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6. Frequency of medication errors in an emergency department of a large teaching hospital in southern Iran

Author

Vazin A, Zamani Z, and Hatam N

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Afsaneh Vazin,1 Zahra Zamani,1 Nahid Hatam2 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, 2School of Management and Medical Information Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran Abstract: This study was conducted with the purpose of determining the frequency of medication errors (MEs) occurring in tertiary care emergency department (ED) of a large academic hospital in Iran. The incidence of MEs was determined through the disguised direct observation method conducted by a trained observer. A total of 1,031 medication doses administered to 202 patients admitted to the tertiary care ED were observed over a course of 54 6-hour shifts. Following collection of the data and analysis of the errors with the assistance of a clinical pharmacist, frequency of errors in the different stages was reported and analyzed in SPSS-21 software. For the 202 patients and the 1,031 medication doses evaluated in the present study, 707 (68.5%) MEs were recorded in total. In other words, 3.5 errors per patient and almost 0.69 errors per medication are reported to have occurred, with the highest frequency of errors pertaining to cardiovascular (27.2%) and antimicrobial (23.6%) medications. The highest rate of errors occurred during the administration phase of the medication use process with a share of 37.6%, followed by errors of prescription and transcription with a share of 21.1% and 10% of errors, respectively. Omission (7.6%) and wrong time error (4.4%) were the most frequent administration errors. The less-experienced nurses (P=0.04), higher patient-to-nurse ratio (P=0.017), and the morning shifts (P=0.035) were positively related to administration errors. Administration errors marked the highest share of MEs occurring in the different medication use processes. Increasing the number of nurses and employing the more experienced of them in EDs can help reduce nursing errors. Addressing the shortcomings with further research should result in reduction of MEs in EDs.Keywords: medication errors, emergency department, frequency, patient safety

Published
2014

11. Feeling Unsafe at School Among Adolescents in 13 Asian and European Countries: Occurrence and Associated Factors

Author

Mori, Y. Tiiri, E. Lempinen, L. Klomek, A.B. Kolaitis, G. Slobodskaya, H.R. Kaneko, H. Srabstein, J.C. Li, L. Huong, M.N. Praharaj, S.K. Ong, S.H. Lesinskiene, S. Kyrrestad, H. Wiguna, T. Zamani, Z. Sillanmäki, L. Sourander, A. the EACMHS Study Group and Mori, Y. Tiiri, E. Lempinen, L. Klomek, A.B. Kolaitis, G. Slobodskaya, H.R. Kaneko, H. Srabstein, J.C. Li, L. Huong, M.N. Praharaj, S.K. Ong, S.H. Lesinskiene, S. Kyrrestad, H. Wiguna, T. Zamani, Z. Sillanmäki, L. Sourander, A. the EACMHS Study Group

Abstract

Background: Research on perceived school safety has been largely limited to studies conducted in Western countries and there has been a lack of large-scale cross-national studies on the topic. Methods: The present study examined the occurrence of adolescents who felt unsafe at school and the associated factors of perceived school safety in 13 Asian and European countries. The data were based on 21,688 adolescents aged 13-15 (11,028 girls, 10,660 boys) who completed self-administered surveys between 2011 and 2017. Logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals. Findings: The number of adolescents who felt unsafe at school varied widely across countries, with a mean occurrence of 31.4% for the total sample: 31.3% for girls, and 31.1% for boys. The findings revealed strong independent associations between feeling unsafe and individual and school-related factors, such as being bullied, emotional and behavioral problems and feeling that teachers did not care. The study also found large variations in perceived school safety between schools in many countries. Conclusion: The findings emphasize the need to create safe educational environments for all students, based on positive relationships with teachers and peers. School-based interventions to prevent bullying and promote mental health should be a natural part of school safety promotion. Copyright © 2022 Mori, Tiiri, Lempinen, Klomek, Kolaitis, Slobodskaya, Kaneko, Srabstein, Li, Huong, Praharaj, Ong, Lesinskiene, Kyrrestad, Wiguna, Zamani, Sillanmäki and Sourander.

Published
2022

12. Outcomes of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis due to Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia After the Acute Phase

Author

Van De Munckhof, A. Lindgren, E. Kleinig, T.J. Field, T.S. Cordonnier, C. Krzywicka, K. Poli, S. Sánchez Van Kammen, M. Borhani-Haghighi, A. Lemmens, R. Scutelnic, A. Ciccone, A. Gattringer, T. Wittstock, M. Dizonno, V. Devroye, A. Elkady, A. Günther, A. Cervera, A. Mengel, A. Chew, B.L.A. Buck, B. Zanferrari, C. Garcia-Esperon, C. Jacobi, C. Soriano, C. Michalski, D. Zamani, Z. Blacquiere, D. Johansson, E. Cuadrado-Godia, E. Vuillier, F. Bode, F.J. Caparros, F. Maier, F. Tsivgoulis, G. Katzberg, H.D. Duan, J. Burrow, J. Pelz, J. Mbroh, J. Oen, J. Schouten, J. Zimmermann, J. Ng, K. Garambois, K. Petruzzellis, M. Carvalho Dias, M. Ghiasian, M. Romoli, M. Miranda, M. Wronski, M. Skjelland, M. Almasi-Dooghaee, M. Cuisenier, P. Murphy, S. Timsit, S. Coutts, S.B. Schönenberger, S. Nagel, S. Hiltunen, S. Chatterton, S. Cox, T. Bartsch, T. Shaygannejad, V. Mirzaasgari, Z. Middeldorp, S. Levi, M.M. Kremer Hovinga, J.A. Jood, K. Tatlisumak, T. Putaala, J. Heldner, M.R. Arnold, M. Aguiar De Sousa, D. Ferro, J.M. Coutinho, J.M. and Van De Munckhof, A. Lindgren, E. Kleinig, T.J. Field, T.S. Cordonnier, C. Krzywicka, K. Poli, S. Sánchez Van Kammen, M. Borhani-Haghighi, A. Lemmens, R. Scutelnic, A. Ciccone, A. Gattringer, T. Wittstock, M. Dizonno, V. Devroye, A. Elkady, A. Günther, A. Cervera, A. Mengel, A. Chew, B.L.A. Buck, B. Zanferrari, C. Garcia-Esperon, C. Jacobi, C. Soriano, C. Michalski, D. Zamani, Z. Blacquiere, D. Johansson, E. Cuadrado-Godia, E. Vuillier, F. Bode, F.J. Caparros, F. Maier, F. Tsivgoulis, G. Katzberg, H.D. Duan, J. Burrow, J. Pelz, J. Mbroh, J. Oen, J. Schouten, J. Zimmermann, J. Ng, K. Garambois, K. Petruzzellis, M. Carvalho Dias, M. Ghiasian, M. Romoli, M. Miranda, M. Wronski, M. Skjelland, M. Almasi-Dooghaee, M. Cuisenier, P. Murphy, S. Timsit, S. Coutts, S.B. Schönenberger, S. Nagel, S. Hiltunen, S. Chatterton, S. Cox, T. Bartsch, T. Shaygannejad, V. Mirzaasgari, Z. Middeldorp, S. Levi, M.M. Kremer Hovinga, J.A. Jood, K. Tatlisumak, T. Putaala, J. Heldner, M.R. Arnold, M. Aguiar De Sousa, D. Ferro, J.M. Coutinho, J.M.

Abstract

Background: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) due to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a severe condition, with high in-hospital mortality rates. Here, we report clinical outcomes of patients with CVT-VITT after SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) vaccination who survived initial hospitalization. Methods: We used data from an international registry of patients who developed CVT within 28 days of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, collected until February 10, 2022. VITT diagnosis was classified based on the Pavord criteria. Outcomes were mortality, functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2), VITT relapse, new thrombosis, and bleeding events (all after discharge from initial hospitalization). Results: Of 107 CVT-VITT cases, 43 (40%) died during initial hospitalization. Of the remaining 64 patients, follow-up data were available for 60 (94%) patients (37 definite VITT, 9 probable VITT, and 14 possible VITT). Median age was 40 years and 45/60 (75%) patients were women. Median follow-up time was 150 days (interquartile range, 94-194). Two patients died during follow-up (3% [95% CI, 1%-11%). Functional independence was achieved by 53/60 (88% [95% CI, 78%-94%]) patients. No new venous or arterial thrombotic events were reported. One patient developed a major bleeding during follow-up (fatal intracerebral bleed). Conclusions: In contrast to the high mortality of CVT-VITT in the acute phase, mortality among patients who survived the initial hospitalization was low, new thrombotic events did not occur, and bleeding events were rare. Approximately 9 out of 10 CVT-VITT patients who survived the acute phase were functionally independent at follow-up. © 2022 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.

Published
2022

13. Outcomes of Cerebral Venous Thrombosis due to Vaccine-Induced Immune Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia After the Acute Phase

Author

Munckhof, A. van de, Lindgren, E., Kleinig, T.J., Field, T.S., Cordonnier, C., Krzywicka, K., Poli, S., Sanchez van Kammen, M., Borhani-Haghighi, A., Lemmens, R., Scutelnic, A., Ciccone, A., Gattringer, T., Wittstock, M., Dizonno, V., Devroye, A., Elkady, A., Günther, A., Cervera, A., Mengel, A., Chew, B.L.A., Buck, B., Zanferrari, C., Garcia-Esperon, C., Jacobi, C., Soriano, C., Michalski, D., Zamani, Z., Blacquiere, D., Johansson, E., Cuadrado-Godia, E., Vuillier, F., Bode, F.J., Caparros, F., Maier, F., Tsivgoulis, G., Katzberg, H.D., Duan, J., Burrow, J., Pelz, J., Mbroh, J., Oen, J., Schouten, J., Zimmermann, J., Ng, K., Garambois, K., Petruzzellis, M., Dias, M., Ghiasian, M., Romoli, M., Miranda, M., Wronski, M., Skjelland, M., Almasi-Dooghaee, M., Cuisenier, P., Murphy, S., Timsit, S., Coutts, S.B., Schönenberger, S., Nagel, S., Hiltunen, S., Chatterton, S., Cox, T., Bartsch, T., Shaygannejad, V., Mirzaasgari, Z., Middeldorp, S., Levi, M.M., Kremer Hovinga, J.A., Jood, K., Tatlisumak, T., Putaala, J., Heldner, M.R., Arnold, M., Aguiar de Sousa, D., Ferro, J.M., Coutinho, J.M., Munckhof, A. van de, Lindgren, E., Kleinig, T.J., Field, T.S., Cordonnier, C., Krzywicka, K., Poli, S., Sanchez van Kammen, M., Borhani-Haghighi, A., Lemmens, R., Scutelnic, A., Ciccone, A., Gattringer, T., Wittstock, M., Dizonno, V., Devroye, A., Elkady, A., Günther, A., Cervera, A., Mengel, A., Chew, B.L.A., Buck, B., Zanferrari, C., Garcia-Esperon, C., Jacobi, C., Soriano, C., Michalski, D., Zamani, Z., Blacquiere, D., Johansson, E., Cuadrado-Godia, E., Vuillier, F., Bode, F.J., Caparros, F., Maier, F., Tsivgoulis, G., Katzberg, H.D., Duan, J., Burrow, J., Pelz, J., Mbroh, J., Oen, J., Schouten, J., Zimmermann, J., Ng, K., Garambois, K., Petruzzellis, M., Dias, M., Ghiasian, M., Romoli, M., Miranda, M., Wronski, M., Skjelland, M., Almasi-Dooghaee, M., Cuisenier, P., Murphy, S., Timsit, S., Coutts, S.B., Schönenberger, S., Nagel, S., Hiltunen, S., Chatterton, S., Cox, T., Bartsch, T., Shaygannejad, V., Mirzaasgari, Z., Middeldorp, S., Levi, M.M., Kremer Hovinga, J.A., Jood, K., Tatlisumak, T., Putaala, J., Heldner, M.R., Arnold, M., Aguiar de Sousa, D., Ferro, J.M., and Coutinho, J.M.

Abstract

Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) due to vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) is a severe condition, with high in-hospital mortality rates. Here, we report clinical outcomes of patients with CVT-VITT after SARS-CoV-2 (severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2) vaccination who survived initial hospitalization. METHODS: We used data from an international registry of patients who developed CVT within 28 days of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination, collected until February 10, 2022. VITT diagnosis was classified based on the Pavord criteria. Outcomes were mortality, functional independence (modified Rankin Scale score 0-2), VITT relapse, new thrombosis, and bleeding events (all after discharge from initial hospitalization). RESULTS: Of 107 CVT-VITT cases, 43 (40%) died during initial hospitalization. Of the remaining 64 patients, follow-up data were available for 60 (94%) patients (37 definite VITT, 9 probable VITT, and 14 possible VITT). Median age was 40 years and 45/60 (75%) patients were women. Median follow-up time was 150 days (interquartile range, 94-194). Two patients died during follow-up (3% [95% CI, 1%-11%). Functional independence was achieved by 53/60 (88% [95% CI, 78%-94%]) patients. No new venous or arterial thrombotic events were reported. One patient developed a major bleeding during follow-up (fatal intracerebral bleed). CONCLUSIONS: In contrast to the high mortality of CVT-VITT in the acute phase, mortality among patients who survived the initial hospitalization was low, new thrombotic events did not occur, and bleeding events were rare. Approximately 9 out of 10 CVT-VITT patients who survived the acute phase were functionally independent at follow-up.

Published
2022

23. Detection of the altered metabolites of Raji cells in the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) using 1HNMR Spectroscopy

Author

Zamani Z, Dindar Z, Hosseini Rh, and Vahhabpoor R

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Cell growth, Cell culture, Chemistry, medicine, Transfection, medicine.disease_cause, Carcinogenesis, Molecular biology, Epstein–Barr virus, Virus, Raji cell, Amino acid
Abstract

EBV is one of the most common viruses in humans and is directly implicated in carcinogenesis. The present study aimed to detect the altered metabolites of Raji cells in the presence of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) using 1H NMR by NOESY technique. The cells and EBV were maintained in RPMI 1640 and 1 ml of cells were transfected into falcon tubes containing cells and were incubated at 37°C for 2 hours. Metabolites extracted using water or chloroform/methanol, lyophilized and sent for 1H NMR analysis by NOESY technique. The NMR spectrum comprising of Fourier Transformed information about metabolites in the control and treated were imported into MATLAB (v.7.8.0.347) software and the metabolic cycles were determined using Metabo-Analyst software. The data have demonstrated that infected cells leads to proliferation and subsequent immortalization of cell lines through cellular replication machinery recruitment and changes the metabolic profile and promotes vital metabolites such as the carbohydrates engage in pentose phosphate and glycolactic, biosynthesis of nucleotide and amino acid pathways. The results also indicate that essential amino acids are required for protecting viral structure and the function of viral genes. Therefore, EBV infection of cells leads to the sustained elevation of cell growth and cell immortalization.

Published
2018
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25. Evaluation of the Anticancer Effect of Xanthium Strumarium Root Extract on Human Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Cells Using ¹H NMR-Based Metabolomics.

Author

Malekzadeh, R., Arjmand, M., Hajihosseini, R., Vaziri, A., and Zamani, Z.

Subjects
ANTINEOPLASTIC agents, OVARIAN epithelial cancer, XANTHIUM, PLANT extracts, METABOLOMICS
Abstract

Epithelial Ovarian cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women all over the world. As chemotherapeutics has many side effects, researchers have focused on the potential use of medicinal plants as natural antitumor agents. Xanthium strumarium studied in this work as an herbal anticancer agent. This study aimed to evaluate the antitumor effect and metabolic alterations caused by the root extract of X. strumarium on human ovarian cancer cell line (A2780cp), using NMR-based metabolomics approaches. Cells were cultured and treated with different concentrations of the ethanolic plant extract. Antitumor activity determined by MTT assay and cell metabolites extracted for NMR spectroscopy. ¹H NMR spectroscopy was applied, and outliers were analyzed using multivariate statistical analysis techniques. The extract exhibited antitumor activity against ovarian cancer cells with an IC50 of 6 μg/ml after 48 hours of treatment. The most affected metabolic pathways in the experimental groups were limited to tyrosine metabolism, nucleotide metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and glycerolipid metabolism. Our data showed that the ethanolic root extract of X. strumarium has antitumor activity on the ovarian cancer cells and can affect vital metabolic pathways. However, further studies required to validate this activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020

33. Genetic characterization of Allium stipitatumaccessions: an economically wild edible Alliumspecies with unique flavor

Author

Ebrahimi, R., Hassandokht, M., Zamani, Z., Roldan-Ruiz, I., Muylle, H., Glabeke, S., Bockstaele, E., and Kashi, A.

Abstract

We evaluated the genetic diversity of Iranian Mooseer (Allium stipitatumRegel. syn. A. hirtifoliumBoiss.) using morphological traits and AFLP markers and determined the phylogenetic relationships and the position of Iranian Mooseer among domesticated and wild edible alliums using internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data. Four EcoRI and MseI AFLP primer combinations rendered produced 376 markers, 204 being polymorphic (53.28% polymorphism). AFLP data separated clearly the Kazeroun accession, originating from the warmer Southern region of Iran, from the other 20 accessions. According to the morphological evaluation data, Khansar, Kouhrang and Daran accessions showed the highest means for bulb weight. Cluster analysis based on morphological traits divided the Mooseer germplasms into three main groups. The ITS results indicated that Iranian Mooseer clustered with other A. stipitatumaccessions, but with small differences. They were phylogenetically close to Iranian wild edible alliums and clearly differentiated from other domesticated alliums. Separation of three Iranian Mooseers from A. stipitatumsamples originated from other countries in two distinct groups according to their ITS sequence shows that probably these two groups have divergent evolutionary paths.

Published
2019
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34. Courtyards as solutions in green architecture to reduce environmental pollution

Author

Zamani, Z., Taleghani, M., and Hoseini, S.B.

Subjects
green architecture, sustainable development, courtyard, environment, sustainable energies
Abstract

After the industrial revolution, men intended-more than ever-to use energy, specifically the fossil fuels. In spite of providing comfort conditions for human life, too much use of these energy resources can cause the pollution and destruction of environment. The result is the threatening of the environment and the continuity of life on the planet Earth. Hence, the environmental concerns in the 1970s caused the emergence of a new concept entitled as sustainability in all sciences and industries. Therefore, construction sectors -as one of the main consumers of energy- are required to follow sustainability principles, as other disciplines do. One of the techniques in planning green architecture to reach the optimal usage of clean energies and, subsequently, to reduce environmental pollution is to have central courtyards around buildings. This research considers the effect of different parts of a courtyard building on the operative temperature and solar gain per square meter in Isfahan. Therefore, three traditional houses have been chosen and simulated in DesignBuilder as case studies.

Published
2012

36. Pixel based urban growth model for predicting future pattern

Author

M. Zamani Z. Abiden, M. Nabil F. Jamaluddin, and Siti Z. Z. Abidin

Subjects
Geography, Geographic information system, Pixel, Artificial neural network, business.industry, Pattern recognition (psychology), Information system, Duration (project management), Rural area, business, Cartography, Economic forecasting, Simulation
Abstract

Urban growth refers to an increase in the absolute of people living in urban areas and the spatial expansion of those urban areas. The study of the past and present situations of an area gives the influential factors on the pattern of urban growth. In fact, it is possible to predict the future pattern if the growth can be properly modeled. The urban environmental problems are usually valid to a specific area (locally) because most of the land area is depended on its geography, social, economic and policy factors. The factors may be different from one place to another. In this paper, we propose a generic solution to detect urban growth pattern for any region of interest by using pixel-based approach. Digital images are captured using satellites. The images are processed using Geographical Information System (GIS) to classify the urban and rural areas. A Cellular Automata (CA) theory is applied to determine the states of all pixels before filtration and selection on any region of interest are performed. Later, a back propagation Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm is used to detect the pattern of urban growth and provides the prediction for future growth. As a case study, we choose an area called Klang Valley (the place of most rapid urban growth) in Malaysia (a country in South East of Asia). With six imagery data set of a same location (for 15 years duration), we model the urban growth by focusing on the pixel based approach. In this way, future urban growth can be predicted based on the past history. In addition, it is possible to focus on certain region of interest in the digital map for any particular urban influential factor. Thus, urban monitoring can be carried out to help the ecological system as well as producing systematic planning for future living.

Published
2010
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37. Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Fruit Storability Improvement Using Pre-storage Chitosan Coating Technique.

Author

Varasteh, F., Arzani, K., Barzegar, M., and Zamani, Z.

Subjects
POMEGRANATE, FRUIT quality, SHELF-life dating of food, SCANNING electron microscopy, WEIGHT loss
Abstract

Application of edible coatings to enhance storage life of fresh fruit has recently been under considerable attention. This experiment was conducted in order to explore the effect of chitosan coating and storage temperature on the postharvest life of pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit. Therefore, pomegranate fruits 'Rabbab-e-Neyriz' were dipped in 0, 1 and 2% aqueous chitosan solutions, air dried and then stored at 2 and 5°C with 90% relative humidity for up to 135 days. The application of chitosan coating retarded the respiration rate and weight loss of the fruit regardless of temperature during storage period; however, the retention was higher at 2 than 5°C. After 135 days of storage, the highest (18.19%) and lowest (9.33%) weight losses were recorded in the control fruit stored at 5°C and 2% chitosan-treated fruit stored at 2°C, respectively. The results revealed that postharvest weight losses in pomegranate fruit mainly related to weight losses in the fruit peel and 4-8% reduction in peel weight percentage (of whole fruit) was recorded in the treated fruit. A slight decline in Soluble Solids Content (SSC) and Titratable Acidity (TA) was found during storage in all treatments, while pH and maturity index increased slowly. Scanning electron microscopy of the treated fruit demonstrated that chitosan covered whole pericarp surface and pores of the coated fruit, and revealed more shrivelling symptoms on the peel of the non-coated fruit during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017

42. Rooting ability of some Persian walnut cultivars and peroxidase analysis

Author

Vahdati, K., Zamani, Z., Khalid, Amari, McGranahan, G., and Martínez-Gómez, Pedro

Subjects
Walnut cultivars, Biochemical markers, food and beverages, Isozyme, Micropropagation, Rooting, Peroxides
Abstract

5 pages.-- In: Agronomy and Horticulture., The rooting ability of three commercial, cultivars of Juglans regia L. ('Sunland', Chandler and Vina) was studied in vitro Microshoots were cultured on an induction medium (MS gelled with Kobe Agar and supplemented with 3 mg 1-1 IBA) for a week and rooting was evaluated after four weeks. Walnut cultivars exhibited significant differences in rooting, so that Sunland rooted most easily (90%), followed by Chandler (64%) and Vina (21%). Peroxidase enzyme has been introduced as a biochemical marker for rooting isozymes of this enzyme was analyzed in a horizontal starch gel. The presence of the peroxidase bands and polymorphic behavior was different in the easy - to - root Sunland cultivar. On the other hand, the amount of peroxidase enzyme activity was monitored during the induction stage of rooting in studied cultivars. Peroxidase activity was higher in the easiest -to - root cultivar over the rooting stages. The implication of these results in the micropropagation of walnut was discussed.

Published
2002

43. Courtyards as solutions in green architecture to reduce environmental pollution

Author

Zamani, Z. (author), Taleghani, M. (author), Hoseini, S.B. (author), Zamani, Z. (author), Taleghani, M. (author), and Hoseini, S.B. (author)

Abstract

After the industrial revolution, men intended-more than ever-to use energy, specifically the fossil fuels. In spite of providing comfort conditions for human life, too much use of these energy resources can cause the pollution and destruction of environment. The result is the threatening of the environment and the continuity of life on the planet Earth. Hence, the environmental concerns in the 1970s caused the emergence of a new concept entitled as sustainability in all sciences and industries. Therefore, construction sectors -as one of the main consumers of energy- are required to follow sustainability principles, as other disciplines do. One of the techniques in planning green architecture to reach the optimal usage of clean energies and, subsequently, to reduce environmental pollution is to have central courtyards around buildings. This research considers the effect of different parts of a courtyard building on the operative temperature and solar gain per square meter in Isfahan. Therefore, three traditional houses have been chosen and simulated in DesignBuilder as case studies., Building Technology, Architecture

Published
2012

47. On a new positive dependence concept based on the conditional mean inactivity time order.

Author

Zamani, Z., Borzadaran, G. R. Mohtashami, and Amini, M.

Subjects
*CONDITIONAL expectations, *PROBABILITY theory, *RANDOM variables, *ARCHIMEDEAN t-norm, *COPULA functions
Abstract

In this paper, we introduce a new positive dependence concept between two non negative random variables which is related to a conditional version of the mean inactivity time order. A number of properties and relationship between the new notion and the concept of positive likelihood ratio dependence (PLRD) is discussed. Some results in terms of proposed notions for the Archimedean family of copulas are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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