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3. Comparing net zero pathways across the Atlantic A model inter-comparison exercise between the Energy Modeling Forum 37 and the European Climate and Energy Modeling Forum

Author

Sarmiento, Luis, Emmerling, Johannes, Pietzcker, Robert, Daioglou, Vassilis, Dalla Longa, Francesco, Dekker, Mark M., Drouet, Laurent, Fattahi, Amir, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Henke, Hauke T. J., Fricko, Oliver, Göke, Leonard, Krey, Volker, Lochner, Ellie, Luderer, Gunnar, Macaluso, Nick, O'Keefe, Kowan T. V., Kennedy, Kathleen M., Iyer, Gokul, Rodrigues, Renato, Stewart, Eric, Usher, William, van der Zwaan, Bob, van Vuuren, Detlef, Zisarou, Eleftheria, and Zakeri, Behnam

Published
2024
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4. Identifying energy model fingerprints in mitigation scenarios

Author

Dekker, Mark M., Daioglou, Vassilis, Pietzcker, Robert, Rodrigues, Renato, de Boer, Harmen-Sytze, Dalla Longa, Francesco, Drouet, Laurent, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Fotiou, Theofano, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Fricko, Oliver, Gusheva, Ema, Harmsen, Mathijs, Huppmann, Daniel, Kannavou, Maria, Krey, Volker, Lombardi, Francesco, Luderer, Gunnar, Pfenninger, Stefan, Tsiropoulos, Ioannis, Zakeri, Behnam, van der Zwaan, Bob, Usher, Will, and van Vuuren, Detlef

Published
2023
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15. Coupling energy system models with multi-regional input-output models based on the make and use framework – insights from MESSAGEix and EXIOBASE.

Author

Budzinski, Maik, Wood, Richard, Zakeri, Behnam, Krey, Volker, and Strømman, Anders Hammer

Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation, CLIMATE change models, DATABASES, MANUSCRIPTS
Abstract

Technology-rich integrated assessment models (IAMs) provide high resolution of the energy-related climate impacts, when exploring prospective climate change mitigation strategies. However, energy system models (ESMs), the core of integrated assessment models, usually ignore industrial linkages other than those related to energy. Furthermore, these models focus on climate change and neglect other environmental pressures. In this manuscript we present an approach for coupling ESMs with multiregional input–output models (MRIOs) based on the Make and Use framework. The main advantage of using the Make and Use framework can be seen in improving both models simultaneously. An exemplary case study is carried out for the energy system model of MESSAGEix and the multi-regional input–output database of EXIOBASE. We further elaborate on the methodology to illustrate the usefulness but also challenges of this approach. Finally, we identify further steps to be carried out toward systematic prospective analyzes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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18. Cost and attainability of meeting stringent climate targets without overshoot

Author

Riahi, Keywan, Bertram, Christoph, Huppmann, Daniel, Rogelj, Joeri, Bosetti, Valentina, Cabardos, Anique-Marie, Deppermann, Andre, Drouet, Laurent, Frank, Stefan, Fricko, Oliver, Fujimori, Shinichiro, Harmsen, Mathijs, Hasegawa, Tomoko, Krey, Volker, Luderer, Gunnar, Paroussos, Leonidas, Schaeffer, Roberto, Weitzel, Matthias, van der Zwaan, Bob, Vrontisi, Zoi, Longa, Francesco Dalla, Després, Jacques, Fosse, Florian, Fragkiadakis, Kostas, Gusti, Mykola, Humpenöder, Florian, Keramidas, Kimon, Kishimoto, Paul, Kriegler, Elmar, Meinshausen, Malte, Nogueira, Larissa P., Oshiro, Ken, Popp, Alexander, Rochedo, Pedro R. R., Ünlü, Gamze, van Ruijven, Bas, Takakura, Junya, Tavoni, Massimo, van Vuuren, Detlef, and Zakeri, Behnam

Published
2021
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19. Net zero-emission pathways reduce the physical and economic risks of climate change

Author

Drouet, Laurent, Bosetti, Valentina, Padoan, Simone A., Aleluia Reis, Lara, Bertram, Christoph, Dalla Longa, Francesco, Després, Jacques, Emmerling, Johannes, Fosse, Florian, Fragkiadakis, Kostas, Frank, Stefan, Fricko, Oliver, Fujimori, Shinichiro, Harmsen, Mathijs, Krey, Volker, Oshiro, Ken, Nogueira, Larissa P., Paroussos, Leonidas, Piontek, Franziska, Riahi, Keywan, Rochedo, Pedro R. R., Schaeffer, Roberto, Takakura, Jun’ya, van der Wijst, Kaj-Ivar, van der Zwaan, Bob, van Vuuren, Detlef, Vrontisi, Zoi, Weitzel, Matthias, Zakeri, Behnam, and Tavoni, Massimo

Published
2021
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29. List of contributors

Author

Akbarzadeh, Aliakbar, primary, Albert, Max, additional, Apps, Ruth, additional, Baldwin, Christopher, additional, Bao, Huashan, additional, Bauer, Stephan, additional, Bawahab, Mohammed, additional, Böhm, Hans, additional, Bouffaron, Pierrick, additional, Brandão, Roberto, additional, Burfeind, Jens, additional, Carvalho, Priscila, additional, Castagneto Gissey, Giorgio, additional, Chen, Haisheng, additional, Chisholm, Greig, additional, Cortina, José Luis, additional, Cronin, Leroy, additional, Crotogino, Fritz, additional, Cruickshank, Cynthia Ann, additional, Date, Abhijit, additional, Desgrosseilliers, Louis, additional, Ding, Yulong, additional, Dodds, Paul E., additional, Doetsch, Christian, additional, Donadei, Sabine, additional, Escombe, Frank, additional, Faqeha, Hosam, additional, Fraenkel, Peter, additional, Franklin, Miles, additional, Garvey, Seamus D., additional, Geyer, Michael, additional, Greenwood, David M., additional, Groulx, Dominic, additional, He, Fengjuan, additional, Hu, Shan, additional, Hunt, Julian David, additional, Jiang, Qiu, additional, Kahwaji, Samer, additional, Kanyolo, Godwill Mbiti, additional, Kurra, Narendra, additional, Letcher, Trevor M., additional, Li, Ruixiong, additional, Li, Yongliang, additional, Li, Yuyu, additional, Li, Zhen, additional, Liu, Chang, additional, Lux, Stephan, additional, Lv, Xiaojing, additional, Ma, Zhiwei, additional, Majumder, Mainak, additional, Masese, Titus, additional, Muñoz Vaca, Stalin, additional, Nascimento, Andreas, additional, Noël, John A., additional, Patsios, Charalampos, additional, Pimm, Andrew, additional, Prieto, Cristina, additional, Pullen, Keith R., additional, Roskilly, Anthony Paul, additional, Schneider, Gregor-Sönke, additional, Serrão, André, additional, Shaibani, Mahdokht, additional, Spataru, Catalina, additional, Sweetnam, Trevor, additional, Taylor, Philip C., additional, Tichler, Robert, additional, Tong, Lige, additional, Valderrama, César, additional, Vetter, Matthias, additional, Wade, Neal S., additional, Wang, Huanran, additional, Wang, Li, additional, White, Mary Anne, additional, Wu, Jingyi, additional, Xi, Guang, additional, Xu, Yujie, additional, Yao, Erren, additional, Yendell, Chris, additional, Zakeri, Behnam, additional, Zhao, Tingting, additional, and Zou, Hansen, additional

Published
2022
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30. Digitalization for Resilient and Sustainable Energy Transitions.

Author

Zakeri, Behnam

Subjects
*CONVOLUTIONAL neural networks, *PETROLEUM, *ENERGY consumption, *CLIMATE change adaptation, *SUSTAINABILITY, *PUBLIC spaces
Abstract

The document "Digitalization for Resilient and Sustainable Energy Transitions" discusses the impact of the global energy crisis on the energy sector, particularly due to the COVID-19 pandemic. It highlights challenges such as disruptions in green energy technology supply chains, energy price hikes, and energy security issues in regions like Europe. The document emphasizes the role of digitalization in enabling decentralized and renewable-based energy systems as a key theme for a resilient, sustainable, and equitable energy transition. Additionally, it explores the use of artificial intelligence (AI) for energy security and the importance of decentralized energy systems in advancing renewable energy solutions. [Extracted from the article]

Published
2024
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33. Comparing energy system optimization models and integrated assessment models: Relevance for energy policy advice

Author

Henke, Hauke, Dekker, Mark, Lombardi, Francesco, Pietzcker, Robert, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Zakeri, Behnam, Rodrigues, Renato, Sitarz, Joanna, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Dalla Longa, Francesco, Tatarewicz, Igor, Fotiou, Theofano, Lewarski, Michał, Huppmann, Daniel, Kavvadias, Kostas, van der Zwaan, Bob, Usher, Will, Henke, Hauke, Dekker, Mark, Lombardi, Francesco, Pietzcker, Robert, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Zakeri, Behnam, Rodrigues, Renato, Sitarz, Joanna, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Dalla Longa, Francesco, Tatarewicz, Igor, Fotiou, Theofano, Lewarski, Michał, Huppmann, Daniel, Kavvadias, Kostas, van der Zwaan, Bob, and Usher, Will

Abstract

Background: The transition to a climate neutral society such as that envisaged in the European Union Green Deal requires careful and comprehensive planning. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) and energy system optimisation models (ESOMs) are both commonly used for policy advice and in the process of policy design. In Europe, a vast landscape of these models has emerged and both kinds of models have been part of numerous model comparison and model linking exercises. However, IAMs and ESOMs have rarely been compared or linked with one another. Methods: This study conducts an explorative comparison and identifies possible flows of information between 11 of the integrated assessment and energy system models in the European Climate and Energy Modelling Forum. The study identifies and compares regional aggregations and commonly reported variables. We define harmonised regions and a subset of shared result variables that enable the comparison of scenario results across the models. Results: The results highlight how power generation and demand development are related and driven by regional and sectoral drivers. They also show that demand developments like for hydrogen can be linked with power generation potentials such as onshore wind power. Lastly, the results show that the role of nuclear power is related to the availability of wind resources. Conclusions: This comparison and analysis of modelling results across model type boundaries provides modellers and policymakers with a better understanding of how to interpret both IAM and ESOM results. It also highlights the need for community standards for region definitions and information about reported variables to facilitate future comparisons of this kind. The comparison shows that regional aggregations might conceal differences within regions that are potentially of interest for national policy makers thereby indicating a need for national-level analysis.

Published
2024

36. IrMaSet: Intelligent Weather Forecaster System for Hyperlocal Renewable Energies

Author

Zaidan, Martha Arbayani, Motlagh, Naser Hossein, Zakeri, Behnam, Petaja, Tuukka, Kulmala, Markku, and Tarkoma, Sasu

Abstract

Weather forecasting plays a vital role in estimating energy generation from variable renewable energy sources (VRES). Current weather forecast methods for estimating energy from VRES are typically at a scale of a few kilometers, which is not the fine spatial resolution needed for distributed energy planning. In this article, we propose IrMaSet (an intelligent weather forecaster system) that integrates weather data obtained from existing massive sensing infrastructure and processes data using state-of-the-art communication and computational technologies. IrMaSet generates hyper-local real-time weather and forecast information and enables accurate estimation of the amount of electricity to be generated by VRES, resulting in the optimal management of microgrid energy systems. We present challenges and possible solutions for deploying IrMaSet and demonstrate the feasibility of IrMaSet in saving energy, and reducing costs and carbon emissions, using meteorological data including wind and solar radiation from eleven official monitoring stations in greater Helsinki, Finland.

Published
2024
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43. The mutual benefits of comparing energy system models and integrated assessment models

Author

Henke, Hauke, Dekker, Mark, Lombardi, Francesco, Pietzcker, Robert, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Zakeri, Behnam, Rodrigues, Renato, Sitarz, Joanna, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Longa, Francesco Dalla, Tatarewicz, Igor, Fotiou, Theofano, Lewarski, Michał, Huppmann, Daniel, Kavvadias, Kostas, Zwaan, Bob van der, Usher, Will, Henke, Hauke, Dekker, Mark, Lombardi, Francesco, Pietzcker, Robert, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Zakeri, Behnam, Rodrigues, Renato, Sitarz, Joanna, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Longa, Francesco Dalla, Tatarewicz, Igor, Fotiou, Theofano, Lewarski, Michał, Huppmann, Daniel, Kavvadias, Kostas, Zwaan, Bob van der, and Usher, Will

Abstract

Background: The transition to a carbon neutral society such as that envisaged in the European Union Green Deal requires careful and comprehensive planning. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) and energy system models (ESMs) are both commonly used for policy advice and in the process of policy design. In Europe, a vast landscape of these models has emerged and both kinds of models have been part of numerous model comparison and model linking exercises. However, IAMs and ESMs have rarely been compared or linked with one another. Methods: This study conducts an explorative comparison and identifies possible flows of information between 11 of the integrated assessment and energy system models in the European Climate and Energy Modelling Forum. The study identifies and compares regional aggregations and commonly reported variables We define harmonised regions and a subset of shared result variables that enable the comparison of results across the models. Results: The results highlight similarities and differences on final electricity demand, electricity supply and hydrogen across three levels of aggregation. However, the differences between the regional aggregation of the models limit detailed analysis. Conclusions: This first-of-its-kind comparison and analysis of modelling results across model type boundaries provides modellers and policymakers with a better understanding of how to interpret both IAM and ESM results. It also highlights the need for community standards for region definitions and information about reported variables to facilitate future comparisons of this kind.

Published
2023

44. Comparing energy system optimization models and integrated assessment models: Relevance for energy policy advice

Author

Henke, Hauke, Dekker, Mark, Lombardi, Francesco, Pietzcker, Robert, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Zakeri, Behnam, Rodrigues, Renato, Sitarz, Joanna, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Dalla Longa, Francesco, Tatarewicz, Igor, Fotiou, Theofano, Lewarski, Michał, Huppmann, Daniel, Kavvadias, Kostas, van der Zwaan, Bob, Usher, William, Henke, Hauke, Dekker, Mark, Lombardi, Francesco, Pietzcker, Robert, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Zakeri, Behnam, Rodrigues, Renato, Sitarz, Joanna, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Dalla Longa, Francesco, Tatarewicz, Igor, Fotiou, Theofano, Lewarski, Michał, Huppmann, Daniel, Kavvadias, Kostas, van der Zwaan, Bob, and Usher, William

Abstract

Background The transition to a climate neutral society such as that envisaged in the European Union Green Deal requires careful and comprehensive planning. Integrated assessment models (IAMs) and energy system optimisation models (ESOMs) are both commonly used for policy advice and in the process of policy design. In Europe, a vast landscape of these models has emerged and both kinds of models have been part of numerous model comparison and model linking exercises. However, IAMs and ESOMs have rarely been compared or linked with one another. Methods This study conducts an explorative comparison and identifies possible flows of information between 11 of the integrated assessment and energy system models in the European Climate and Energy Modelling Forum. The study identifies and compares regional aggregations and commonly reported variables. We define harmonised regions and a subset of shared result variables that enable the comparison of scenario results across the models. Results The results highlight how power generation and demand development are related and driven by regional and sectoral drivers. They also show that demand developments like for hydrogen can be linked with power generation potentials such as onshore wind power. Lastly, the results show that the role of nuclear power is related to the availability of wind resources. Conclusions This comparison and analysis of modelling results across model type boundaries provides modellers and policymakers with a better understanding of how to interpret both IAM and ESOM results. It also highlights the need for community standards for region definitions and information about reported variables to facilitate future comparisons of this kind. The comparison shows that regional aggregations might conceal differences within regions that are potentially of interest for national policy makers thereby indicating a need for national-level analysis., QC 20240717

Published
2023
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45. The mutual benefits of comparing energy system models and integrated assessment models

Author

Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Henke, Hauke, Dekker, Mark, Lombardi, Francesco, Pietzcker, Robert, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Zakeri, Behnam, Rodrigues, Renato, Sitarz, Joanna, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Longa, Francesco Dalla, Tatarewicz, Igor, Fotiou, Theofano, Lewarski, Michał, Huppmann, Daniel, Kavvadias, Kostas, Zwaan, Bob van der, Usher, Will, Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Henke, Hauke, Dekker, Mark, Lombardi, Francesco, Pietzcker, Robert, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Zakeri, Behnam, Rodrigues, Renato, Sitarz, Joanna, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Longa, Francesco Dalla, Tatarewicz, Igor, Fotiou, Theofano, Lewarski, Michał, Huppmann, Daniel, Kavvadias, Kostas, Zwaan, Bob van der, and Usher, Will

Published
2023

46. Identifying energy model fingerprints in mitigation scenarios

Author

Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Dekker, Mark M., Daioglou, Vassilis, Pietzcker, Robert, Rodrigues, Renato, Boer, Harmen-Sytze de, Longa, Francesco Dalla, Drouet, Laurent, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Fotiou, Theofano, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Fricko, Oliver, Gusheva, Ema, Harmsen, Mathijs, Huppmann, Daniel, Kannavou, Maria, Krey, Volker, Lombardi, Francesco, Luderer, Gunnar, Pfenninger, Stefan, Tsiropoulos, Ioannis, Zakeri, Behnam, Zwaan, Bob van der, Usher, Will, Vuuren, Detlef van, Integr. Assessm. Global Environm. Change, Environmental Sciences, Dekker, Mark M., Daioglou, Vassilis, Pietzcker, Robert, Rodrigues, Renato, Boer, Harmen-Sytze de, Longa, Francesco Dalla, Drouet, Laurent, Emmerling, Johannes, Fattahi, Amir, Fotiou, Theofano, Fragkos, Panagiotis, Fricko, Oliver, Gusheva, Ema, Harmsen, Mathijs, Huppmann, Daniel, Kannavou, Maria, Krey, Volker, Lombardi, Francesco, Luderer, Gunnar, Pfenninger, Stefan, Tsiropoulos, Ioannis, Zakeri, Behnam, Zwaan, Bob van der, Usher, Will, and Vuuren, Detlef van

Published
2023

47. Underground Gravity Energy Storage: a solution for long-term energy storage

Author

Hunt, Julian David, Zakeri, Behnam, Jurasz, Jakub, Tong, Wenxuan, Dąbek, Paweł B, Brandão, Roberto, Patro, Epari Ritesh, Đurin, Bojan, Leal Filho, Walter, Wada, Yoshihide, van Ruijven, Bas, Riahi, Keywan, Hunt, Julian David, Zakeri, Behnam, Jurasz, Jakub, Tong, Wenxuan, Dąbek, Paweł B, Brandão, Roberto, Patro, Epari Ritesh, Đurin, Bojan, Leal Filho, Walter, Wada, Yoshihide, van Ruijven, Bas, and Riahi, Keywan

Abstract

Low-carbon energy transitions taking place worldwide are primarily driven by the integration of renewable energy sources such as wind and solar power. These variable renewable energy (VRE) sources require energy storage options to match energy demand reliably at different time scales. This article suggests using a gravitational-based energy storage method by making use of decommissioned underground mines as storage reservoirs, using a vertical shaft and electric motor/generators for lifting and dumping large volumes of sand. The proposed technology, called Underground Gravity Energy Storage (UGES), can discharge electricity by lowering large volumes of sand into an underground mine through the mine shaft. When there is excess electrical energy in the grid, UGES can store electricity by elevating sand from the mine and depositing it in upper storage sites on top of the mine. Unlike battery energy storage, the energy storage medium of UGES is sand, which means the self-discharge rate of the system is zero, enabling ultra-long energy storage times. Furthermore, the use of sand as storage media alleviates any risk for contaminating underground water resources as opposed to an underground pumped hydro storage alternative. UGES offers weekly to pluriannual energy storage cycles with energy storage investment costs of about 1 to 10 USD/kWh. The technology is estimated to have a global energy storage potential of 7 to 70 TWh and can support sustainable development, mainly by providing seasonal energy storage services.

Published
2023

48. Hydrogen balloon transportation: A cheap and efficient mode to transport hydrogen.

Author

Hunt, Julian David, Zakeri, Behnam, Nascimento, Andreas, de Freitas, Marcos Aurélio Vasconcelos, Amorim, Felipe do Carmo, Guo, Fei, Witkamp, Geert-Jan, van Ruijven, Bas, and Wada, Yoshihide

Subjects
*RUSSIAN invasion of Ukraine, 2022-, *HYDROGEN economy, *CHOICE of transportation, *HYDROGEN, *COVID-19 pandemic, *FUEL cell vehicles
Abstract

The chances of a global hydrogen economy becoming a reality have increased significantly since the COVID pandemic and the war in Ukraine, and for net zero carbon emissions. However, intercontinental hydrogen transport is still a major issue. This study suggests transporting hydrogen as a gas at atmospheric pressure in balloons using the natural flow of wind to carry the balloon to its destination. We investigate the average wind speeds, atmospheric pressure, and temperature at different altitudes for this purpose. The ideal altitudes to transport hydrogen with balloons are 10 km or lower, and hydrogen pressures in the balloon vary from 0.25 to 1 bar. Transporting hydrogen from North America to Europe at a maximum 4 km altitude would take around 4.8 days on average. Hydrogen balloon transportation cost is estimated at 0.08 USD/kg of hydrogen, which is around 12 times smaller than the cost of transporting liquified hydrogen from the USA to Europe. Due to its reduced energy consumption and capital cost, in some locations, hydrogen balloon transportation might be a viable option for shipping hydrogen compared to liquefied hydrogen and other transport technologies. [Display omitted] • A new approach to transporting hydrogen with balloons. • Possible paths for hydrogen balloon transportation. • Estimation of the optimum altitude to transport hydrogen in balloons. • The global potential for hydrogen balloon transportation is accessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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49. Ammonia Airship Cooling: An Option for Renewable Cooling in the Tropics.

Author

Hunt, Julian David, Zakeri, Behnam, Nascimento, Andreas, Guo, Fei, Freitas, Marcos Aurélio Vasconcelos de, Silva, Cristiano Vitorino, and van Ruijven, Bas

Subjects
*RENEWABLE energy sources, *COOLING, *HYDROGEN economy, *LIQUID hydrogen, *AIRSHIPS, DEVELOPING countries
Abstract

The world is warming, and the demand for cooling is increasing. Developing a future green hydrogen economy will also increase the demand for cooling for hydrogen liquefaction. This increase in cooling demand will happen mainly in tropical and developing countries due to their increase in population, improvements in quality of life, and the export of their renewable potential with liquid hydrogen. To solve this increase in demand for cooling, this paper proposes the use of ammonia airship cooling (AAC). AAC extracts cold from the tropopause (−80 °C) with airships and ammonia refrigeration cycles. The liquid ammonia is then transported back to the surface to provide low temperature cooling services (−33 °C). This cooling service is particularly interesting for lowering the electricity consumption in hydrogen liquefaction plants. If all the technological challenges mentioned in the paper are addressed, it is estimated that the cost of cooling with the technology is 8.25 USD/MWht and that AAC could reduce the electricity demand for hydrogen liquefaction by 30%. AAC is an innovative renewable cooling technology that has the potential to complement other renewable energy sources in a sustainable future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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