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Multidrug resistant bacteria are causing health problems and economic burden worldwide; alternative treatment options such as natural products and nanoparticles have attained great attention recently. Therefore, we aimed to determine the phytochemicals, antibacterial potential, and anticancer activity of W. unigemmata. Extracts in different organic and inorganic solvents were prepared, silver nanoparticles were prepared using the green synthesis method. Phytochemicals and antioxidant activity was determined spectrophotometry, anticancer potential was determined against gastric cancer and normal gastric epithelial cells using CCK8 and colony formation assays W. unigemmata was found to have a significant enrichment of various phytochemicals including flavonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, carotenoids, tannins, saponins, quinines, carbohydrates, phenols, coumarins and phlobatanins. Among them phenolics (5289.89 ± 112.67) had high enrichment followed by reducing sugar (851.53 ± 120.15), flavonoids (408.28 ± 20.26) and ascorbic acid (347.64 ± 16.32), respectively. The extracts prepared in organic solvents showed strong antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa (chloroform, 13.66±0.88, ethyl acetate, 8.66±4.33, methyl alcohol, 13.33±1.66, N-hexane, 12.33±0.88) and S. aureus (chloroform, 15±0.57, ethyl acetate, 16.33±0.33, methyl alcohol, 17.66±0.33 and N-hexane, 16.33±0.33). Aqueously prepared AgNPs showed remarkable activity against P. aeruginosa follwed by E. coli, 17.66 ± 1.85, S. aureus, 16.00 ± 1.73, K. pneumoniae, 14.33 ± 1.20, respectively. The ethanolic extracts (500 μg, 1000 μg, 2000 μg) of the W. unigemmata were found to have cytotoxicity against both gastric cancer (AGS and SGC7901) and normal cell lines (GES-1); a significant cellular proliferation arrest was observed. These results suggest that W. Unigemmata contains numerous bioactive phytochemicals and can be useful as a drug against MDR bacterial strains. These biomolecules covering AgNPs may enhance their biological activities, which can be employed in the treatment of various microbial infections.

The objective of the study was to extend shelf life of Vitis vinifera (L.) by the application of green synthesized Magnesium oxide nanoparticles. Aqueous leaf extract of Azadirachta indica A. juss. and various concentrations of 20 mM, 30 mM, and 40 mM solutions of Magnesium nitrate hexa hydrate salt, were used to synthesize nanoparticles of different size. The characterization of nanoparticles was done by SEM, XRD, and UV. The antimicrobial activity of MgO NPs was evaluated for Azospirilum brasilense and Trichoderma viride, representative of microbes responsible for V. vinifera fruits spoilage. Nanoparticles with crystal size of 28.60 nm has more pronounced effect against microbes. The Shelf life of the Vitis vinifera L. was evaluated by application of 28.60 nm MgO NPs through T1 (nanoparticles coated on packaging), T2 (nanoparticles coated directly on fruit) at 4 °C and 25 °C. T1 at 4 °C was effective to extend the shelf life of Vitis vinifera (L) for an average of 20 days.