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1. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis Prevalence and Clinical Overview: A Single Center Study from Saudi Arabia, Eastern Region, Al-Ahsa

Author

Mahdi Al-Dhafiri, Abdulmohsen Alhajri, Zahraa Ali Alwayel, Jasmine Ahmed Alturaiki, Shaima Ali Bu Izran, Fatimah Ahmed Alhammad, and Ryhana Mohammed Aljumaiah

Subjects
cutaneous leishmaniasis, endemic, Al-Ahsa, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, PCR, Medicine
Abstract

Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a vector-borne parasitic disease that is transmitted via the bites of infected female sandflies. CL has been endemic in several countries worldwide for many decades, and numerous cases have been reported in Saudi Arabia, particularly across six regions; one of which is AL-Ahsa. Our research aimed to evaluate the epidemiological situation of CL among the patients in Al-Ahsa, Eastern region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, during the period from 2017 to 2023. The data were collected from the patients’ registries and included 245 patients who were diagnosed with CL in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia. Fewer than half of the cases (47.8%) were Saudi patients, with a significant number of them being males (84.5%). Over half of the cases (52.7%) were aged between 21 and 40 years, and about three-quarters (74.7%) of the cases resided in rural areas. Regarding the nature of the lesions, 38.4% of the cases had one lesion, which was mainly distributed on a lower extremity (62.0%) or an upper extremity (52.2%). A high percentage of the lesions (75.2%) were wet lesions and caused by L. major. Concerning risk factors, a greater number of patients (71.4%) had been in rural areas within the last three months. Additionally, more than half of the cases (54.3%) had close contact with rodents, followed by birds (28.2%), sheep (22.0%), dogs (16.3%), and other animals (1.2%). The results showed a low number of reported CL cases in 2020 and 2021, followed by a surge in 2022 and 2023. The study shows that cutaneous leishmaniasis is still a public health problem in Al-Ahsa and is primarily associated with rural areas.

Published
2023
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2. Efficacy and Best Mode of Delivery for Tranexamic Acid in Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation: A Systematic Review

Author

Sahar Hasan Alsharif, Asail Saeed Alghamdi, Zahraa Ali Alwayel, Saeed Nasser Alaklabi, Nawras Ali Alyamani, Mohamad Abdulwahab Sabsabee, Dunya Ali Abdulathem Bu izran, and Abdulmajeed M Alajlan

Subjects
Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dermatology, Dermatology
Abstract

Sahar Hasan Alsharif,1 Asail Saeed Alghamdi,2 Zahraa Ali Alwayel,3 Saeed Nasser Alaklabi,4 Nawras Ali Alyamani,5 Mohamad Abdulwahab Sabsabee,6 Dunya Ali Abdulathem Bu izran,3 Abdulmajeed M Alajlan1 1Department of Dermatology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Medicine, Albaha University, Albaha, Saudi Arabia; 3Department of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al Ahsaa, Saudi Arabia; 4Department of Medicine, Bisha University, Bisha, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Medicine, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Medicine, Sulaiman Al Rajhi University, Qassim, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Sahar Hasan Alsharif, Department of Dermatology, King Saud University, P.O. Box 24353, Riyadh, 11322, Saudi Arabia, Tel +00966555539141, Email S.H.Alsharif@hotmail.comBackground: Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) is skin hyperpigmentation that occurs due to any inflammatory condition. Triggering the melanocytes by inflammation leads to melanin overproduction and deposition. Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic medication prescribed to treat bleeding. Recently, there are some studies about the use of TXA in the treatment of PIH.Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the efficacy and the best mode of delivery for tranexamic acid in the treatment of PIH.Methods: This systematic review is reported in accordance with PRISMA guidance. We included all relevant English-language studies that were published up to September 2022 in the following electronic databases: Cochrane Library, PubMed, Embase, and Google Scholar. The initial search yielded 61 articles, 9 of which were included after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria.Results: The systematic review included a total of 196 patients who were over the age of 16 years old. Tranexamic acid was delivered orally in 4 studies, topically in 2 studies, and both simultaneously in 1 study. In addition, intradermal injection was used in 2 other studies. Almost all studies advocated the use of all routes for accelerating the clearance of hyperpigmentation with more favor towards topical and intradermal routes due to their mild reported side effects when compared to oral routes.Conclusion: Intradermal TXA is considered the best route, which exhibits fewer side effects with less cost and excellent outcomes, while oral TXA is found to be less preferable than other routes due to the incidence of undesirable adverse events.Keywords: tranexamic acid, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, TXA, PIH, efficacy

Published
2022

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