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An experimental study of biodegradation of Shenmu coal was carried out by using Ochrobactrum cytisi, Novospingobium naphthalenivorans, Alcaligenes faecalis and Pseudomonas fluorescens. The micro-nano pore structure of coal samples before and after biodegradation was studied by low-temperature N2 adsorption. For biodegraded coal, the results showed that micropores and mesopores are primarily open pores with good connectivity, including parallel plate pores and cylinder pores with two open ends; the specific surface area of biodegraded coal decreased from 2.2174 m2/g to 1.6255˜2.0537 m2/g, and the pore size of the coal biodegraded by the four bacteria decreased following biodegradation from 250 nm to 170˜200 nm, which may be due to collapse of the coal structure due to the bacterial degradation. Coal biodegradation by the dominant bacterium P. fluorescens led to a diminished mesopore size and an increased number of smaller mesopores, with the smaller mesopores gradually taking on dominant roles.

Two efficient probes were presented for dual channel simultaneous distinguishing detection of ClO− and Cu2+. Strong color changes and fluorescent emissions driven by ClO− induce irreversible oxidat...

Adding surfactants is an effective method to improve the biodegradation rate of coal. In this study, the action modes of nonionic Triton X-100, anionic surfactant SDS and cationic surfactant DTAB on the biodegradation of Xinjiang Wudong low-rank coal by Pseudomonas aeruginosa were investigated. By measuring cell membrane permeability and cell surface hydrophobicity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, it was found that the permeability of cell membrane was enhanced under the action of Triton X-100, and reached the highest at 4 CMC, while SDS and DTAB inhibited the permeability of cell membrane. Cell surface hydrophobicity increased under the influence of Triton X-100, SDS and DTAB and reached a maximum at CMC. According to the effects of surfactants on the degradation rates of coal, it was shown that the improvement of cell membrane permeability could promote the degradation of coal, but the increase of cell surface hydrophobicity could inhibit the degradation of coal. When Triton X-100, SDS and DTAB were all at their optimal concentrations for the growths of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, the coal biodegradation rates reached 78.63 %, 55.93 % and 20.93 %, respectively. The adsorption experiment of bacteria on the coal surface and the low-temperature nitrogen adsorption experiment of coal presented that the improvement of permeability of cell membrane was the main factor for Triton X-100 to improve the coal degradation rate, even if it can slightly increase cell surface hydrophobicity. For SDS and DTAB, the decrease of cell membrane permeability and the increase of cell surface hydrophobicity are all not conducive to the biodegradation of coal.

A novel nitrogen doped and surface functionalized fluorescent CDs (T1) was synthesized by one-step and green hydrothermal method, which exhibits a satisfactory fluorescence quantum yield and a series of admirable features such as good aqueous solubility, narrow particle size distribution, resistance to photobleaching as well as excitation-dependent behavior. Benefitting from above merits, T1 can be employed to serve as an outstanding sensing platform for sensitive and accurate detection of ClO

Hierarchical self-assembly of discrete organoplatinum(II) metallacycles has attracted considerable attention. However, the exact assembly mechanism involving non-covalent interactions has limited the formation and application of self-assembly due to the dynamics of platinum metallacycles. Herein, we report the hierarchical self-assembly of a pyrene-based discrete organoplatinum(II) double-metallacycle that takes advantage of heteroligation-coordination-driven self-assembly and triflate anions' hydrogen bonding, which is extended into a 3-D supramolecular framework by the hydrogen-bonding interactions involving triflate anions. Furthermore, the assembled system displays tunable fluorescence emission and enhanced solid emission. The studies herein disclosed pave the way to prepare platinum(II) metallacycle-based supramolecular functional materials.

A new acylhydrazone (C12H12N4OS, HL) and its three transition metal complexes [M(HL)2](NO3)2 (M = Co, I; Cu, II; Zn, III) have been synthesized. The structures of above four compounds were determin...

Large amount of oil leakage and organic wastewater discharge have greatly harmed the natural environment and human health. Therefore, researchers urgently need an effective method to address this problem. Superwetting materials can provide people with a good way to solve the problem because of their special selective wettability. In this report, a kind of green, fluorine-free, durable and low-cost superhydrophobic magnetic sponge was prepared by Fe3O4 particles and stearic acid. It can be controlled by changing the magnetic field to avoid direct contact with toxic and harmful solvents by the operator. The prepared material can be soaked for 7 days under harsh conditions of an acid solution, an alkali solution and a salt solution, and still maintain superhydrophobic property. Moreover, it is loaded with a weight of 200 g for 80 cycles of extrusion deformation (the compressive strain is 75%), and then with superhydrophobic properties. The sponge can be used for the separation of oil–water mixtures and oil–water emulsion purification with a separation efficiency of over 90%. It is worth mentioning that crude oil emulsion can be separated and purified by this material. The magnetic superhydrophobic sponge is prepared by simple and easy-to-operate method, which can be prepared in large scale. These results provide useful avenue utilization for the sponge, demonstrating the potential applications for oil–water separation, sewage purification, emulsion purification and oil spill collection.

Carbon dots (CDs) synthesized from natural products received considerable attention due to their unique properties. In this work, CDs were synthesized using Luochuan Red Fuji apple peels as carbon source (Ap-CDs) by direct hydrothermal reaction, and were characterized by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Raman spectra, Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Ultraviolet and visible (UV-Vis) absorption spectra and Fluorescence (FL) spectroscopy. The effect of reaction temperature, reaction time and the amount of carbon source used on the fluorescent intensity of Ap-CDs was studied. Fluorescent properties measurement indicated that when irradiated by ultraviolet at the wavelength of 350[Formula: see text]nm, the Ap-CDs give out bright blue emitting at the maximum wavelength of 433[Formula: see text]nm with quantum yield of 9.43%. Meanwhile, it was found that the fluorescent intensity of Ap-CDs could be selectively quenched by Fe[Formula: see text] ions. The fluorescent quenching of Ap-CDs was linearly related to the concentration of Fe[Formula: see text] ion in the range of 0.05–300[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M with the detection limit of 1.56[Formula: see text][Formula: see text]M. Accordingly, the concentration of Fe[Formula: see text] ion in the tap water and pork liver samples were tried to be measured by the fluorescent quenching Ap-CDs.

The carbon nanomaterial based fluorescent probes have been widely applied in biological imaging. In the current research, we propose an interesting strategy for selective sensing of hypochlorite (ClO

2-acetylpyridine-4-chloropyridine-2‑carbonyl hydrazone (C

Novel six-coordinated octahedral Co(II) complex [C36H26Br2CoN7O5, 1] and Cr(III) complex [C36H26Br2CrN6O2, 2] were prepared by the chelation reaction of the ligand 4-methoxybenzaldehyde-6-bromo-2-naphthoyl acylhydrazone and 2-acetylpyridine with Co(NO3)2·6H2O or CrCl3·6H2O in ethanol, and it is interesting that the coordination organic group wasn't the original acylhydrazone. Based on X-ray single crystal diffraction technique, the structures of 1 and 2 were characterized, which revealed 1 belonged to monoclinic system and P21/n space group, whereas 2 belonged to triclinic system and P 1 ¯ space group. The apparent activation energies of the thermal decomposition of 1 and 2 showed 1 had far better thermal stability than 2. Both of 1 and 2 quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA through static processes, which suggested 1 and 2 could bind to BSA effectively and the non fluorescent ground state complexes were formed. UV–Vis spectra indicated each complex bound to ct-DNA by an intercalative mode. Microcalorimetry experiments illustrated the interactions of two complexes with BSA and ct-DNA were both spontaneous endothermic processes and the binding abilities of 1 with BSA and ct-DNA were greater than that of 2. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of each complex against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were all 50 μg·mL−1.

The biosolubilization experiments of Shenmu lignite were carried out by four kinds of bacteria, Ochrobactrum cytisi, Novospingobium naphthalenivorans, Alcaligenes faecalis, and Pseudomonas fluoresc...

Twelve-coordinated sulfate hydrogen bonding interactions in water-containing Fe(II) system, [Fe0.5(H2O)3]2SO4·H2O (1), are reported herein. The X-ray single-crystal structural characterization sugg...

8-Hydroxyquinoline-2-carbaldehyde-(4'-hydroxyphenylacetyl) hydrazine (HL) and Its complexes ([Cd(L)2·CH3CH2OH·8H2O] (1), [Cd(HL)2][CdCl4]·3CH3CH2OH·2H2O] (2) were synthesized from 8-hydroxyquinolin...

An experimental study of biodegradation of Shenmu coal was carried out by using

A salicylaldehyde-4-hydroxy phenyl acetyl acyl hydrazone (C15H14N2O3, HL) and its three complexes ([CuLPy]NO3 (1), [CuLCl(EtOH)] (2) and [CoL2]NO3·EtOH, (3)) were synthesized. The single crystal X-ray diffraction results of 1, 2 and 3 showed that the coordination atoms (N and O atoms) in the complexes exhibited four-coordinated pyramidal, five-coordinated and six-coordinated octahedral geometries centered on the metal ions, respectively. TG-DTG techniques illustrated that the maximum thermal decomposition peak temperatures of these compounds were all higher than 200 ℃, exhibiting strong thermal stabilities. All four compounds, HL, 1, 2 and 3, quenched the intrinsic fluorescence of BSA by means of static processes, as investigated by fluorescence spectra, which suggested that these compounds could effectively combine with BSA to form non-fluorescent ground state complexes. The UV–vis spectra showed that HL, 1, 2 and 3 effectively combined with CT-DNA through intercalative modes. Microcalorimetry tests indicated that the interaction processes of HL, 1 and 2 with BSA and CT-DNA were all spontaneously exothermic and entropy reducing, and each of the interaction durations was within 50 min. The interactions of the four compounds with BSA and CTDNA were also simulated by the molecular docking method, showing that the four compounds had hydrogen bonds and hydrophobic interactions with BSA and CT-DNA. The antibacterial activities of HL, 1, 2 and 3 against S. aureus, P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis and E. coli were determined, revealing that 1 and 2 exhibit stronger inhibition activities against P. aeruginosa than gentamicin sulfate. Complexes 1 and 2 are potential alternative drugs to gentamicin sulfate in the future.

The manganese chelate complex with MHA-H (the anion derived from the so-called methionine hydroxy-analogue, MHA) has been synthesized and characterized. The single-crystal structure (C10H18MnO6S2, ...

A rhodamine based 2-aminobenzoxazole functionalized probe was presented for reversible detection of Fe3+ driven by the coordination of Fe3+ to 2-aminobenzoxazole that resulted in strong fluorescence emission and color change. Fluorescent imaging in living L929 and MG-63 cells offered a promising candidate for mapping Fe3+ in biological samples.

A series of novel and convenient fluorescent probes with unique acylhydrazone Schiff base functional moiety were designed and presented for sensing HClO in biological and environmental water samples with outstanding sensitivity, photostability and selectivity over other ROS/RNS, ions and biomolecules, through the irreversible HClO-promoted oxidation and hydrolyzation reaction in formation of the ring-opened product, fluorescein. The successful detection of HClO in swimming pool water and tap water samples, as well as cell imaging in living L929 and MG-63 cells, indicates that the probes not only help in the determination of the HClO concentration in practical water samples, but also serve as promising tools to exploit and elucidate the functions of HClO in biological cells, organisms and processes.

Two mononuclear complexes [Co(HL)L]NO3 (1) and [Cu(HL)2](NO3)2 (2)were synthesized from the reaction of 2-acetylpyridine-4-hydroxy phenylacetyl acylhydrazone (HL) with copper/cobalt nitrate hydrate. The single-crystal XRD results revealed the central Co and Cu ions in two complexes are both six-coordinated showing a distorted octahedral geometry. Thermal stabilities of 1, 2 and HL were explored by thermogravimetry (TG) and the apparent activation energy (Ea) followed the order 2 > 1 > HL. The interactions of 1, 2, HL with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) and bovine serum albumin (BSA) were investigated through UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, microcalorimetry and molecular docking approach. From UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence spectroscopy results, it is shown that 1, 2 and HL can bind with CT-DNA by intercalation mode and quench the fluorescence of BSA through static process. The binding constants Kib of three compounds toward CT-DNA/BSA followed the order: 1 > 2 > HL. Thermogenic curves of three compounds interacting with CT-DNA and BSA were measured by microcalorimetry. The calculated enthalpies, entropies and Gibbs' free energy change (ΔH > 0, ΔS > 0, ΔG

A novel Cu(II) complex [Cu2L2(NO3)2] with 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde-(4’hydroxy)phenylacetyl hydrazone (C19H14N2O2·H2O, HL) was synthesized. The structure of [Cu2L2(NO3)2] was characterized by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and can be described as a distorted rectangular pyramid with binuclear coordination. IR, UV–vis and EPR spectra are used to discuss the structure of Cu(II) complex in different conditions. Magnetic properties were determined by EPR spectra and magnetic susceptibility studies, showing magnetic exchange interaction and weak antiferromagnetic exchange between two Cu(II) ions. The apparent activation energy (Ea) of thermal decomposition of compounds indicated that the thermal stability of [Cu2L2(NO3)2] is better than HL. The CT-DNA binding behavior of compounds was determined by UV–vis absorption and viscosity measurements and the results confirmed an intercalative binding mode with CT-DNA. Kb obtained was 6.24(±0.12) × 106 M−1 and 3.09(±0.006) × 106 M−1 for [Cu2L2(NO3)2] and HL, respectively, revealing that the binding ability of [Cu2L2(NO3)2] with CT-DNA was stronger. The thermogenic curves of compounds interacting with CT-DNA were monitored by microcalorimetry, showing they were all endothermic reactions with reaction within 27–42 min; interaction enthalpies (ΔH) of [Cu2L2(NO3)2] and HL were 30.3 and 4.31 kJ mol−1. Binding studies with BSA were evaluated by fluorescence spectroscopy and the same relative interactions were found comparing with the above CT-DNA experiments.

Three new acyl hydrazone compounds C12H12N4O3 (I), C12H14N4O4 (II) and C16H16N4O3 (III) are synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal structural analyses show that the three compounds crystallize in the monoclinic crystal lattice. Their thermal decomposition processes under nitrogen and air are studied by TG-DTG, the sequence of the thermostability for three compounds at each condition is the same: III > I > II. The interaction modes of the three compounds with CT-DNA are investigated by UV–Vis absorption, showing hyperchromic and hypochromic effects. The thermogenic curves of the three compounds reacting with CT-DNA are measured by microcalorimetry, indicating that they are all endothermic reaction and the reaction times are within 10–30 min.

Four heteroditopic macrocyclic ligands incorporating both anion coordination sites (tris-urea units) and a cation binding fragment (polyether) were designed for possible application in molecular devices. Sandwich-type phosphate complexes were formed, which display a reversible rotation around the anion upon protonation/deprotonation of phosphate and binding of the cation (Emim(+)).

Two zinc(II) complexes of a urea-functionalized pyridyl ligand, [Zn(SO4)L3]·CH3OH ( 1 ) and {[Zn(μ2-SO4)L2]·0.5CH3OH}n ( 2 ) (L = N-(1-naphthyl)-N′-(3-pyridyl)urea), have been synthesized by the reaction of L with ZnSO4·7H2O under different conditions. Complex 1 is a hydrogen-bonded 2D grid structure in which the sulfate anion not only coordinates to the ZnII ion as a monodentate ligand but also forms multiple hydrogen bonds with the urea groups of adjacent molecules. In complex 2 the sulfate ion serves as a μ2-bridging ligand, connecting the ZnII ions to form an infinite 1D organic–inorganic hybrid framework. Meanwhile, the sulfate anion is also bound by neighboring ligands through hydrogen bonds between urea groups and the non-coordinated oxygen atoms. The solid-state emission spectra of 1 and 2 show a red shift of the fluorescence emission of ligand L.

A flexible bis(pyridylcarbamate) receptor, 3-pyridyl-carbamic-acid-oxydi-1,2-ethanediylester (L2) and the anion complexes (1–3) of the doubly protonated ligand ([L2H2]2+) with Cl , S and Cl− are reported. The binding modes of [L2H2]2+ with the anions in 1–3 in the solid state are established by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Compounds 1 and 3 feature intriguing anionic polymer fashions. In compound 1, two zigzag perchlorate–water chains are encapsulated in the 1D channel constructed by 2+2 (2[L2H2]2++2Cl ) hydrogen-bonded macrocycles, while in 3 the chloride ions are trapped on the wall of the hydrogen-bonded 1D channel formed by two U-shaped ligands. For compound 2, the packing diagram displays a corrugated layer structure, with the sulphate ions and the water molecules located between the layers. Receptor L2 crystallises with perchlorate from the acid mixture HClO4, H2SO4 and HCl.

N-Tosyl-2,6-diisopropyl-4-(2,3-dimethoxylbenzoylamide)aniline (1) has been synthesized and its metal ion (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) coordinating properties investigated by FT-IR, ESI-MS, and 1H NMR methods. Among the tested metal ions, the overall stability constant (log K) for Mg2+ (6.89) is the highest (Na+, 5.64; K+, 5.43; Ca2+, 5.51) in 10% water/THF at 25.0 ± 0.5 °C determined by UV–vis spectroscopy, indicating that 1 is a potent ionophore for Mg2+ ion.

A series of group 12 metal complexes, [ZnCl2L2]·H2O (1), [ZnBr2L2]·0.75EtOH (2a), [ZnBr2L2]·0.8H2O (2b), [ZnI2L2] (3), [HgCl2L2] (4), [HgBr2L2] (5), and [HgI2L] (6), have been synthesized from a naphthyl-substituted pyridylurea ligand N-(1-naphthyl)-N′-(3-pyridyl)urea (L) and zinc(II) or mercury(II) halides. In the zinc(II) dichloro complex, 1, the chloride ions participate not only in metal coordination but also in N–H⋯Cl hydrogen bonding with the urea NH groups, giving an overall layered structure. In contrast, the coordinated bromide and iodide anions in 2 and 3 are not involved in hydrogen bonding; instead, the urea groups undergo self-association to form nano-tubular structures with various pore sizes stacked by the semi-macrocyclic [ZnX2L2] synthons. Most interestingly, although different solvent molecules [EtOH (2a) and H2O (2b)] can be encapsulated in the nano-tubular zinc dibromo complexes, a competitive experiment conducted in the EtOH/H2O mixed solvents showed that the nanotube can selectively capture the EtOH molecule, as confirmed by X-ray single-crystal diffraction and solid-state fluorescence studies. With the tetrahedral mercury(II) ion, complexes 4 and 5 are isomorphous 2D sheet structures held by N–H⋯O hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions. The 2D sheets are further linked by C–H⋯Cl/Br weak interactions into a hydrogen-bonded 3D framework. Notably, compound 6 contains an uncommon trigonal-planar HgII center and forms a 1D chain structure via the typical urea⋯urea hydrogen bonding and π–π stacking interactions of L, which further aggregates to a 2D parallelogram grid framework through C–H⋯I weak interactions. The solid-state fluorescent properties of L and the complexes 1–6 have also been investigated at room temperature.

A sulfate-encapsulating complex, [Cu(1)L(6)]·3[Cu(2)L(2)(DMF)(4)](SO(4))(4) (1, L = N-(1-naphthyl)-N'-(3-pyridyl)urea) is synthesized in which two C(3)-clefts of the octahedral complexes interdigitate to form a cavity to encapsulate the sulfate ion by six urea groups.

A fully complementary tris(urea) receptor for phosphate and sulfate anions has been developed by mimicking the scaffold of terpyridine which shows very high affinities and selectivities toward the tetrahedral anions.

Anion complexation of a flexible bis(pyridylcarbamate) receptor, 3-pyridinyl-carbamic-acid-1,2-ethanediylester (L), is reported. Upon addition of a series of inorganic acids (H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4, HCl and HBr), the ligand L can be doubly protonated and bind the anions through hydrogen bonding interactions, affording the adducts 1–5. The binding modes of the protonated ligand ([LH2]2+) with anions in 1–5 in the solid state are established by X-ray single crystal diffraction. Of particular interest is that the three oxoanion complexes (1–3) feature intriguing anionic polymer fashions, such as the novel double-stranded dihydrogen phosphate chain in 1, the infinite [-sulfate-(H2O)2-]n chain in 2, and hydrogen-bridged helical perchlorate chain in 3. For complexes 4 and 5, the packing diagram displays a layered structure with the halide anions located between the adjacent cationic arrays. Receptor L can selectively crystallize with the sulfate anion from the acid mixture H3PO4, H2SO4, HClO4, HCl and HBr.