshtkar, Afshin Ostovar, Hossein Arfaeinia, Ehsan Abuee, and Iraj Nabipour
- Subjects
Geologic Sediments ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Sulfide ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Biological Availability ,010501 environmental sciences ,Sulfides ,01 natural sciences ,Spatio-Temporal Analysis ,Metals, Heavy ,Spring (hydrology) ,Environmental Chemistry ,Ecotoxicology ,Industry ,Indian Ocean ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Hydrology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,geography ,Volatilisation ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,Urbanization ,Sediment ,General Medicine ,Pollution ,Bioavailability ,chemistry ,Environmental chemistry ,Toxicity ,Environmental science ,Seasons ,Volatilization ,Acids ,Water Pollutants, Chemical ,Environmental Monitoring - Abstract
Sediment samples from the coastal area of Asaluyeh harbor were collected during autumn and spring 2015. The acid-volatile sulfide (AVS) and simultaneously extracted metals (SEMs) were measured to assess the sediment quality and potential ecological risks. The average concentrations (and relative standard deviation (RSD)) of AVS in the industrial sediments were 12.32 μmol/g (36.91) and 6.34 μmol/g (80.05) in autumn and spring, respectively, while in the urban area, these values were 0.44 μmol/g (123.50) and 0.31 μmol/g (160.0) in autumn and spring, respectively. The average concentrations of SEM (and RSD) in the industrial sediments were 15.02 μmol/g (14.38) and 12.34 μmol/g (20.65) in autumn and spring, respectively, while in the urban area, these values were 1.10 μmol/g (43.03) and 1.06 μmol/g (55.59) in autumn and spring, respectively. Zn was the predominant component (34.25–86.24 %) of SEM, while the corresponding value for Cd, much more toxic ingredient, was less than 1 %. Some of the coastal sediments in the harbor of Asaluyeh (20 and 47 % in autumn and spring, respectively) had expected adverse biological effects based on the suggested criterion by United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), while most stations (80 and 53 % in autumn and spring, respectively) had uncertain adverse effects.
- Published
- 2015
29. Removal of phenol and bisphenol-A catalyzed by laccase in aqueous solution
- Author
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Amir Hossein Mahvi, Mohammad Ali Faramarzi, Hamid Forootanfar, Shahla Rezaei, and Zahra Asadgol
- Subjects
Bisphenol A ,endocrine system ,Environmental Engineering ,Bisphenol ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Pollutant ,Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Phenol ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water Science and Technology ,Laccase ,Aqueous solution ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Paraconiothyrium variabile ,Pollution ,Endocrine disruptor ,Chemical engineering ,chemistry ,Environmental science ,Removal ,Nuclear chemistry ,Research Article - Abstract
Background Elimination of hazardous phenolic compounds using laccases has gained attention during recent decades. The present study was designed to evaluate the ability of the purified laccase from Paraconiothyrium variabile (Pv L) for elimination of phenol and the endocrine disrupting chemical bisphenol A. Effect of laccase activity, pH, and temperature on the enzymatic removal of the mentioned pollutants were also investigated. Results After 30 min treatment of the applied phenolic pollutants in the presence of Pv L (5 U/mL), 80% of phenol and 59.7% of bisphenol A was removed. Increasing of laccase activity enhanced the removal percentage of both pollutants. The acidic pH of 5 was found to be the best pH for elimination of both phenol and bisphenol A. Increasing of reaction temperature up to 50°C enhanced the removal percentage of phenol and bisphenol A to 96.3% and 88.3%, respectively. Conclusions To sum up, the present work introduced the purified laccase of P. variabile as an efficient biocatalyst for removal of one of the most hazardous endocrine disruptor bisphenol A.
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