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4. A survey on the infestation levels of tropical bed bugs in Peninsular Malaysia: Current updates and status on resurgence of Cimex hemipterus (Hemiptera: Cimicidae)

Author

Ab Majid Abdul Hafiz, A. Abu Hassan, Abd Rahim Abd Hafis, and Zahran Zulaikha

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Microbiology (medical), lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Cimex hemipterus, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, Infestation level, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Toxicology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Bed bug, Infestation, Cimicidae, medicine, Tropical bed bug, Survey, biology, Ecology, business.industry, lcsh:R, Malaysia, Targeted sampling, Pest control, biology.organism_classification, Hemiptera, 010602 entomology, Infectious Diseases, business
Abstract

Objective To survey current bed bugs infestation status in 11 states and federal territory in Peninsular Malaysia. Methods Targeted sampling in the urban areas was performed and the sites in each state were selected based on foreign workers' abundance and reports from pest control professionals in Malaysia. The collected bed bugs were classified into different strains obtained at the respective sites. Results Out of all 185 surveyed sites, approximately 38 of them have been actively infested with one species, Cimex hemipterus (F.). A high number of collected bed bugs were found in the states of Perak (24.8%), Selangor (21.0%) and Kedah (16.1%). In terms of preferred harborages, bedding, crevices in walls and floors and cushion seats were common locations with 49.2% infestation. Bed bugs were dominantly found in dormitories of foreign workers (51.6%) compared to residential houses and public accommodations such as hotels and airports. Conclusions Migration activities and reused infested furniture probably were the possible reasons to bed bug resurgence.

Published
2016
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5. Susceptibility of Malaysian Tropical Bed Bug Cimex hemipterus (F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) Populations to Deltamethrin and Propoxur Insecticides.

Author

Zahran, Zulaikha and Majid, Abdul Hafiz Ab

Subjects
*FENITROTHION, *INSECTICIDE resistance, *BEDBUGS, *DELTAMETHRIN, *INSECTICIDES, *HEMIPTERA, *PEST control
Abstract

Bed bugs were collected across Peninsular Malaysia to investigate their resistance to two types of insecticide classes, pyrethroid and carbamate. In this study, commercially-available deltamethrin and propoxur were used to test the resistance status of tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus in Malaysia. Their resistance status was evaluated using insecticide-impregnated papers, a bioassay method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). Ten adult bed bugs in each population were placed inside the tubes with papers impregnated with 0.05% deltamethrin and 0.1% propoxur. At first, the bugs were exposed for 24 h, then, the exposure period was extended to 14 days. The bioassay was performed in triplicates. The highest resistance level was exhibited by the AR population with a lethal time value (LT50) of 466.119 h in the deltamethrin-containing tube. In contrast, propoxur was highly effective against the IP population due to its lethal time value (LT50 = 153.032 h) was the lowest. A significant difference (p < 0.005) was found between insecticide classes and bed bug populations. Mean mortality among AR, SW, HM, PY and PC populations showed a significant difference when exposed to deltamethrin. In conclusion, propoxur showed high efficacy in controlling bed bug populations. However, its efficacy was only at particular places. Meanwhile, a treatment using deltamethrin should be avoided by pest control professionals due to its low efficacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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6. Infestation Levels Of Tropical Bed Bug (Cimex Hemipterus F.) (Hemiptera: Cimicidae) In Peninsular Malaysia And Their Resistance To Conventional Insecticides And Entomopathogenic Fungi

Author

Zahran, Zulaikha and Zahran, Zulaikha

Abstract

Nowadays majority of pest control industries are having difficulties in battling bed bugs, specifically in workers’ dormitories and residential houses. Long-term treatment of many insecticides classes including chemical or non-chemical active ingredients are necessary at least three to four times for complete eradication. Here, a research is conducted to survey bed bug infestations across Peninsular Malaysia by collecting samples from residential houses, dormitories, hotels and motels and flats and apartments. The survey was carried out in 11 states; Pulau Pinang, Perlis, Perak, Kedah, Terengganu, Kelantan, Pahang, Selangor, Negeri Sembilan, Melaka, Johor and federal territory of Kuala Lumpur. Active bed bugs infestation was detected in 38 sites from the overall 181 surveyed sites.

Published
2016

7. Human skin reactions towards bites of tropical bed bug, Cimex hemipterus F. (Hemiptera: Cimicidae): A preliminary case study

Author

Abd Rahim, Abd Hafis, Zahran, Zulaikha, Ab Majid, Abdul Hafiz, Abd Rahim, Abd Hafis, Zahran, Zulaikha, and Ab Majid, Abdul Hafiz

Abstract

Objective: To observe the manifestation of skin reactions and determine the time for skin reactions from bites of tropical bed bug (Cimex hemipterus) to disappear on different body parts. Methods: Forearm, upper arm and shoulder were exposed to tropical bed bugs and the manifestations of skin reactions afterwards were observed up to 144 h. Results: Itches, wheals and lesions were recorded for the three body parts. Itches were felt for about 15 min for all body parts. The wheals were recorded up to an hour before it flattened, and lesions manifested right after that and lasted for several days. One individual of bed bug took the least time for the skin reaction to disappear while shoulder recorded the longest time for the skin reactions to disappear completely. Conclusions: Different body parts may produce different skin reactions and the time required for the skin reactions to disappear completely was also varied.

Published
2016

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