Search

Your search keyword '"Zamani M"' showing total 1,565 results
Start Over Author "Zamani M"

Refine your results

more »

more »

more »

more »

more »
1,565 results on '"Zamani M"'

1. Prevalence of Incidental Findings in Oral and Maxillofacial Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Author

Abesi F., Omran M. Amouzadeh, and Zamani M.

Subjects
incidental findings, oral and maxillofacial radiology, cone-beam computed tomography, systematic review, Medicine
Abstract

As the use of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) is increasing and the quality of images is enhanced, the likelihood of incidental findings detection in CBCT radiographs is raised. Variable frequency of incidental findings on oral and maxillofacial CBCT scans has been reported.

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

2. Clubfoot Deformity Treatment with Ilizarov Apparatus in the Paediatric Population without Corrective Osteotomies and Soft Tissue Release: A Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Aslani HS, Athari MB, Tavakoli-Darestani R, Pourmojarab A, Baroutkoub M, and Zamani M

Subjects
neglected clubfoot deformity, ilizarov apparatus, paediatric orthopaedics, Orthopedic surgery, RD701-811
Abstract

Introduction: Neglected Club Foot deformity is not an uncommon limb anomaly encountered by orthopaedic surgeons. Many treatment methods have been proposed. Ilizarov apparatus is one of the techniques used to correct this deformity. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional study 47 patients (56 feet) between the ages of 5 and 10 years with clubfoot deformity were treated using the Ilizarov external fixator. Age, sex, type of deformity, and radiographic parameters were measured on foot radiographs. Also, the American Orthopaedic Foot and Ankle Society (AOFAS) score and the Dimeglio classification were recorded for each patient before and after treatment. Results: The treatment was unilateral in 38 patients and bilateral in 9 patients. 39 patients (69.6%) were male, and 17 patients (30.4%) were female with a mean age of 7.86 ± 1.4 years. Plantar angles of ankle flexion and ankle flexion curve increased from 20.12±6.52 and -16.51±8.36 to 25.89±6.44 and 6.19 ± 6.42, respectively. There was also an improvement in the talocalcaneal and tibiocalcaneal angles. Also, the angle between the first metatarsus and the talus in the front and side views improved (P

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

3. Doxorubicin/Cisplatin-Loaded Superparamagnetic Nanoparticles As A Stimuli-Responsive Co-Delivery System For Chemo-Photothermal Therapy

Author

Khafaji M, Zamani M, Vossoughi M, and Iraji zad A

Subjects
iron oxide nanoparticles, chemo/photothermal therapy, dual-drug delivery, control release, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Mona Khafaji,1 Masoud Zamani,2 Manouchehr Vossoughi,2,3 Azam Iraji zad1,4 1Institute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588-89694, Iran; 2Institute for Biotechnology and Environment (IBE), Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; 3Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran; 4Department of Physics, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran 14588, IranCorrespondence: Mona KhafajiInstitute for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box 11365-11155, Tehran 14588-89694, IranTel +98-21-66164123Fax +98-21-66164117Email mona.khafaji@gmail.comManouchehr VossoughiDepartment of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Sharif University of Technology, PO Box 11365-8639, Tehran, IranTel +98-21-66164104Fax +98-21-66005417Email vosoughi@sharif.eduIntroduction: To date, numerous iron-based nanostructures have been designed for cancer therapy applications. Although some of them were promising for clinical applications, few efforts have been made to maximize the therapeutic index of these carriers. Herein, PEGylated silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles (PS-IONs) were introduced as multipurpose stimuli-responsive co-delivery nanocarriers for a combination of dual-drug chemotherapy and photothermal therapy.Methods: Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized via the sonochemical method and coated by a thin layer of silica. The nanostructures were then further modified with a layer of di-carboxylate polyethylene glycol (6 kDa) and carboxylate-methoxy polyethylene glycol (6 kDa) to improve their stability, biocompatibility, and drug loading capability. Doxorubicin (DOX) and cisplatin (CDDP) were loaded on the PS-IONs through the interactions between the drug molecules and polyethylene glycol.Results: The PS-IONs demonstrated excellent cellular uptake, cytocompatibility, and hemocompatibility at the practical dosage. Furthermore, in addition to being an appropriate MRI agent, PS-IONs demonstrated superb photothermal property in 0.5 W/cm2 of 808 nm laser irradiation. The release of both drugs was effectively triggered by pH and NIR irradiation. As a result of the intracellular combination chemotherapy and 10 min of safe power laser irradiation, the highest cytotoxicity for iron-based nanocarriers (97.3±0.8%) was achieved.Conclusion: The results of this study indicate the great potential of PS-IONs as a multifunctional targeted co-delivery system for cancer theranostic application and the advantage of employing proper combination therapy for cancer eradication.Keywords: iron oxide nanoparticles, chemo/photothermal therapy, dual-drug delivery, control release

Published
2019

4. Nocturia: a bothersome urological symptom in the elderly

Author

Shekarchi B and Zamani M

Subjects
Geriatrics, RC952-954.6
Abstract

Bahram Shekarchi, Mohammad Zamani Student Research Committee, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, IranWe read with great interest the valuable study by Shao et al,1 which has been recently published in Clinical Interventions in Aging. The authors mentioned the nocturia as a negative factor, leading to a problem in the sleep status and the daily function of the patients who suffer from lower urinary tract symptoms.View original paper by Shao and colleagues.

Published
2016

5. A novel diblock copolymer of (monomethoxy poly [ethylene glycol]-oleate) with a small hydrophobic fraction to make stable micelles/polymersomes for curcumin delivery to cancer cells

Author

Erfani-Moghadam V, Nomani A, Zamani M, Yazdani Y, Najafi F, and Sadeghizadeh M

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Vahid Erfani-Moghadam,1,6 Alireza Nomani,2 Mina Zamani,3 Yaghoub Yazdani,4 Farhood Najafi,5 Majid Sadeghizadeh1,3 1Department of Nanobiotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; 2Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; 3Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; 4Infectious Diseases Research Center and Laboratory Science Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran; 5Department of Resin and Additives, Institute for Color Science and Technology, Tehran, Iran; 6Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Medical Technology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran Abstract: Curcumin is a potent natural anticancer agent, but its effectiveness is limited by properties such as very low solubility, high rate of degradation, and low rate of absorption of its hydrophobic molecules in vivo. To date, various nanocarriers have been used to improve the bioavailability of this hydrophobic biomaterial. This study investigates the encapsulation of curcumin in a novel nanostructure of monomethoxy poly(ethylene glycol)-oleate (mPEG-OA) and its anticancer effect. Tests were done to determine the critical micelle concentration (CMC), encapsulation efficiency, drug-loading efficiency, and cytotoxicity (against U87MG brain carcinoma cells and HFSF-PI3 cells as normal human fibroblasts) of some nanodevice preparations. The results of fluorescence microscopy and cell-cycle analyses indicated that the in vitro bioavailability of the encapsulated curcumin was significantly greater than that of free curcumin. Cytotoxicity evaluations showed that half maximal inhibitory concentrations of free curcumin and curcumin-loaded mPEG-OA for the U87MG cancer cell line were 48 µM and 24 µM, respectively. The Annexin-V-FLUOS assay was used to quantify the apoptotic effect of the prepared nanostructures. Apoptosis induction was observed in a dose-dependent manner after curcumin-loaded mPEG-OA treatments. Two common self-assembling structures, micelles and polymersomes, were observed by atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering, and the abundance of each structure was dependent on the concentration of the diblock copolymer. The mPEG-OA micelles had a very low CMC (13.24 µM or 0.03 g/L). Moreover, atomic force microscopy and dynamic light scattering showed that the curcumin-loaded mPEG-OA polymersomes had very stable structures, and at concentrations 1,000 times less than the CMC, at which the micelles disappear, polymersomes were the dominant structures in the dispersion with a reduced size distribution below 150 nm. Overall, the results from these tests revealed that this nanocarrier can be considered as an appropriate drug delivery system for delivering curcumin to cancer cells. Keywords: anticancer agent, nanocarrier, encapsulation, bioavailability, apoptosis, critical micelle concentration

Published
2014

6. Advances in drug delivery via electrospun and electrosprayed nanomaterials

Author

Zamani M, Prabhakaran MP, and Ramakrishna S

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Maedeh Zamani,1 Molamma P Prabhakaran,2 Seeram Ramakrishna1,21Department of Mechanical Engineering, 2Center for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, National University of Singapore, SingaporeAbstract: Electrohydrodynamic (EHD) techniques refer to procedures that utilize electrostatic forces to fabricate fibers or particles of different shapes with sizes in the nano-range to a few microns through electrically charged fluid jet. Employing different techniques, such as blending, surface modification, and coaxial process, there is a great possibility of incorporating bioactive such molecules as drugs, DNA, and growth factors into the nanostructures fabricated via EHD techniques. By careful selection of materials and processing conditions, desired encapsulation efficiency as well as preserved bioactivity of the therapeutic agents can be achieved. The drug-loaded nanostructures produced can be applied via different routes, such as implantation, injection, and topical or oral administration for a wide range of disease treatment. Taking advantage of the recent developments in EHD techniques like the coaxial process or multilayered structures, individually controlled delivery of multiple drugs is achievable, which is of great demand in cancer therapy and growth-factor delivery. This review summarizes the most recent techniques and postmodification methods to fabricate electrospun nanofibers and electrosprayed particles for drug-delivery applications.Keywords: electrospinning, electrospraying, gene delivery, growth-factor delivery, cancer therapy, wound dressing

Published
2013

7. The Impact of Organic Selenium Supplementation on Rooster Semen Quality in Liquid Condition

Author

Jafari Ahangari Y, Parizadian B, and Zamani M

Subjects
supplementation, Organic selenium, Rooster, Sperm, Motility, Animal culture, SF1-1100
Abstract

This research was carried out to investigate the effects of various levels of dietary organic selenium supplementation (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/Kg) on reproductive traits of rooster. Semen was collected using abdominal massage and samples were mixed together. Sperm characteristics including percentage of motile, viable and abnormal sperms were assessed. This experiment was carried out based on a completely randomized design. Results showed that the organic selenium supplementation had significant effects on perm motility and viability in liquid condition (P0.05). In conclusion, the use of organic selenium supplementation (0.3 mg/Kg) in diet of rooster could be recommended to improve semen quality.

Published
2013

8. Protective effect of Adenosine A1 receptor and ascorbic acid on hippocampal neuronal density and memory disorder in ischemia reperfusion induced Rats

Author

Zamani M (MSc), Rasooli H (PhD), Mehdizadeh M (PhD), Nobakht M (PhD), Zamani F (BSc), and Soleimani M (PhD)

Subjects
A1 receptor, Agonist, Ascorbic acid, Ischemia, Neuroprotective, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background and Objective: Brain ischemia is one of the most important factor of morbidity and mortality and leaving many people with mental and physical disabilities. Until now there are no appropriate medications to prevent and cure ischemic injury. This study was done to evaluate the protective effect of Adenosine A1 receptor and ascorbic acid on hippocampal neuronal density and memory disorder in ischemia reperfusion induced Rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on the hippocampus pyramidal neurons on 56 male BALB/c mice. Animals randmly allocated into 8 groups (N=7) including: 1) intact, 2) ischemic control group, 3) ischemic, plus agonist and adenosine of A1 receptor, 4) ascorbic acid (100 mg/daily), 5) ischemic plus agonist adenosine receptor (1 mg/1 kg) one week after ischemia, 6) ischemia, ascorbic acid befor and after ischemia and A1 receptor (1 mg/1 kg) agonist after ischemia, 7) A1 receptor, antagonist (2.25 / 1 kg), one weed after ischemia, 8) Ascorbic acid (100 mg/1kg) before and after ischemia plus A1 receptor antagonist (2.25 / 1 kg) after ischemia. Ischemia induced by clamping of common carotid artery and the drugs was injected subsequently into peritoneum after reduction of inflammation of ischemic zone. The Y-maze memory test performed after completing the treatment period, afterward brains fixed and prepared for microscopic nissl staining method. The counting of pyramidal cells were performed at 53500 square micrometer of CA1. Data were analyzed using SPSS-15 and ANOVA test. Results: The Y-maze test showed extensive deficit in short-term memory in ischemic group (PA=200) but in treatment groups this deficit significantly reduced (PA=243, 248 and 265). The normal neuronal cell in ischemic group was significantly lowered (n=87) than treatment groups (n=111, 105 and 125) including ascorbic acid group (125), adenosine receptor agonist (105) and ascorbic acid plus agonist adenosine receptor (111). The number of normal neuronal cell in ischemic groups significantly is reduced compared to treatment group (P

Published
2012

9. Composite poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(vinyl acetate) electrospun nanofibrous mats as a novel wound dressing matrix for controlled release of drugs

Author

Jannesari M, Varshosaz J, Morshed M, and Zamani M

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Marziyeh Jannesari1, Jaleh Varshosaz2, Mohammad Morshed1, Maedeh Zamani11Department of Textile Engineering, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran; 2Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, IranAbstract: The aim of this study was to develop novel biomedicated nanofiber electrospun mats for controlled drug release, especially drug release directly to an injury site to accelerate wound healing. Nanofibers of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(vinyl acetate) (PVAc), and a 50:50 composite blend, loaded with ciprofloxacin HCl (CipHCl), were successfully prepared by an electrospinning technique for the first time. The morphology and average diameter of the electrospun nanofibers were investigated by scanning electron microscopy. X-ray diffraction studies indicated an amorphous distribution of the drug inside the nanofiber blend. Introducing the drug into polymeric solutions significantly decreased solution viscosities as well as nanofiber diameter. In vitro drug release evaluations showed that both the kind of polymer and the amount of drug loaded greatly affected the degree of swelling, weight loss, and initial burst and rate of drug release. Blending PVA and PVAc exhibited a useful and convenient method for electrospinning in order to control the rate and period of drug release in wound healing applications. Also, the thickness of the blend nanofiber mats strongly influenced the initial release and rate of drug release.Keywords: biodegradable polymers, drug delivery, controlled release, electrospun nanofibers, wound dressing

Published
2011

10. Evaluation of diagnostic ability of shock index in camparison to vital sign in ruptured ectopic pregnancy

Author

Nasrolahi Sh and Zamani M

Subjects
Ectopic pregnancy, Vital sign, Shock Index, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background&Objective: Ectopic pregnancy is a main cause of maternal death and is 10-15% of refered patint to first trimester emergency ward. Due to importance of early detection and prevention of excessive blood loss in Ectopic pregnancy this study designed that evaluated the correlation between vital signs and quantity of hemo-peritoneum and except of traditional vital sign another method with more sensivity can be used in detection of tubal rupture and nessersirily of Emergency surgary. Materials&Methods: This study is a analytic cross sectional design in 105 patients had diagnosis of ruptured ectopic pregnancy in fatemieh hospital. positive predictive value and sensitivity and specifity of pulse rate, BP and shock Index (SI) in correlation to ruptured Ectopic pregnancy and hemoperitoneum evaluated. Results: Hundred five patients were studied (70 ruptured EP and 35 unruptured EP). Mean of shock index in unruptured and ruptured EP was 0.6±0.29 and 0.94±0.22 respectively that was nonsignificant. (p

Published
2007

14. Cooperative Robust Estimation with Local Performance Guarantees

Author

Zamani, M. and Ugrinovskii, V.

Subjects
Computer Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

The paper considers the problem of cooperative estimation for a linear uncertain plant observed by a network of communicating sensors. We take a novel approach by treating the filtering problem from the view point of local sensors while the network interconnections are accounted for via an uncertain signals modelling of estimation performance of other nodes. That is, the information communicated between the nodes is treated as the true plant information subject to perturbations, and each node is endowed with certain believes about these perturbations during the filter design. The proposed distributed filter achieves a suboptimal $H_\infty$ consensus performance. Furthermore, local performance of each estimator is also assessed given additional constraints on the performance of the other nodes. These conditions are shown to be useful in tuning the desired estimation performance of the sensor network., Comment: 2016 American Control Conference, Boston, 2016

Published
2016

15. Analytic height correlation function of rough surfaces derived from light scattering

Author

Zamani, M., Shafiei, F., Fazeli, S. M., Downer, M. C., and Jafari, G. R.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

We derive an analytic expression for the height correlation function of a rough surface based on the inverse wave scattering method of Kirchhoff theory. The expression directly relates the height correlation function to diffuse scattered intensity along a linear path at fixed polar angle. We test the solution by measuring the angular distribution of light scattered from rough silicon surfaces, and comparing extracted height correlation functions to those derived from atomic force microscopy (AFM). The results agree closely with AFM over a wider range of roughness parameters than previous formulations of the inverse scattering problem, while relying less on large-angle scatter data. Our expression thus provides an accurate analytical equation for the height correlation function of a wide range of surfaces based on measurements using a simple, fast experimental procedure., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures, 1 table

Published
2015
Full Text
View/download PDF

18. Computationally efficient adaptive spike processor with real-time decoding of neural signals for implantable applications

Author

Zamani, M.

Subjects
621.3
Abstract

Recent advances in the field of neuroscience have suggested that new generation brain computer interfaces demand a critical step in biomedical signal processing requiring online/on-chip spike sorting. Spike sorting is the process of grouping signals from an individual neuron by grouping action potentials (spikes) into a specific cluster based on the similarity of their shapes. The extraction of single-unit activity by sensors at a distance from specific neurons is necessary for a wide range of clinical applications such as disorder treatments, muscular stimulation (e.g., epidural spinal cord stimulation for treatment acceleration), cochlear implant and neural prostheses. A brain machine interface, for example, can potentially substitute the missing motor pathway/sensory information between the motor cortex and an artificial limb. With the aim of developing an energy-efficient spike sorting chip for hardware implantable systems, this thesis introduces a new feature extraction method based on extrema analysis (positive and negative peaks) of spike shapes and their discrete derivatives. The proposed method runs in real-time and does not require any offline training. Compared to other methods it offers a better tradeoff between accuracy and computational complexity using online sorting. It additionally eliminates multiplications which are computationally expensive, power hungry and require appreciable silicon area. A minimum power limit for implantable neural front-end interfaces is also derived. It involved: 1) system level optimization - the front-end specifications including the bandwidth, data converter resolution and sampling rate were defined by exploring the effect of the parameters on spike sorting via a standard spike bank; 2) block level optimization - The front-end power was minimized by using an opamp-less cyclic converter; and 3) estimating the power limit equation of the frontend. The new optimization methodology addresses the future demands of neural recording interfaces. Finally the thesis presents the design, implementation and testing of the first generation of an adaptive spike sorting processor. It enhances the accuracy-power characteristics by employing self-calibration of processing features. The chip prototype was fabricated in a 180-nm CMOS technology. It achieves an overall clustering accuracy of 84.5% using a standard spike data bank and has a power consumption of 148-μW from 1.8-V supply voltage. The fabricated spike processor has almost 10%higher clustering accuracy than the state-of-the-art. Measurements show good power-performance characteristics compared to the state-of-the-art online and offline clustering methods.

Published
2017

19. R-mode instability of neutron stars: LOCV approach.

Author

Shahbazi, M., Bigdeli, M., Moshfegh, H. R., and Zamani, M.

Subjects
ANGULAR velocity, NEUTRON stars, CRITICAL velocity, EQUATIONS of state, BULK viscosity
Abstract

In this work, we study the r-mode instability of neutron stars and present critical angular velocity Ω c associated with bulk and shear viscosity for rotational stellar models. For this aim, we employ the lowest order constrained variational method and utilize realistic nucleon-nucleon interactions to determine the equation of state of neutron stars. We work within the framework of the slow rotation approximation and use various equations of state to calculate the angular velocity, fiducial gravitational radiation timescale and the rates of frequency change for both the maximum mass configuration and 1.4 M ⊙ stars. Additionally, we compute the equation of state of magnetized neutron matter and investigate the effects of strong magnetic field on the r-mode instability window. In addition, we examine the influence of neuron star crust on a star's angular velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

20. Nonlinear Attitude Filtering: A Comparison Study

Author

Zamani, M., Trumpf, J., and Mahony, R.

Subjects
Computer Science - Systems and Control
Abstract

This paper contains a concise comparison of a number of nonlinear attitude filtering methods that have attracted attention in the robotics and aviation literature. With the help of previously published surveys and comparison studies, the vast literature on the subject is narrowed down to a small pool of competitive attitude filters. Amongst these filters is a second-order optimal minimum-energy filter recently proposed by the authors. Easily comparable discretized unit quaternion implementations of the selected filters are provided. We conduct a simulation study and compare the transient behaviour and asymptotic convergence of these filters in two scenarios with different initialization and measurement errors inspired by applications in unmanned aerial robotics and space flight. The second-order optimal minimum-energy filter is shown to have the best performance of all filters, including the industry standard multiplicative extended Kalman filter (MEKF).

Published
2015

21. QED Second Order Corrections on the Speed of Light at Low Temperature

Author

Razmi, H. and Zamani, M.

Subjects
High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Theory, Quantum Physics
Abstract

We want to study thermal corrections on the speed of light at low temperature considering temperature dependence of photon vacuum polarization tensor at two-loop level in the standard QED. It is found that the heat bath behaves as a dispersive medium to the propagation of light and reduces its speed proprtional to the second order of temperature. Similiraties and differences with already known calculations which are based on Euler-Heisenberg Lagrangian and/or those using temperature dependent electromagnetic properties of the medium are discussed., Comment: 12 pages including an Appendix

Published
2013

22. Path derivation for a wave scattered model to estimate height correlation function of rough surfaces

Author

Zamani, M., Fazeli, S. M., Salami, M., Farahani, S. Vasheghani, and Jafari, G. R.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

The long standing problem on finding the height correlation function is studied by the inverse scattering problem. We propose a new method in the frame work of Kirchhoff theory which we call "path derivation of scattered wave (PDSW)" in order to obtain an expression for direct measurements of the height correlation function. This would provide adequate insight to rough surfaces. The efficiency of this method is due to the fact that the height correlation function could be estimated directly by measurements of the scattered intensity on a suggested path. The model is tested numerically and an experimental setup is suggested., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

23. Analytical expression for wave scattering from exponential height correlated rough surfaces

Author

Zamani, M., Salami, M., Fazeli, S. M., and Jafari, G. R.

Subjects
Physics - Optics
Abstract

Wave scattering from rough surfaces in addition the inverse scattering is an interesting approach to obtain the surface topography properties in various fields. Analytical expression in wave scattering from some known rough surfaces, not only help us to understand the scattering phenomena, but also would prove adequate to be a criterion to measure the information for empirical rough surfaces. For a rough surface with an exponential height correlation function, we derive an analytical expression for the diffused part and expanded it in two asymptotic regimes. We consider one surface as slightly rough and the other as very rough based on the framework of the Kirchhoff theory. In the end, we have measured the role of various Hurst exponents and correlation lengths on scattering intensity in self-affine surfaces. We have shown that by increasing the Hurst exponent from H=0 to H=1, the diffuse scattering decreases with the scattering angle., Comment: 13 pages, 4 figures

Published
2013
Full Text
View/download PDF

31. Burden of musculoskeletal disorders in Iran during 1990–2017: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017

Author

Shahrezaee, M., Keshtkari, S., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Abbasifard, M., Alipour, V., Amini, S., Arabloo, J., Arzani, A., Bakhshaei, M., Barzegar, A., Bijani, A., Dianatinasab, M., Eskandarieh, S., Gheshlagh, R. Ghanei, Ghashghaee, A., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Irvani, S.S.N., Lahimchi, A., Maleki, S., Manafi, N., Manafi, A., Mansournia, M. A.., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Bandpei, M. A. Mohseni, Moradzadeh, R., Naderi, M., Pakshir, K., Rafiei, A., Rashedi, V., Rezaei, N., Rezapour, A., Sahraian, M. A., Shahabi, S., Shamsi, M., Soheili, A., Soroush, A., Zamani, M., Mohajer, B., and Farzadfar, F.

Published
2020
Full Text
View/download PDF

39. Global, regional, and national burden of hepatitis B, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Sheena, B, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Abubaker Ali, H, Adane, M, Adegboye, O, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Aghaie Meybodi, M, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, M, Rashid, T, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, A, Alem, D, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Ali, M, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, A, Argaw, Z, Arshad, M, Artamonov, A, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Berhie, A, Bhagat, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, B, Bojia, H, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Camera, L, Chakinala, R, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, F, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cortesi, P, Cowie, B, Culbreth, G, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De La Hoz, F, Debela, S, Dedefo, M, Demeke, F, Demie, T, Demissie, G, Derbew Molla, M, Desta, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, L, Dorostkar, F, Drake, T, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, M, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, D, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaidhane, S, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, T, Gebreyohannes, E, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Goshu, Y, Griswold, M, Gubari, M, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Haddadi, R, Halwani, R, Hamid, S, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hariri, S, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Huang, J, Hussein, N, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irham, L, Islam, J, Ismail, N, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Javadi Mamaghani, A, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jha, R, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kanko, T, Kantar, R, Karaye, I, Kassa, B, Kemp Bohan, P, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khater, A, Khatib, M, Khodadost, M, Khoja, A, Khosravizadeh, O, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, H, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kocarnik, J, Kolahi, A, Koteeswaran, R, Kumar, G, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Ledda, C, Lee, D, Lee, S, Lee, Y, Levi, M, Li, J, Lim, S, Lobo, S, Lopukhov, P, Loureiro, J, Maclachlan, J, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekpour, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Matthews, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Minh, L, Mirica, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, E, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Moludi, J, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Muniyandi, M, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Narasimha Swamy, S, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Nejadghaderi, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, H, Ngwa, C, Niazi, R, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, U, Paudel, U, Petcu, I, Piracha, Z, Pollok, R, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rafiei, A, Rafiei, S, Raghuram, P, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmawaty, S, Rajesh, A, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rashidi, M, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Rezazadeh-Khadem, S, Rodriguez, J, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Sampath, C, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, M, Shannawaz, M, Shenoy, S, Shetty, J, Shetty, P, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shobeiri, P, Sibhat, M, Singh, A, Singh, J, Singh, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sohrabpour, A, Song, S, Tabaeian, S, Tadesse, E, Taheri, M, Tampa, M, Tan, K, Tavakoli, A, Tbakhi, A, Tefera, B, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tesfaw, H, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tohidast, S, Tollosa, D, Tosti, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, M, Trihandini, I, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varthya, S, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Weldesenbet, A, Woldemariam, M, Xu, S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yaseri, M, Yeshaw, Y, Yigit, V, Yirdaw, B, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Vos, T, Ward, J, Dirac, M, Sheena B. S., Hiebert L., Han H., Ippolito H., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbastabar H., Abdoli A., Abubaker Ali H., Adane M. M., Adegboye O. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Aghaie Meybodi M., Ahadinezhad B., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed M. B., Rashid T. A., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alem A., Alem D. T., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Ali M. A., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Alkhayyat M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Altawalah H., Amini S., Amu H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Anoushiravani A., Ansar A., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Argaw A. M., Argaw Z. G., Arshad M., Artamonov A. A., Ashraf T., Atlaw D., Ausloos F., Ausloos M., Azadnajafabad S., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Bagheri S., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Banach M., Barati N., Barrow A., Batiha A. -M. M., Bejarano Ramirez D. F., Belgaumi U. I., Berhie A. Y., Bhagat D. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bodicha B. B. A., Bojia H. A., Boloor A., Bosetti C., Braithwaite D., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Camera L. A., Chakinala R. C., Chakraborty P. A., Charan J., Chen S., Choi J. -Y. J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury F. R., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cortesi P. A., Cowie B. C., Culbreth G. T., Dadras O., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., De La Hoz F. P., Debela S. A., Dedefo M. G., Demeke F. M., Demie T. G. G., Demissie G. D., Derbew Molla M., Desta A. A., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Didehdar M., Doan L. P., Dorostkar F., Drake T. M., Eghbalian F., Ekholuenetale M., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elhadi M., Elmonem M. A., Elsharkawy A., Enany S., Enyew D. B., Erkhembayar R., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Ezzikouri S., Farrokhpour H., Fetensa G., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gaidhane A. M., Gaidhane S., Galles N. C., Gallus S., Gebremeskel T. G., Gebreyohannes E. A., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari S. -H., Ghashghaee A., Gholami A., Gholizadeh A., Gilani A., Goel A., Golechha M., Goleij P., Golinelli D., Gorini G., Goshu Y. A., Griswold M. G., Gubari M. I. M., Gupta B., Gupta S., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Haddadi R., Halwani R., Hamid S. S., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harapan H., Hargono A., Hariri S., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan S. M. M., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Heyi D. Z., Hezam K., Holla R., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Huang J., Hussein N. R., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irham L. M., Islam J. Y., Ismail N. E., Jacobsen K. H., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Javadi Mamaghani A., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jebai R., Jha R. P., Joseph N., Joukar F., Kaambwa B., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalhor R., Kandel H., Kanko T. K. T., Kantar R. S., Karaye I. M., Kassa B. G., Kemp Bohan P. M., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan G., Khan I. A., Khan J., Khan M. A., Khanali J., Khater A. M., Khatib M. N., Khodadost M., Khoja A. T., Khosravizadeh O., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim H., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kocarnik J. M., Kolahi A. -A., Koteeswaran R., Kumar G. A., La Vecchia C., Lal D. K., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J. V., Ledda C., Lee D. W., Lee S. -W., Lee Y. Y., Levi M., Li J., Lim S. S., Lobo S. W., Lopukhov P. D., Loureiro J. A., MacLachlan J. H., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekpour M. -R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Martins-Melo F. R., Matthews P. C., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. G., Mestrovic T., Miller T. R., Minh L. H. N., Mirica A., Mirmoeeni S., Mirrakhimov E. M., Misra S., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohamadkhani A., Mohammadi M., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Moludi J., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradzadeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mostafavi E., Mubarik S., Muniyandi M., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., Naimzada M. D., Narasimha Swamy S., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Nejadghaderi S. A., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Ngwa C. H., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar Bali A., Omer E., Otstavnov S. S., Oumer B., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Pandey A., Park E. -C., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Paudel U., Petcu I. -R., Piracha Z. Z., Pollok R. C. G., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rafiei A., Rafiei S., Raghuram P. M., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Rahmawaty S., Rajesh A., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rashidi M., Rashidi M. -M., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Rezazadeh-Khadem S., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rwegerera G. M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salahi S., Salimzadeh H., Sampath C., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Seidu A. -A., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shaker E., Shakhmardanov M. Z., Shannawaz M., Shenoy S. M., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shin J. I., Shobeiri P., Sibhat M. M., Singh A. D., Singh J. A., Singh S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sohrabpour A. A., Song S., Tabaeian S. P., Tadesse E. G., Taheri M., Tampa M., Tan K. -K., Tavakoli A., Tbakhi A., Tefera B. N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tesfaw H. M., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Tohidast S. A., Tollosa D. N., Tosti M. E., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran M. T. N., Trihandini I., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Varthya S. B., Vo B., Waheed Y., Weldesenbet A. B., Woldemariam M., Xu S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yaseri M., Yeshaw Y., Yigit V., Yirdaw B. W., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki L., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M. S., Vos T., Ward J. W., Dirac M. A., Sheena, B, Hiebert, L, Han, H, Ippolito, H, Abbasi-Kangevari, M, Abbasi-Kangevari, Z, Abbastabar, H, Abdoli, A, Abubaker Ali, H, Adane, M, Adegboye, O, Adnani, Q, Advani, S, Afzal, M, Afzal, S, Aghaie Meybodi, M, Ahadinezhad, B, Ahinkorah, B, Ahmad, S, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, S, Ahmed, H, Ahmed, M, Rashid, T, Akalu, G, Aklilu, A, Akram, T, Al Hamad, H, Alahdab, F, Alem, A, Alem, D, Alhalaiqa, F, Alhassan, R, Ali, L, Ali, M, Alimohamadi, Y, Alipour, V, Alkhayyat, M, Almustanyir, S, Al-Raddadi, R, Altawalah, H, Amini, S, Amu, H, Ancuceanu, R, Andrei, C, Andrei, T, Anoushiravani, A, Ansar, A, Anyasodor, A, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Argaw, A, Argaw, Z, Arshad, M, Artamonov, A, Ashraf, T, Atlaw, D, Ausloos, F, Ausloos, M, Azadnajafabad, S, Azangou-Khyavy, M, Azari Jafari, A, Azarian, G, Bagheri, S, Bahadory, S, Baig, A, Banach, M, Barati, N, Barrow, A, Batiha, A, Bejarano Ramirez, D, Belgaumi, U, Berhie, A, Bhagat, D, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhojaraja, V, Bijani, A, Biondi, A, Bodicha, B, Bojia, H, Boloor, A, Bosetti, C, Braithwaite, D, Briko, N, Butt, Z, Camera, L, Chakinala, R, Chakraborty, P, Charan, J, Chen, S, Choi, J, Choudhari, S, Chowdhury, F, Chu, D, Chung, S, Cortesi, P, Cowie, B, Culbreth, G, Dadras, O, Dai, X, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, De La Hoz, F, Debela, S, Dedefo, M, Demeke, F, Demie, T, Demissie, G, Derbew Molla, M, Desta, A, Dhamnetiya, D, Dhimal, M, Didehdar, M, Doan, L, Dorostkar, F, Drake, T, Eghbalian, F, Ekholuenetale, M, El Sayed, I, El Sayed Zaki, M, Elhadi, M, Elmonem, M, Elsharkawy, A, Enany, S, Enyew, D, Erkhembayar, R, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Ezzikouri, S, Farrokhpour, H, Fetensa, G, Fischer, F, Foroutan, M, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gaidhane, S, Galles, N, Gallus, S, Gebremeskel, T, Gebreyohannes, E, Ghadiri, K, Ghaffari, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, S, Ghashghaee, A, Gholami, A, Gholizadeh, A, Gilani, A, Goel, A, Golechha, M, Goleij, P, Golinelli, D, Gorini, G, Goshu, Y, Griswold, M, Gubari, M, Gupta, B, Gupta, S, Gupta, V, Haddadi, R, Halwani, R, Hamid, S, Hamidi, S, Hanif, A, Haque, S, Harapan, H, Hargono, A, Hariri, S, Hasaballah, A, Hasan, S, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hay, S, Hayat, K, Heidari, G, Herteliu, C, Heyi, D, Hezam, K, Holla, R, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Househ, M, Huang, J, Hussein, N, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Irham, L, Islam, J, Ismail, N, Jacobsen, K, Jadidi-Niaragh, F, Javadi Mamaghani, A, Jayaram, S, Jayawardena, R, Jebai, R, Jha, R, Joseph, N, Joukar, F, Kaambwa, B, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalhor, R, Kandel, H, Kanko, T, Kantar, R, Karaye, I, Kassa, B, Kemp Bohan, P, Keykhaei, M, Khader, Y, Khajuria, H, Khan, G, Khan, I, Khan, J, Khan, M, Khanali, J, Khater, A, Khatib, M, Khodadost, M, Khoja, A, Khosravizadeh, O, Khubchandani, J, Kim, G, Kim, H, Kim, M, Kim, Y, Kocarnik, J, Kolahi, A, Koteeswaran, R, Kumar, G, La Vecchia, C, Lal, D, Landires, I, Lasrado, S, Lazarus, J, Ledda, C, Lee, D, Lee, S, Lee, Y, Levi, M, Li, J, Lim, S, Lobo, S, Lopukhov, P, Loureiro, J, Maclachlan, J, Magdy Abd El Razek, H, Magdy Abd El Razek, M, Majeed, A, Makki, A, Malekpour, M, Malekzadeh, R, Malik, A, Mansour-Ghanaei, F, Mansournia, M, Martins-Melo, F, Matthews, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Meretoja, T, Mersha, A, Mestrovic, T, Miller, T, Minh, L, Mirica, A, Mirmoeeni, S, Mirrakhimov, E, Misra, S, Mithra, P, Moazen, B, Mohamadkhani, A, Mohammadi, M, Mohammed, S, Moka, N, Mokdad, A, Moludi, J, Momtazmanesh, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradzadeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Mostafavi, E, Mubarik, S, Muniyandi, M, Murray, C, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Narasimha Swamy, S, Natto, Z, Nayak, B, Nazari, J, Negoi, I, Negru, S, Nejadghaderi, S, Neupane Kandel, S, Nguyen, H, Ngwa, C, Niazi, R, Nnaji, C, Noubiap, J, Nowroozi, A, Nunez-Samudio, V, Oancea, B, Ochir, C, Odukoya, O, Oh, I, Olagunju, A, Olakunde, B, Omar Bali, A, Omer, E, Otstavnov, S, Oumer, B, Padubidri, J, Pana, A, Pandey, A, Park, E, Pashazadeh Kan, F, Patel, U, Paudel, U, Petcu, I, Piracha, Z, Pollok, R, Postma, M, Pourshams, A, Poustchi, H, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Rafiei, A, Rafiei, S, Raghuram, P, Rahman, M, Rahmani, A, Rahmawaty, S, Rajesh, A, Ranasinghe, P, Rao, C, Rao, S, Rashidi, M, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawassizadeh, R, Rezaei, N, Rezapour, A, Rezazadeh-Khadem, S, Rodriguez, J, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Saddik, B, Saeb, M, Saeed, U, Sahebkar, A, Saif-Ur-Rahman, K, Salahi, S, Salimzadeh, H, Sampath, C, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Sanmarchi, F, Santric-Milicevic, M, Sarveazad, A, Sathian, B, Sawhney, M, Seidu, A, Sepanlou, S, Seylani, A, Shahabi, S, Shaikh, M, Shaker, E, Shakhmardanov, M, Shannawaz, M, Shenoy, S, Shetty, J, Shetty, P, Shibuya, K, Shin, J, Shobeiri, P, Sibhat, M, Singh, A, Singh, J, Singh, S, Skryabin, V, Skryabina, A, Sohrabpour, A, Song, S, Tabaeian, S, Tadesse, E, Taheri, M, Tampa, M, Tan, K, Tavakoli, A, Tbakhi, A, Tefera, B, Tehrani-Banihashemi, A, Tesfaw, H, Thapar, R, Thavamani, A, Tohidast, S, Tollosa, D, Tosti, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Traini, E, Tran, M, Trihandini, I, Tusa, B, Ullah, I, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varthya, S, Vo, B, Waheed, Y, Weldesenbet, A, Woldemariam, M, Xu, S, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yaseri, M, Yeshaw, Y, Yigit, V, Yirdaw, B, Yonemoto, N, Yu, C, Yunusa, I, Zahir, M, Zaki, L, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zastrozhin, M, Vos, T, Ward, J, Dirac, M, Sheena B. S., Hiebert L., Han H., Ippolito H., Abbasi-Kangevari M., Abbasi-Kangevari Z., Abbastabar H., Abdoli A., Abubaker Ali H., Adane M. M., Adegboye O. A., Adnani Q. E. S., Advani S. M., Afzal M. S., Afzal S., Aghaie Meybodi M., Ahadinezhad B., Ahinkorah B. O., Ahmad S., Ahmad T., Ahmadi S., Ahmed H., Ahmed M. B., Rashid T. A., Akalu G. T., Aklilu A., Akram T., Al Hamad H., Alahdab F., Alem A., Alem D. T., Alhalaiqa F. A. N., Alhassan R. K., Ali L., Ali M. A., Alimohamadi Y., Alipour V., Alkhayyat M., Almustanyir S., Al-Raddadi R. M., Altawalah H., Amini S., Amu H., Ancuceanu R., Andrei C. L., Andrei T., Anoushiravani A., Ansar A., Anyasodor A. E., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Argaw A. M., Argaw Z. G., Arshad M., Artamonov A. A., Ashraf T., Atlaw D., Ausloos F., Ausloos M., Azadnajafabad S., Azangou-Khyavy M., Azari Jafari A., Azarian G., Bagheri S., Bahadory S., Baig A. A., Banach M., Barati N., Barrow A., Batiha A. -M. M., Bejarano Ramirez D. F., Belgaumi U. I., Berhie A. Y., Bhagat D. S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhojaraja V. S., Bijani A., Biondi A., Bodicha B. B. A., Bojia H. A., Boloor A., Bosetti C., Braithwaite D., Briko N. I., Butt Z. A., Camera L. A., Chakinala R. C., Chakraborty P. A., Charan J., Chen S., Choi J. -Y. J., Choudhari S. G., Chowdhury F. R., Chu D. -T., Chung S. -C., Cortesi P. A., Cowie B. C., Culbreth G. T., Dadras O., Dai X., Dandona L., Dandona R., De La Hoz F. P., Debela S. A., Dedefo M. G., Demeke F. M., Demie T. G. G., Demissie G. D., Derbew Molla M., Desta A. A., Dhamnetiya D., Dhimal M. L., Dhimal M., Didehdar M., Doan L. P., Dorostkar F., Drake T. M., Eghbalian F., Ekholuenetale M., El Sayed I., El Sayed Zaki M., Elhadi M., Elmonem M. A., Elsharkawy A., Enany S., Enyew D. B., Erkhembayar R., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Ezzikouri S., Farrokhpour H., Fetensa G., Fischer F., Foroutan M., Gad M. M., Gaidhane A. M., Gaidhane S., Galles N. C., Gallus S., Gebremeskel T. G., Gebreyohannes E. A., Ghadiri K., Ghaffari K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari S. -H., Ghashghaee A., Gholami A., Gholizadeh A., Gilani A., Goel A., Golechha M., Goleij P., Golinelli D., Gorini G., Goshu Y. A., Griswold M. G., Gubari M. I. M., Gupta B., Gupta S., Gupta V. B., Gupta V. K., Haddadi R., Halwani R., Hamid S. S., Hamidi S., Hanif A., Haque S., Harapan H., Hargono A., Hariri S., Hasaballah A. I., Hasan S. M. M., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hay S. I., Hayat K., Heidari G., Herteliu C., Heyi D. Z., Hezam K., Holla R., Hosseini M. -S., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Househ M., Huang J., Hussein N. R., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S. E., Ilesanmi O. S., Ilic I. M., Ilic M. D., Irham L. M., Islam J. Y., Ismail N. E., Jacobsen K. H., Jadidi-Niaragh F., Javadi Mamaghani A., Jayaram S., Jayawardena R., Jebai R., Jha R. P., Joseph N., Joukar F., Kaambwa B., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalhor R., Kandel H., Kanko T. K. T., Kantar R. S., Karaye I. M., Kassa B. G., Kemp Bohan P. M., Keykhaei M., Khader Y. S., Khajuria H., Khan G., Khan I. A., Khan J., Khan M. A., Khanali J., Khater A. M., Khatib M. N., Khodadost M., Khoja A. T., Khosravizadeh O., Khubchandani J., Kim G. R., Kim H., Kim M. S., Kim Y. J., Kocarnik J. M., Kolahi A. -A., Koteeswaran R., Kumar G. A., La Vecchia C., Lal D. K., Landires I., Lasrado S., Lazarus J. V., Ledda C., Lee D. W., Lee S. -W., Lee Y. Y., Levi M., Li J., Lim S. S., Lobo S. W., Lopukhov P. D., Loureiro J. A., MacLachlan J. H., Magdy Abd El Razek H., Magdy Abd El Razek M., Majeed A., Makki A., Malekpour M. -R., Malekzadeh R., Malik A. A., Mansour-Ghanaei F., Mansournia M. A., Martins-Melo F. R., Matthews P. C., Mendoza W., Menezes R. G., Meretoja T. J., Mersha A. G., Mestrovic T., Miller T. R., Minh L. H. N., Mirica A., Mirmoeeni S., Mirrakhimov E. M., Misra S., Mithra P., Moazen B., Mohamadkhani A., Mohammadi M., Mohammed S., Moka N., Mokdad A. H., Moludi J., Momtazmanesh S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradzadeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Mostafavi E., Mubarik S., Muniyandi M., Murray C. J. L., Naghavi M., Naimzada M. D., Narasimha Swamy S., Natto Z. S., Nayak B. P., Nazari J., Negoi I., Negru S. M., Nejadghaderi S. A., Neupane Kandel S., Nguyen H. L. T., Ngwa C. H., Niazi R. K., Nnaji C. A., Noubiap J. J., Nowroozi A., Nunez-Samudio V., Oancea B., Ochir C., Odukoya O. O., Oh I. -H., Olagunju A. T., Olakunde B. O., Omar Bali A., Omer E., Otstavnov S. S., Oumer B., Padubidri J. R., Pana A., Pandey A., Park E. -C., Pashazadeh Kan F., Patel U. K., Paudel U., Petcu I. -R., Piracha Z. Z., Pollok R. C. G., Postma M. J., Pourshams A., Poustchi H., Rabiee M., Rabiee N., Rafiei A., Rafiei S., Raghuram P. M., Rahman M., Rahmani A. M., Rahmawaty S., Rajesh A., Ranasinghe P., Rao C. R., Rao S. J., Rashidi M., Rashidi M. -M., Rawaf D. L., Rawaf S., Rawassizadeh R., Rezaei N., Rezapour A., Rezazadeh-Khadem S., Rodriguez J. A. B., Rwegerera G. M., Sabour S., Saddik B., Saeb M. R., Saeed U., Sahebkar A., Saif-Ur-Rahman K. M., Salahi S., Salimzadeh H., Sampath C., Samy A. M., Sanabria J., Sanmarchi F., Santric-Milicevic M. M., Sarveazad A., Sathian B., Sawhney M., Seidu A. -A., Sepanlou S. G., Seylani A., Shahabi S., Shaikh M. A., Shaker E., Shakhmardanov M. Z., Shannawaz M., Shenoy S. M., Shetty J. K., Shetty P. H., Shibuya K., Shin J. I., Shobeiri P., Sibhat M. M., Singh A. D., Singh J. A., Singh S., Skryabin V. Y., Skryabina A. A., Sohrabpour A. A., Song S., Tabaeian S. P., Tadesse E. G., Taheri M., Tampa M., Tan K. -K., Tavakoli A., Tbakhi A., Tefera B. N., Tehrani-Banihashemi A., Tesfaw H. M., Thapar R., Thavamani A., Tohidast S. A., Tollosa D. N., Tosti M. E., Tovani-Palone M. R., Traini E., Tran M. T. N., Trihandini I., Tusa B. S., Ullah I., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P. R., Varthya S. B., Vo B., Waheed Y., Weldesenbet A. B., Woldemariam M., Xu S., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S. H., Yaseri M., Yeshaw Y., Yigit V., Yirdaw B. W., Yonemoto N., Yu C., Yunusa I., Zahir M., Zaki L., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zastrozhin M. S., Vos T., Ward J. W., and Dirac M. A.

Abstract

Background: Combating viral hepatitis is part of the UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and WHO has put forth hepatitis B elimination targets in its Global Health Sector Strategy on Viral Hepatitis (WHO-GHSS) and Interim Guidance for Country Validation of Viral Hepatitis Elimination (WHO Interim Guidance). We estimated the global, regional, and national prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), as well as mortality and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to HBV, as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. This included estimates for 194 WHO member states, for which we compared our estimates to WHO elimination targets. Methods: The primary data sources were population-based serosurveys, claims and hospital discharges, cancer registries, vital registration systems, and published case series. We estimated chronic HBV infection and the burden of HBV-related diseases, defined as an aggregate of cirrhosis due to hepatitis B, liver cancer due to hepatitis B, and acute hepatitis B. We used DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian mixed-effects meta-regression tool, to estimate the prevalence of chronic HBV infection, cirrhosis, and aetiological proportions of cirrhosis. We used mortality-to-incidence ratios modelled with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression to estimate the incidence of liver cancer. We used the Cause of Death Ensemble modelling (CODEm) model, a tool that selects models and covariates on the basis of out-of-sample performance, to estimate mortality due to cirrhosis, liver cancer, and acute hepatitis B. Findings: In 2019, the estimated global, all-age prevalence of chronic HBV infection was 4·1% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 3·7 to 4·5), corresponding to 316 million (284 to 351) infected people. There was a 31·3% (29·0 to 33·9) decline in all-age prevalence between 1990 and 2019, with a more marked decline of 76·8% (76·2 to 77·5) in prevalence in children younger than 5 years. HBV-related diseases resulted in 555 0

Published
2022

40. Global, regional, and national mortality among young people aged 10–24 years, 1950–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Author

Collaborators, GAM, Ward, JL, Azzopardi, PS, Francis, KL, Santelli, JS, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, SM, Kassebaum, NJ, Mokdad, AH, Hay, SI, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, LG, Abrigo, MRM, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, AI, Adebayo, OM, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, SM, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, AE, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, FM, Alanzi, TM, Alcalde-Rabanal, JE, Alemu, BW, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, RK, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, SM, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, NA, Al-Mekhlafi, HM, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, RM, Altirkawi, KA, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, AT, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, AML, Amugsi, DA, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, CL, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, CAT, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, SCY, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Ärnlöv, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, AA, Atout, MMW, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, EK, Avila-Burgos, L, Quintanilla, BPA, Ayano, G, Aynalem, YA, Azari, S, Azene, ZN, Bakhshaei, MH, Bakkannavar, SM, Banach, M, Banik, PC, Barboza, MA, Barker-Collo, SL, Bärnighausen, TW, Basu, S, Baune, BT, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, TT, Bell, AW, Bell, ML, Benjet, C, Bensenor, IM, Berhe, AK, Berhe, K, Berman, AE, Bhagavathula, AS, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, ZA, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, TTM, Biswas, RK, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, SR, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, NL, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, NJK, Brenner, H, Britton, GB, Burns, RA, Nagaraja, SB, Butt, ZA, dos Santos, FLC, Cámera, LA, Campos-Nonato, IR, Rincon, JCC, Cárdenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, JJ, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, JM, Castañeda-Orjuela, CA, Castelpietra, G, Catalá-López, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, JS, Chang, H-Y, Chang, J-C, Charan, J, Chattu, VK, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J-YJ, Chowdhury, MAK, Christopher, DJ, Chu, D-T, Chung, MT, Chung, S-C, Cicuttini, FM, Constantin, TV, Costa, VM, Dahlawi, SMA, Dai, H, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, AM, Dávila-Cervantes, CA, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, FP, De Leo, D, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, SD, Dhungana, GP, Dianatinasab, M, da Silva, DD, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, CP, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, KE, Duraes, AR, Kalan, ME, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, Tantawi, ME, Elgendy, IY, El-Jaafary, SI, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, VL, Ferede, TY, Fereshtehnejad, S-M, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, JL, Foigt, NA, Folayan, MO, Fomenkov, AA, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, MM, Gaidhane, AM, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, KB, Gebremeskel, GG, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, AA, Gesesew, HA, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, SA, Gnedovskaya, EV, Godinho, MA, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, PN, Gopalani, SV, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Gubari, MIM, Gugnani, HC, Guimarães, RA, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, JA, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, TG, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, BJ, Hamadeh, RR, Abdullah, KH, Hamidi, S, Handiso, DW, Hanif, A, Hankey, GJ, Haririan, H, Haro, JM, Hasaballah, AI, Hashi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Ho, HC, Hole, MK, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huda, TM, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B-F, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, SE, Ilesanmi, OS, Ilic, IM, Ilic, MD, Inbaraj, LR, Intarut, N, Iqbal, U, Irvani, SSN, Islam, MM, Islam, MS, Iso, H, Ivers, RQ, Jahani, MA, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Janodia, MD, Javaheri, T, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, RP, Jha, V, Ji, JS, Jonas, JB, Jones, KM, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, JJ, Juliusson, PB, Jürisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, LR, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Karimi, SE, Kaur, S, Kayode, GA, Keiyoro, PN, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khan, N, Khatab, K, Khater, MM, Khatib, MN, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaie, H, Khoja, AT, Kieling, C, Kim, Y-E, Kim, YJ, Kimokoti, RW, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimäki, M, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, GA, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, OP, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, DK, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Van Charles Lansingh, Larsson, AO, Lasrado, S, Lassi, ZS, Lauriola, P, Lee, PH, Lee, SWH, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M-C, Li, S, Lim, L-L, Lim, SS, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, PA, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, PW, Mahdavi, MM, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, DC, Mamun, AA, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, MA, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, FR, Mason-Jones, AJ, Masoumi, SZ, Mathur, MR, Maulik, PK, McGrath, JJ, Mehndiratta, MM, Mehri, F, Memiah, PTN, Mendoza, W, Menezes, RG, Mengesha, EW, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, TJ, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, IM, Miller, TR, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, EM, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, DK, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, SD, Mosapour, A, Khaneghah, AM, Mueller, UO, Muriithi, MK, Murray, CJL, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, AJ, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, MD, Nangia, V, Nayak, VC, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, RI, Netsere, HB, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, DN, Nguyen, HLT, Nie, J, Ningrum, DNA, Nnaji, CA, Nomura, S, Noubiap, JJ, Nowak, C, Nuñez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, FA, Oghenetega, OB, Oh, I-H, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, AT, Olusanya, BO, Olusanya, JO, Bali, AO, Omer, MO, Onwujekwe, OE, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, SS, Øverland, S, Owolabi, MO, Mahesh, PA, Padubidri, JR, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, CIA, Park, E-K, Patten, SB, Peden, AE, Pepito, VCF, Peprah, EK, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, HQ, Phillips, MR, Piradov, MA, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, MJ, Pottoo, FH, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, SI, Pupillo, E, Syed, ZQ, Rabiee, MH, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, MHU, Rahman, MA, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, CL, Rao, SJ, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, DL, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, AMN, Rezaei, N, Rezai, MS, Riahi, SM, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, GA, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, SF, Rwegerera, GM, Sabour, S, Sachdev, PS, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Moghaddam, SS, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, MA, Sajadi, SM, Salem, MR, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, AM, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, MM, Saraswathy, SYI, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, DC, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, SG, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, AA, Shaikh, MA, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, BSK, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, JI, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, ID, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, DAS, Silva, JP, Simonetti, B, Singh, JA, Singh, V, Sinke, AH, Skryabin, VY, Slater, H, Smith, EUR, Sobhiyeh, MR, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, OD, Sorrie, MB, Soyiri, IN, Sreeramareddy, CT, Stein, DJ, Stokes, MA, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabarés-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, SK, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, AT, Tareque, I, Thankappan, KR, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, MV, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, MR, Tran, BX, Travillian, RS, Tsai, AC, Tsatsakis, A, Car, LT, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Tahbaz, SV, Valdez, PR, Varughese, S, Vasankari, TJ, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, PJ, Violante, FS, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, GT, Waheed, Y, Wamai, RG, Wang, Y, Wang, Y-P, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, ND, Wu, A-M, Wu, C, Jabbari, SHY, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, YG, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S-J, Younis, MZ, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, SS, Bin Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, MS, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z-J, Zhao, X-JG, Zhu, C, Patton, GC, Viner, RM, Collaborators, GBD 2019 Adolescent Mortality, Ward, J. L., Azzopardi, P. S., Francis, K. L., Santelli, J. S., Skirbekk, V., Sawyer, S. M., Kassebaum, N. J., Mokdad, A. H., Hay, S. I., Abd-Allah, F., Abdoli, A., Abdollahi, M., Abedi, A., Abolhassani, H., Abreu, L. G., Abrigo, M. R. M., Abu-Gharbieh, E., Abushouk, A. I., Adebayo, O. M., Adekanmbi, V., Adham, D., Advani, S. M., Afshari, K., Agrawal, A., Ahmad, T., Ahmadi, K., Ahmed, A. E., Aji, B., Akombi-Inyang, B., Alahdab, F., Al-Aly, Z., Alam, K., Alanezi, F. M., Alanzi, T. M., Alcalde-Rabanal, J. E., Alemu, B. W., Al-Hajj, S., Alhassan, R. K., Ali, S., Alicandro, G., Alijanzadeh, M., Aljunid, S. M., Almasi-Hashiani, A., Almasri, N. A., Al-Mekhlafi, H. M., Alonso, J., Al-Raddadi, R. M., Altirkawi, K. A., Alvis-Guzman, N., Amare, A. T., Amini, S., Aminorroaya, A., Amit, A. M. L., Amugsi, D. A., Ancuceanu, R., Anderlini, D., Andrei, C. L., Androudi, S., Ansari, F., Ansari, I., Antonio, C. A. T., Anvari, D., Anwer, R., Appiah, S. C. Y., Arabloo, J., Arab-Zozani, M., Arnlov, J., Asaad, M., Asadi-Aliabadi, M., Asadi-Pooya, A. A., Atout, M. M. W., Ausloos, M., Avenyo, E. K., Avila-Burgos, L., Ayala Quintanilla, B. P., Ayano, G., Aynalem, Y. A., Azari, S., Azene, Z. N., Bakhshaei, M. H., Bakkannavar, S. M., Banach, M., Banik, P. C., Barboza, M. A., Barker-Collo, S. L., Barnighausen, T. W., Basu, S., Baune, B. T., Bayati, M., Bedi, N., Beghi, E., Bekuma, T. T., Bell, A. W., Bell, M. L., Benjet, C., Bensenor, I. M., Berhe, A. K., Berhe, K., Berman, A. E., Bhagavathula, A. S., Bhardwaj, N., Bhardwaj, P., Bhattacharyya, K., Bhattarai, S., Bhutta, Z. A., Bijani, A., Bikbov, B., Biondi, A., Birhanu, T. T. M., Biswas, R. K., Bohlouli, S., Bolla, S. R., Boloor, A., Borschmann, R., Boufous, S., Bragazzi, N. L., Braithwaite, D., Breitborde, N. J. K., Brenner, H., Britton, G. B., Burns, R. A., Burugina Nagaraja, S., Butt, Z. A., Caetano dos Santos, F. L., Camera, L. A., Campos-Nonato, I. R., Campuzano Rincon, J. C., Cardenas, R., Carreras, G., Carrero, J. J., Carvalho, F., Castaldelli-Maia, J. M., Castaneda-Orjuela, C. A., Castelpietra, G., Catala-Lopez, F., Cerin, E., Chandan, J. S., Chang, H. -Y., Chang, J. -C., Charan, J., Chattu, V. K., Chaturvedi, S., Choi, J. -Y. J., Chowdhury, M. A. K., Christopher, D. J., Chu, D. -T., Chung, M. T., Chung, S. -C., Cicuttini, F. M., Constantin, T. V., Costa, V. M., Dahlawi, S. M. A., Dai, H., Dai, X., Damiani, G., Dandona, L., Dandona, R., Daneshpajouhnejad, P., Darwesh, A. M., Davila-Cervantes, C. A., Davletov, K., De la Hoz, F. P., De Leo, D., Dervenis, N., Desai, R., Desalew, A., Deuba, K., Dharmaratne, S. D., Dhungana, G. P., Dianatinasab, M., Dias da Silva, D., Diaz, D., Didarloo, A., Djalalinia, S., Dorostkar, F., Doshi, C. P., Doshmangir, L., Doyle, K. E., Duraes, A. R., Ebrahimi Kalan, M., Ebtehaj, S., Edvardsson, D., El Tantawi, M., Elgendy, I. Y., El-Jaafary, S. I., Elsharkawy, A., Eshrati, B., Eskandarieh, S., Esmaeilnejad, S., Esmaeilzadeh, F., Esteghamati, S., Faro, A., Farzadfar, F., Fattahi, N., Feigin, V. L., Ferede, T. Y., Fereshtehnejad, S. -M., Fernandes, E., Ferrara, P., Filip, I., Fischer, F., Fisher, J. L., Foigt, N. A., Folayan, M. O., Fomenkov, A. A., Foroutan, M., Fukumoto, T., Gad, M. M., Gaidhane, A. M., Gallus, S., Gebre, T., Gebremedhin, K. B., Gebremeskel, G. G., Gebremeskel, L., Gebreslassie, A. A., Gesesew, H. A., Ghadiri, K., Ghafourifard, M., Ghamari, F., Ghashghaee, A., Gilani, S. A., Gnedovskaya, E. V., Godinho, M. A., Golechha, M., Goli, S., Gona, P. N., Gopalani, S. V., Gorini, G., Grivna, M., Gubari, M. I. M., Gugnani, H. C., Guimaraes, R. A., Guo, Y., Gupta, R., Haagsma, J. A., Hafezi-Nejad, N., Haile, T. G., Haj-Mirzaian, A., Hall, B. J., Hamadeh, R. R., Hamagharib Abdullah, K., Hamidi, S., Handiso, D. W., Hanif, A., Hankey, G. J., Haririan, H., Haro, J. M., Hasaballah, A. I., Hashi, A., Hassan, A., Hassanipour, S., Hassankhani, H., Hayat, K., Heidari-Soureshjani, R., Herteliu, C., Heydarpour, F., Ho, H. C., Hole, M. K., Holla, R., Hoogar, P., Hosseini, M., Hosseinzadeh, M., Hostiuc, M., Hostiuc, S., Househ, M., Hsairi, M., Huda, T. M., Humayun, A., Hussain, R., Hwang, B. -F., Iavicoli, I., Ibitoye, S. E., Ilesanmi, O. S., Ilic, I. M., Ilic, M. D., Inbaraj, L. R., Intarut, N., Iqbal, U., Irvani, S. S. N., Islam, M. M., Islam, S. M. S., Iso, H., Ivers, R. Q., Jahani, M. A., Jakovljevic, M., Jalali, A., Janodia, M. D., Javaheri, T., Jeemon, P., Jenabi, E., Jha, R. P., Jha, V., Ji, J. S., Jonas, J. B., Jones, K. M., Joukar, F., Jozwiak, J. J., Juliusson, P. B., Jurisson, M., Kabir, A., Kabir, Z., Kalankesh, L. R., Kalhor, R., Kamyari, N., Kanchan, T., Karch, A., Karimi, S. E., Kaur, S., Kayode, G. A., Keiyoro, P. N., Khalid, N., Khammarnia, M., Khan, M., Khan, M. N., Khatab, K., Khater, M. M., Khatib, M. N., Khayamzadeh, M., Khazaie, H., Khoja, A. T., Kieling, C., Kim, Y. -E., Kim, Y. J., Kimokoti, R. W., Kisa, A., Kisa, S., Kivimaki, M., Koolivand, A., Kosen, S., Koyanagi, A., Krishan, K., Kugbey, N., Kumar, G. A., Kumar, M., Kumar, N., Kurmi, O. P., Kusuma, D., La Vecchia, C., Lacey, B., Lal, D. K., Lalloo, R., Lan, Q., Landires, I., Lansingh, V. C., Larsson, A. O., Lasrado, S., Lassi, Z. S., Lauriola, P., Lee, P. H., Lee, S. W. H., Leigh, J., Leonardi, M., Leung, J., Levi, M., Lewycka, S., Li, B., Li, M. -C., Li, S., Lim, L. -L., Lim, S. S., Liu, X., Lorkowski, S., Lotufo, P. A., Lunevicius, R., Maddison, R., Mahasha, P. W., Mahdavi, M. M., Mahmoudi, M., Majeed, A., Maleki, A., Malekzadeh, R., Malta, D. C., Mamun, A. A., Mansouri, B., Mansournia, M. A., Martinez, G., Martinez-Raga, J., Martins-Melo, F. R., Mason-Jones, A. J., Masoumi, S. Z., Mathur, M. R., Maulik, P. K., Mcgrath, J. J., Mehndiratta, M. M., Mehri, F., Memiah, P. T. N., Mendoza, W., Menezes, R. G., Mengesha, E. W., Meretoja, A., Meretoja, T. J., Mestrovic, T., Miazgowski, B., Miazgowski, T., Michalek, I. M., Miller, T. R., Mini, G. K., Mirica, A., Mirrakhimov, E. M., Mirzaei, H., Mirzaei, M., Moazen, B., Mohammad, D. K., Mohammadi, S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A., Mohammadifard, N., Mohammadpourhodki, R., Mohammed, S., Monasta, L., Moradi, G., Moradi-Lakeh, M., Moradzadeh, R., Moraga, P., Morrison, S. D., Mosapour, A., Mousavi Khaneghah, A., Mueller, U. O., Muriithi, M. K., Murray, C. J. L., Muthupandian, S., Naderi, M., Nagarajan, A. J., Naghavi, M., Naimzada, M. D., Nangia, V., Nayak, V. C., Nazari, J., Ndejjo, R., Negoi, I., Negoi, R. I., Netsere, H. B., Nguefack-Tsague, G., Nguyen, D. N., Nguyen, H. L. T., Nie, J., Ningrum, D. N. A., Nnaji, C. A., Nomura, S., Noubiap, J. J., Nowak, C., Nunez-Samudio, V., Ogbo, F. A., Oghenetega, O. B., Oh, I. -H., Oladnabi, M., Olagunju, A. T., Olusanya, B. O., Olusanya, J. O., Omar Bali, A., Omer, M. O., Onwujekwe, O. E., Ortiz, A., Otoiu, A., Otstavnov, N., Otstavnov, S. S., Overland, S., Owolabi, M. O., P A, M., Padubidri, J. R., Pakshir, K., Palladino, R., Pana, A., Panda-Jonas, S., Pandey, A., Panelo, C. I. A., Park, E. -K., Patten, S. B., Peden, A. E., Pepito, V. C. F., Peprah, E. K., Pereira, J., Pesudovs, K., Pham, H. Q., Phillips, M. R., Piradov, M. A., Pirsaheb, M., Postma, M. J., Pottoo, F. H., Pourjafar, H., Pourshams, A., Prada, S. I., Pupillo, E., Quazi Syed, Z., Rabiee, M. H., Rabiee, N., Radfar, A., Rafiee, A., Raggi, A., Rahim, F., Rahimi-Movaghar, V., Rahman, M. H. U., Rahman, M. A., Ramezanzadeh, K., Ranabhat, C. L., Rao, S. J., Rashedi, V., Rastogi, P., Rathi, P., Rawaf, D. L., Rawaf, S., Rawal, L., Rawassizadeh, R., Renzaho, A. M. N., Rezaei, N., Rezai, M. S., Riahi, S. M., Rickard, J., Roever, L., Ronfani, L., Roth, G. A., Rubagotti, E., Rumisha, S. F., Rwegerera, G. M., Sabour, S., Sachdev, P. S., Saddik, B., Sadeghi, E., Saeedi Moghaddam, S., Sagar, R., Sahebkar, A., Sahraian, M. A., Sajadi, S. M., Salem, M. R., Salimzadeh, H., Samy, A. M., Sanabria, J., Santric-Milicevic, M. M., Saraswathy, S. Y. I., Sarrafzadegan, N., Sarveazad, A., Sathish, T., Sattin, D., Saxena, D., Saxena, S., Schiavolin, S., Schwebel, D. C., Schwendicke, F., Senthilkumaran, S., Sepanlou, S. G., Sha, F., Shafaat, O., Shahabi, S., Shaheen, A. A., Shaikh, M. A., Shakiba, S., Shamsi, M., Shannawaz, M., Sharafi, K., Sheikh, A., Sheikhbahaei, S., Shetty, B. S. K., Shi, P., Shigematsu, M., Shin, J. I., Shiri, R., Shuval, K., Siabani, S., Sigfusdottir, I. D., Sigurvinsdottir, R., Silva, D. A. S., Silva, J. P., Simonetti, B., Singh, J. A., Singh, V., Sinke, A. H., Skryabin, V. Y., Slater, H., Smith, E. U. R., Sobhiyeh, M. R., Sobngwi, E., Soheili, A., Somefun, O. D., Sorrie, M. B., Soyiri, I. N., Sreeramareddy, C. T., Stein, D. J., Stokes, M. A., Sudaryanto, A., Sultan, I., Tabares-Seisdedos, R., Tabuchi, T., Tadakamadla, S. K., Taherkhani, A., Tamiru, A. T., Tareque, M. I., Thankappan, K. R., Thapar, R., Thomas, N., Titova, M. V., Tonelli, M., Tovani-Palone, M. R., Tran, B. X., Travillian, R. S., Tsai, A. C., Tsatsakis, A., Tudor Car, L., Uddin, R., Unim, B., Unnikrishnan, B., Upadhyay, E., Vacante, M., Valadan Tahbaz, S., Valdez, P. R., Varughese, S., Vasankari, T. J., Venketasubramanian, N., Villeneuve, P. J., Violante, F. S., Vlassov, V., Vos, T., Vu, G. T., Waheed, Y., Wamai, R. G., Wang, Y., Wang, Y. -P., Westerman, R., Wickramasinghe, N. D., Wu, A. -M., Wu, C., Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S. H., Yamagishi, K., Yano, Y., Yaya, S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V., Yeshitila, Y. G., Yip, P., Yonemoto, N., Yoon, S. -J., Younis, M. Z., Yousefinezhadi, T., Yu, C., Yu, Y., Yuce, D., Zaidi, S. S., Zaman, S. B., Zamani, M., Zamanian, M., Zarafshan, H., Zarei, A., Zastrozhin, M. S., Zhang, Y., Zhang, Z. -J., Zhao, X. -J. G., Zhu, C., Patton, G. C., Viner, R. M., Value, Affordability and Sustainability (VALUE), Real World Studies in PharmacoEpidemiology, -Genetics, -Economics and -Therapy (PEGET), Microbes in Health and Disease (MHD), Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, Ward J.L., Azzopardi P.S., Francis K.L., Santelli J.S., Skirbekk V., Sawyer S.M., Kassebaum N.J., Mokdad A.H., Hay S.I., Abd-Allah F., Abdoli A., Abdollahi M., Abedi A., Abolhassani H., Abreu L.G., Abrigo M.R.M., Abu-Gharbieh E., Abushouk A.I., Adebayo O.M., Adekanmbi V., Adham D., Advani S.M., Afshari K., Agrawal A., Ahmad T., Ahmadi K., Ahmed A.E., Aji B., Akombi-Inyang B., Alahdab F., Al-Aly Z., Alam K., Alanezi F.M., Alanzi T.M., Alcalde-Rabanal J.E., Alemu B.W., Al-Hajj S., Alhassan R.K., Ali S., Alicandro G., Alijanzadeh M., Aljunid S.M., Almasi-Hashiani A., Almasri N.A., Al-Mekhlafi H.M., Alonso J., Al-Raddadi R.M., Altirkawi K.A., Alvis-Guzman N., Amare A.T., Amini S., Aminorroaya A., Amit A.M.L., Amugsi D.A., Ancuceanu R., Anderlini D., Andrei C.L., Androudi S., Ansari F., Ansari I., Antonio C.A.T., Anvari D., Anwer R., Appiah S.C.Y., Arabloo J., Arab-Zozani M., Arnlov J., Asaad M., Asadi-Aliabadi M., Asadi-Pooya A.A., Atout M.M.W., Ausloos M., Avenyo E.K., Avila-Burgos L., Ayala Quintanilla B.P., Ayano G., Aynalem Y.A., Azari S., Azene Z.N., Bakhshaei M.H., Bakkannavar S.M., Banach M., Banik P.C., Barboza M.A., Barker-Collo S.L., Barnighausen T.W., Basu S., Baune B.T., Bayati M., Bedi N., Beghi E., Bekuma T.T., Bell A.W., Bell M.L., Benjet C., Bensenor I.M., Berhe A.K., Berhe K., Berman A.E., Bhagavathula A.S., Bhardwaj N., Bhardwaj P., Bhattacharyya K., Bhattarai S., Bhutta Z.A., Bijani A., Bikbov B., Biondi A., Birhanu T.T.M., Biswas R.K., Bohlouli S., Bolla S.R., Boloor A., Borschmann R., Boufous S., Bragazzi N.L., Braithwaite D., Breitborde N.J.K., Brenner H., Britton G.B., Burns R.A., Burugina Nagaraja S., Butt Z.A., Caetano dos Santos F.L., Camera L.A., Campos-Nonato I.R., Campuzano Rincon J.C., Cardenas R., Carreras G., Carrero J.J., Carvalho F., Castaldelli-Maia J.M., Castaneda-Orjuela C.A., Castelpietra G., Catala-Lopez F., Cerin E., Chandan J.S., Chang H.-Y., Chang J.-C., Charan J., Chattu V.K., Chaturvedi S., Choi J.-Y.J., Chowdhury M.A.K., Christopher D.J., Chu D.-T., Chung M.T., Chung S.-C., Cicuttini F.M., Constantin T.V., Costa V.M., Dahlawi S.M.A., Dai H., Dai X., Damiani G., Dandona L., Dandona R., Daneshpajouhnejad P., Darwesh A.M., Davila-Cervantes C.A., Davletov K., De la Hoz F.P., De Leo D., Dervenis N., Desai R., Desalew A., Deuba K., Dharmaratne S.D., Dhungana G.P., Dianatinasab M., Dias da Silva D., Diaz D., Didarloo A., Djalalinia S., Dorostkar F., Doshi C.P., Doshmangir L., Doyle K.E., Duraes A.R., Ebrahimi Kalan M., Ebtehaj S., Edvardsson D., El Tantawi M., Elgendy I.Y., El-Jaafary S.I., Elsharkawy A., Eshrati B., Eskandarieh S., Esmaeilnejad S., Esmaeilzadeh F., Esteghamati S., Faro A., Farzadfar F., Fattahi N., Feigin V.L., Ferede T.Y., Fereshtehnejad S.-M., Fernandes E., Ferrara P., Filip I., Fischer F., Fisher J.L., Foigt N.A., Folayan M.O., Fomenkov A.A., Foroutan M., Fukumoto T., Gad M.M., Gaidhane A.M., Gallus S., Gebre T., Gebremedhin K.B., Gebremeskel G.G., Gebremeskel L., Gebreslassie A.A., Gesesew H.A., Ghadiri K., Ghafourifard M., Ghamari F., Ghashghaee A., Gilani S.A., Gnedovskaya E.V., Godinho M.A., Golechha M., Goli S., Gona P.N., Gopalani S.V., Gorini G., Grivna M., Gubari M.I.M., Gugnani H.C., Guimaraes R.A., Guo Y., Gupta R., Haagsma J.A., Hafezi-Nejad N., Haile T.G., Haj-Mirzaian A., Hall B.J., Hamadeh R.R., Hamagharib Abdullah K., Hamidi S., Handiso D.W., Hanif A., Hankey G.J., Haririan H., Haro J.M., Hasaballah A.I., Hashi A., Hassan A., Hassanipour S., Hassankhani H., Hayat K., Heidari-Soureshjani R., Herteliu C., Heydarpour F., Ho H.C., Hole M.K., Holla R., Hoogar P., Hosseini M., Hosseinzadeh M., Hostiuc M., Hostiuc S., Househ M., Hsairi M., Huda T.M., Humayun A., Hussain R., Hwang B.-F., Iavicoli I., Ibitoye S.E., Ilesanmi O.S., Ilic I.M., Ilic M.D., Inbaraj L.R., Intarut N., Iqbal U., Irvani S.S.N., Islam M.M., Islam S.M.S., Iso H., Ivers R.Q., Jahani M.A., Jakovljevic M., Jalali A., Janodia M.D., Javaheri T., Jeemon P., Jenabi E., Jha R.P., Jha V., Ji J.S., Jonas J.B., Jones K.M., Joukar F., Jozwiak J.J., Juliusson P.B., Jurisson M., Kabir A., Kabir Z., Kalankesh L.R., Kalhor R., Kamyari N., Kanchan T., Karch A., Karimi S.E., Kaur S., Kayode G.A., Keiyoro P.N., Khalid N., Khammarnia M., Khan M., Khan M.N., Khatab K., Khater M.M., Khatib M.N., Khayamzadeh M., Khazaie H., Khoja A.T., Kieling C., Kim Y.-E., Kim Y.J., Kimokoti R.W., Kisa A., Kisa S., Kivimaki M., Koolivand A., Kosen S., Koyanagi A., Krishan K., Kugbey N., Kumar G.A., Kumar M., Kumar N., Kurmi O.P., Kusuma D., La Vecchia C., Lacey B., Lal D.K., Lalloo R., Lan Q., Landires I., Lansingh V.C., Larsson A.O., Lasrado S., Lassi Z.S., Lauriola P., Lee P.H., Lee S.W.H., Leigh J., Leonardi M., Leung J., Levi M., Lewycka S., Li B., Li M.-C., Li S., Lim L.-L., Lim S.S., Liu X., Lorkowski S., Lotufo P.A., Lunevicius R., Maddison R., Mahasha P.W., Mahdavi M.M., Mahmoudi M., Majeed A., Maleki A., Malekzadeh R., Malta D.C., Mamun A.A., Mansouri B., Mansournia M.A., Martinez G., Martinez-Raga J., Martins-Melo F.R., Mason-Jones A.J., Masoumi S.Z., Mathur M.R., Maulik P.K., McGrath J.J., Mehndiratta M.M., Mehri F., Memiah P.T.N., Mendoza W., Menezes R.G., Mengesha E.W., Meretoja A., Meretoja T.J., Mestrovic T., Miazgowski B., Miazgowski T., Michalek I.M., Miller T.R., Mini G.K., Mirica A., Mirrakhimov E.M., Mirzaei H., Mirzaei M., Moazen B., Mohammad D.K., Mohammadi S., Mohammadian-Hafshejani A., Mohammadifard N., Mohammadpourhodki R., Mohammed S., Monasta L., Moradi G., Moradi-Lakeh M., Moradzadeh R., Moraga P., Morrison S.D., Mosapour A., Mousavi Khaneghah A., Mueller U.O., Muriithi M.K., Murray C.J.L., Muthupandian S., Naderi M., Nagarajan A.J., Naghavi M., Naimzada M.D., Nangia V., Nayak V.C., Nazari J., Ndejjo R., Negoi I., Negoi R.I., Netsere H.B., Nguefack-Tsague G., Nguyen D.N., Nguyen H.L.T., Nie J., Ningrum D.N.A., Nnaji C.A., Nomura S., Noubiap J.J., Nowak C., Nunez-Samudio V., Ogbo F.A., Oghenetega O.B., Oh I.-H., Oladnabi M., Olagunju A.T., Olusanya B.O., Olusanya J.O., Omar Bali A., Omer M.O., Onwujekwe O.E., Ortiz A., Otoiu A., Otstavnov N., Otstavnov S.S., Overland S., Owolabi M.O., P A M., Padubidri J.R., Pakshir K., Palladino R., Pana A., Panda-Jonas S., Pandey A., Panelo C.I.A., Park E.-K., Patten S.B., Peden A.E., Pepito V.C.F., Peprah E.K., Pereira J., Pesudovs K., Pham H.Q., Phillips M.R., Piradov M.A., Pirsaheb M., Postma M.J., Pottoo F.H., Pourjafar H., Pourshams A., Prada S.I., Pupillo E., Quazi Syed Z., Rabiee M.H., Rabiee N., Radfar A., Rafiee A., Raggi A., Rahim F., Rahimi-Movaghar V., Rahman M.H.U., Rahman M.A., Ramezanzadeh K., Ranabhat C.L., Rao S.J., Rashedi V., Rastogi P., Rathi P., Rawaf D.L., Rawaf S., Rawal L., Rawassizadeh R., Renzaho A.M.N., Rezaei N., Rezai M.S., Riahi S.M., Rickard J., Roever L., Ronfani L., Roth G.A., Rubagotti E., Rumisha S.F., Rwegerera G.M., Sabour S., Sachdev P.S., Saddik B., Sadeghi E., Saeedi Moghaddam S., Sagar R., Sahebkar A., Sahraian M.A., Sajadi S.M., Salem M.R., Salimzadeh H., Samy A.M., Sanabria J., Santric-Milicevic M.M., Saraswathy S.Y.I., Sarrafzadegan N., Sarveazad A., Sathish T., Sattin D., Saxena D., Saxena S., Schiavolin S., Schwebel D.C., Schwendicke F., Senthilkumaran S., Sepanlou S.G., Sha F., Shafaat O., Shahabi S., Shaheen A.A., Shaikh M.A., Shakiba S., Shamsi M., Shannawaz M., Sharafi K., Sheikh A., Sheikhbahaei S., Shetty B.S.K., Shi P., Shigematsu M., Shin J.I., Shiri R., Shuval K., Siabani S., Sigfusdottir I.D., Sigurvinsdottir R., Silva D.A.S., Silva J.P., Simonetti B., Singh J.A., Singh V., Sinke A.H., Skryabin V.Y., Slater H., Smith E.U.R., Sobhiyeh M.R., Sobngwi E., Soheili A., Somefun O.D., Sorrie M.B., Soyiri I.N., Sreeramareddy C.T., Stein D.J., Stokes M.A., Sudaryanto A., Sultan I., Tabares-Seisdedos R., Tabuchi T., Tadakamadla S.K., Taherkhani A., Tamiru A.T., Tareque M.I., Thankappan K.R., Thapar R., Thomas N., Titova M.V., Tonelli M., Tovani-Palone M.R., Tran B.X., Travillian R.S., Tsai A.C., Tsatsakis A., Tudor Car L., Uddin R., Unim B., Unnikrishnan B., Upadhyay E., Vacante M., Valadan Tahbaz S., Valdez P.R., Varughese S., Vasankari T.J., Venketasubramanian N., Villeneuve P.J., Violante F.S., Vlassov V., Vos T., Vu G.T., Waheed Y., Wamai R.G., Wang Y., Wang Y.-P., Westerman R., Wickramasinghe N.D., Wu A.-M., Wu C., Yahyazadeh Jabbari S.H., Yamagishi K., Yano Y., Yaya S., Yazdi-Feyzabadi V., Yeshitila Y.G., Yip P., Yonemoto N., Yoon S.-J., Younis M.Z., Yousefinezhadi T., Yu C., Yu Y., Yuce D., Zaidi S.S., Zaman S.B., Zamani M., Zamanian M., Zarafshan H., Zarei A., Zastrozhin M.S., Zhang Y., Zhang Z.-J., Zhao X.-J.G., Zhu C., Patton G.C., Viner R.M., Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine (LKCMedicine), Ward, J, Azzopardi, P, Francis, K, Santelli, J, Skirbekk, V, Sawyer, S, Kassebaum, N, Mokdad, A, Hay, S, Abd-Allah, F, Abdoli, A, Abdollahi, M, Abedi, A, Abolhassani, H, Abreu, L, Abrigo, M, Abu-Gharbieh, E, Abushouk, A, Adebayo, O, Adekanmbi, V, Adham, D, Advani, S, Afshari, K, Agrawal, A, Ahmad, T, Ahmadi, K, Ahmed, A, Aji, B, Akombi-Inyang, B, Alahdab, F, Al-Aly, Z, Alam, K, Alanezi, F, Alanzi, T, Alcalde-Rabanal, J, Alemu, B, Al-Hajj, S, Alhassan, R, Ali, S, Alicandro, G, Alijanzadeh, M, Aljunid, S, Almasi-Hashiani, A, Almasri, N, Al-Mekhlafi, H, Alonso, J, Al-Raddadi, R, Altirkawi, K, Alvis-Guzman, N, Amare, A, Amini, S, Aminorroaya, A, Amit, A, Amugsi, D, Ancuceanu, R, Anderlini, D, Andrei, C, Androudi, S, Ansari, F, Ansari, I, Antonio, C, Anvari, D, Anwer, R, Appiah, S, Arabloo, J, Arab-Zozani, M, Arnlov, J, Asaad, M, Asadi-Aliabadi, M, Asadi-Pooya, A, Atout, M, Ausloos, M, Avenyo, E, Avila-Burgos, L, Ayala Quintanilla, B, Ayano, G, Aynalem, Y, Azari, S, Azene, Z, Bakhshaei, M, Bakkannavar, S, Banach, M, Banik, P, Barboza, M, Barker-Collo, S, Barnighausen, T, Basu, S, Baune, B, Bayati, M, Bedi, N, Beghi, E, Bekuma, T, Bell, A, Bell, M, Benjet, C, Bensenor, I, Berhe, A, Berhe, K, Berman, A, Bhagavathula, A, Bhardwaj, N, Bhardwaj, P, Bhattacharyya, K, Bhattarai, S, Bhutta, Z, Bijani, A, Bikbov, B, Biondi, A, Birhanu, T, Biswas, R, Bohlouli, S, Bolla, S, Boloor, A, Borschmann, R, Boufous, S, Bragazzi, N, Braithwaite, D, Breitborde, N, Brenner, H, Britton, G, Burns, R, Burugina Nagaraja, S, Butt, Z, Caetano dos Santos, F, Camera, L, Campos-Nonato, I, Campuzano Rincon, J, Cardenas, R, Carreras, G, Carrero, J, Carvalho, F, Castaldelli-Maia, J, Castaneda-Orjuela, C, Castelpietra, G, Catala-Lopez, F, Cerin, E, Chandan, J, Chang, H, Chang, J, Charan, J, Chattu, V, Chaturvedi, S, Choi, J, Chowdhury, M, Christopher, D, Chu, D, Chung, M, Chung, S, Cicuttini, F, Constantin, T, Costa, V, Dahlawi, S, Dai, H, Dai, X, Damiani, G, Dandona, L, Dandona, R, Daneshpajouhnejad, P, Darwesh, A, Davila-Cervantes, C, Davletov, K, De la Hoz, F, De Leo, D, Dervenis, N, Desai, R, Desalew, A, Deuba, K, Dharmaratne, S, Dhungana, G, Dianatinasab, M, Dias da Silva, D, Diaz, D, Didarloo, A, Djalalinia, S, Dorostkar, F, Doshi, C, Doshmangir, L, Doyle, K, Duraes, A, Ebrahimi Kalan, M, Ebtehaj, S, Edvardsson, D, El Tantawi, M, Elgendy, I, El-Jaafary, S, Elsharkawy, A, Eshrati, B, Eskandarieh, S, Esmaeilnejad, S, Esmaeilzadeh, F, Esteghamati, S, Faro, A, Farzadfar, F, Fattahi, N, Feigin, V, Ferede, T, Fereshtehnejad, S, Fernandes, E, Ferrara, P, Filip, I, Fischer, F, Fisher, J, Foigt, N, Folayan, M, Fomenkov, A, Foroutan, M, Fukumoto, T, Gad, M, Gaidhane, A, Gallus, S, Gebre, T, Gebremedhin, K, Gebremeskel, G, Gebremeskel, L, Gebreslassie, A, Gesesew, H, Ghadiri, K, Ghafourifard, M, Ghamari, F, Ghashghaee, A, Gilani, S, Gnedovskaya, E, Godinho, M, Golechha, M, Goli, S, Gona, P, Gopalani, S, Gorini, G, Grivna, M, Gubari, M, Gugnani, H, Guimaraes, R, Guo, Y, Gupta, R, Haagsma, J, Hafezi-Nejad, N, Haile, T, Haj-Mirzaian, A, Hall, B, Hamadeh, R, Hamagharib Abdullah, K, Hamidi, S, Handiso, D, Hanif, A, Hankey, G, Haririan, H, Haro, J, Hasaballah, A, Hashi, A, Hassan, A, Hassanipour, S, Hassankhani, H, Hayat, K, Heidari-Soureshjani, R, Herteliu, C, Heydarpour, F, Ho, H, Hole, M, Holla, R, Hoogar, P, Hosseini, M, Hosseinzadeh, M, Hostiuc, M, Hostiuc, S, Househ, M, Hsairi, M, Huda, T, Humayun, A, Hussain, R, Hwang, B, Iavicoli, I, Ibitoye, S, Ilesanmi, O, Ilic, I, Ilic, M, Inbaraj, L, Intarut, N, Iqbal, U, Irvani, S, Islam, M, Islam, S, Iso, H, Ivers, R, Jahani, M, Jakovljevic, M, Jalali, A, Janodia, M, Javaheri, T, Jeemon, P, Jenabi, E, Jha, R, Jha, V, Ji, J, Jonas, J, Jones, K, Joukar, F, Jozwiak, J, Juliusson, P, Jurisson, M, Kabir, A, Kabir, Z, Kalankesh, L, Kalhor, R, Kamyari, N, Kanchan, T, Karch, A, Karimi, S, Kaur, S, Kayode, G, Keiyoro, P, Khalid, N, Khammarnia, M, Khan, M, Khatab, K, Khater, M, Khatib, M, Khayamzadeh, M, Khazaie, H, Khoja, A, Kieling, C, Kim, Y, Kimokoti, R, Kisa, A, Kisa, S, Kivimaki, M, Koolivand, A, Kosen, S, Koyanagi, A, Krishan, K, Kugbey, N, Kumar, G, Kumar, M, Kumar, N, Kurmi, O, Kusuma, D, La Vecchia, C, Lacey, B, Lal, D, Lalloo, R, Lan, Q, Landires, I, Lansingh, V, Larsson, A, Lasrado, S, Lassi, Z, Lauriola, P, Lee, P, Lee, S, Leigh, J, Leonardi, M, Leung, J, Levi, M, Lewycka, S, Li, B, Li, M, Li, S, Lim, L, Lim, S, Liu, X, Lorkowski, S, Lotufo, P, Lunevicius, R, Maddison, R, Mahasha, P, Mahdavi, M, Mahmoudi, M, Majeed, A, Maleki, A, Malekzadeh, R, Malta, D, Mamun, A, Mansouri, B, Mansournia, M, Martinez, G, Martinez-Raga, J, Martins-Melo, F, Mason-Jones, A, Masoumi, S, Mathur, M, Maulik, P, Mcgrath, J, Mehndiratta, M, Mehri, F, Memiah, P, Mendoza, W, Menezes, R, Mengesha, E, Meretoja, A, Meretoja, T, Mestrovic, T, Miazgowski, B, Miazgowski, T, Michalek, I, Miller, T, Mini, G, Mirica, A, Mirrakhimov, E, Mirzaei, H, Mirzaei, M, Moazen, B, Mohammad, D, Mohammadi, S, Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A, Mohammadifard, N, Mohammadpourhodki, R, Mohammed, S, Monasta, L, Moradi, G, Moradi-Lakeh, M, Moradzadeh, R, Moraga, P, Morrison, S, Mosapour, A, Mousavi Khaneghah, A, Mueller, U, Muriithi, M, Murray, C, Muthupandian, S, Naderi, M, Nagarajan, A, Naghavi, M, Naimzada, M, Nangia, V, Nayak, V, Nazari, J, Ndejjo, R, Negoi, I, Negoi, R, Netsere, H, Nguefack-Tsague, G, Nguyen, D, Nguyen, H, Nie, J, Ningrum, D, Nnaji, C, Nomura, S, Noubiap, J, Nowak, C, Nunez-Samudio, V, Ogbo, F, Oghenetega, O, Oh, I, Oladnabi, M, Olagunju, A, Olusanya, B, Olusanya, J, Omar Bali, A, Omer, M, Onwujekwe, O, Ortiz, A, Otoiu, A, Otstavnov, N, Otstavnov, S, Overland, S, Owolabi, M, P A, M, Padubidri, J, Pakshir, K, Palladino, R, Pana, A, Panda-Jonas, S, Pandey, A, Panelo, C, Park, E, Patten, S, Peden, A, Pepito, V, Peprah, E, Pereira, J, Pesudovs, K, Pham, H, Phillips, M, Piradov, M, Pirsaheb, M, Postma, M, Pottoo, F, Pourjafar, H, Pourshams, A, Prada, S, Pupillo, E, Quazi Syed, Z, Rabiee, M, Rabiee, N, Radfar, A, Rafiee, A, Raggi, A, Rahim, F, Rahimi-Movaghar, V, Rahman, M, Ramezanzadeh, K, Ranabhat, C, Rao, S, Rashedi, V, Rastogi, P, Rathi, P, Rawaf, D, Rawaf, S, Rawal, L, Rawassizadeh, R, Renzaho, A, Rezaei, N, Rezai, M, Riahi, S, Rickard, J, Roever, L, Ronfani, L, Roth, G, Rubagotti, E, Rumisha, S, Rwegerera, G, Sabour, S, Sachdev, P, Saddik, B, Sadeghi, E, Saeedi Moghaddam, S, Sagar, R, Sahebkar, A, Sahraian, M, Sajadi, S, Salem, M, Salimzadeh, H, Samy, A, Sanabria, J, Santric-Milicevic, M, Saraswathy, S, Sarrafzadegan, N, Sarveazad, A, Sathish, T, Sattin, D, Saxena, D, Saxena, S, Schiavolin, S, Schwebel, D, Schwendicke, F, Senthilkumaran, S, Sepanlou, S, Sha, F, Shafaat, O, Shahabi, S, Shaheen, A, Shaikh, M, Shakiba, S, Shamsi, M, Shannawaz, M, Sharafi, K, Sheikh, A, Sheikhbahaei, S, Shetty, B, Shi, P, Shigematsu, M, Shin, J, Shiri, R, Shuval, K, Siabani, S, Sigfusdottir, I, Sigurvinsdottir, R, Silva, D, Silva, J, Simonetti, B, Singh, J, Singh, V, Sinke, A, Skryabin, V, Slater, H, Smith, E, Sobhiyeh, M, Sobngwi, E, Soheili, A, Somefun, O, Sorrie, M, Soyiri, I, Sreeramareddy, C, Stein, D, Stokes, M, Sudaryanto, A, Sultan, I, Tabares-Seisdedos, R, Tabuchi, T, Tadakamadla, S, Taherkhani, A, Tamiru, A, Tareque, M, Thankappan, K, Thapar, R, Thomas, N, Titova, M, Tonelli, M, Tovani-Palone, M, Tran, B, Travillian, R, Tsai, A, Tsatsakis, A, Tudor Car, L, Uddin, R, Unim, B, Unnikrishnan, B, Upadhyay, E, Vacante, M, Valadan Tahbaz, S, Valdez, P, Varughese, S, Vasankari, T, Venketasubramanian, N, Villeneuve, P, Violante, F, Vlassov, V, Vos, T, Vu, G, Waheed, Y, Wamai, R, Wang, Y, Westerman, R, Wickramasinghe, N, Wu, A, Wu, C, Yahyazadeh Jabbari, S, Yamagishi, K, Yano, Y, Yaya, S, Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V, Yeshitila, Y, Yip, P, Yonemoto, N, Yoon, S, Younis, M, Yousefinezhadi, T, Yu, C, Yu, Y, Yuce, D, Zaidi, S, Zaman, S, Zamani, M, Zamanian, M, Zarafshan, H, Zarei, A, Zastrozhin, M, Zhang, Y, Zhang, Z, Zhao, X, Zhu, C, Patton, G, and Viner, R

Subjects
Male, Joves -- Mortalitat, ADOLESCENT HEALTH, CHILDREN, Socioeconomic Factor, Global Burden of Disease, RA0421, Cause of Death, Medicine, Young adult, Child, 11 Medical and Health Sciences, Cause of death, education.field_of_study, Adolescent, Age Distribution, Female, Humans, Mortality, Sex Distribution, Socioeconomic Factors, Young Adult, Mortality rate, Public Health, Global Health, Social Medicine and Epidemiology, General Medicine, Articles, Hälsovetenskaper, MIDDLE-INCOME, MENTAL-HEALTH, Adolescent health, INTERVENTIONS, Human, SUICIDE, Total fertility rate, Population, Adolescent Health, Adolescents -- Mortalitat, General & Internal Medicine, Health Sciences, QUALITY, Medicine [Science], Social determinants of health, INCOME COUNTRIES, education, business.industry, TRENDS, Folkhälsovetenskap, global hälsa, socialmedicin och epidemiologi, Years of potential life lost, INJURIES, business, Demography
Abstract

Background Documentation of patterns and long-term trends in mortality in young people, which reflect huge changes in demographic and social determinants of adolescent health, enables identification of global investment priorities for this age group. We aimed to analyse data on the number of deaths, years of life lost, and mortality rates by sex and age group in people aged 10–24 years in 204 countries and territories from 1950 to 2019 by use of estimates from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019. Methods We report trends in estimated total numbers of deaths and mortality rate per 100 000 population in young people aged 10–24 years by age group (10–14 years, 15–19 years, and 20–24 years) and sex in 204 countries and territories between 1950 and 2019 for all causes, and between 1980 and 2019 by cause of death. We analyse variation in outcomes by region, age group, and sex, and compare annual rate of change in mortality in young people aged 10–24 years with that in children aged 0–9 years from 1990 to 2019. We then analyse the association between mortality in people aged 10–24 years and socioeconomic development using the GBD Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite measure based on average national educational attainment in people older than 15 years, total fertility rate in people younger than 25 years, and income per capita. We assess the association between SDI and all-cause mortality in 2019, and analyse the ratio of observed to expected mortality by SDI using the most recent available data release (2017). Findings In 2019 there were 1·49 million deaths (95% uncertainty interval 1·39–1·59) worldwide in people aged 10–24 years, of which 61% occurred in males. 32·7% of all adolescent deaths were due to transport injuries, unintentional injuries, or interpersonal violence and conflict; 32·1% were due to communicable, nutritional, or maternal causes; 27·0% were due to non-communicable diseases; and 8·2% were due to self-harm. Since 1950, deaths in this age group decreased by 30·0% in females and 15·3% in males, and sex-based differences in mortality rate have widened in most regions of the world. Geographical variation has also increased, particularly in people aged 10–14 years. Since 1980, communicable and maternal causes of death have decreased sharply as a proportion of total deaths in most GBD super-regions, but remain some of the most common causes in sub-Saharan Africa and south Asia, where more than half of all adolescent deaths occur. Annual percentage decrease in all-cause mortality rate since 1990 in adolescents aged 15–19 years was 1·3% in males and 1·6% in females, almost half that of males aged 1–4 years (2·4%), and around a third less than in females aged 1–4 years (2·5%). The proportion of global deaths in people aged 0–24 years that occurred in people aged 10–24 years more than doubled between 1950 and 2019, from 9·5% to 21·6%. Interpretation Variation in adolescent mortality between countries and by sex is widening, driven by poor progress in reducing deaths in males and older adolescents. Improving global adolescent mortality will require action to address the specific vulnerabilities of this age group, which are being overlooked. Furthermore, indirect effects of the COVID-19 pandemic are likely to jeopardise efforts to improve health outcomes including mortality in young people aged 10–24 years. There is an urgent need to respond to the changing global burden of adolescent mortality, address inequities where they occur, and improve the availability and quality of primary mortality data in this age group. Funding Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation.

Published
2021

45. Multi-gas source localization and mapping by flocking robots

Author

Tran, VP ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-6914, Garratt, MA ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-430X, Kasmarik, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-0474, Anavatti, SG, Leong, AS, Zamani, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-7132, Tran, VP ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4296-6914, Garratt, MA ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0222-430X, Kasmarik, K ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7187-0474, Anavatti, SG, Leong, AS, and Zamani, M ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-7132

Abstract

Multi-Gas source localization and mapping is a challenging problem because multiple measurements must be taken to ensure accurate localization. This paper presents a novel flocking control strategy for multi-robot exploration and gas field mapping to address this problem. The algorithm includes an active sensing mechanism for driving a flock of agents towards target measurement locations that optimize the posterior probability density and a collaborative sequential Monte Carlo information fusion approach for estimating gas fields. We tested the performance of our system on Jackal mobile robots in a chemical leak scenario with two gas leakage sources. Through a series of comparison experiments, we demonstrate that our proposed strategy has superior performance to recent single-agent and centralized sequential Monte Carlo-based gas concentration mapping in terms of the estimate accuracy, the convergence time, and the mapping error.

Published
2023

46. Ultrasonically Powered and Controlled Microsystem for Dual-Wavelength Optogenetics with a Multi-Load Regulation Scheme

Author

Rashidi, A. (author), Zamani, M. (author), Mondal, Tanmay (author), Hosseini, Seyedsina (author), Laursen, Kjeld (author), Corbet, Brian (author), Moradi, Farshad (author), Rashidi, A. (author), Zamani, M. (author), Mondal, Tanmay (author), Hosseini, Seyedsina (author), Laursen, Kjeld (author), Corbet, Brian (author), and Moradi, Farshad (author)

Abstract

This letter presents an ultrasonically powered dual-wavelength optogenetic device that targets simultaneous excitation and inhibition of neural activities, or in a broader sense, optical stimulation in two distinct wavelengths for targeting different populations of neurons. This can be applied to a variety of neurological disorders. The device features a load regulator circuit that shares the available power budget between two LEDs in a power-efficient and controlled way suppressing the need for adaptive matching and overvoltage protection circuits. Furthermore, the regulator circuit is capable of detecting power burst availability on the device and generating a control signal, accordingly. For 5.25 -mW acoustic power at the device's surface, the rectified voltage, and the total current load of the system are regulated to 2.79 V and 600A , respectively. The maximum chip and device efficiencies of 92.5% and 31.8% are measured, respectively. The total die area in 180- nm CMOS technology nose and the estimated system volume are 0.16/2 and 0.572/3 , respectively., Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public., Bio-Electronics

Published
2023
Full Text
View/download PDF

47. Generalization of Condition (PW P).

Author

Zamani, M. R., Saany, H. Mohammadzadeh, and Rezaei, P.

Subjects
*STIMULUS generalization, *MONOIDS
Abstract

An act As satisfies Condition (PWP) if as = a's for a, a' ∈ As, s ∈ S implies that there exist a" ∈ As and u, v ∈ S such that a = a"u, a' = a"v and us = vs. In this paper we introduce a generalization of Condition (PWP) called Condition (LPWP) and will characterize monoids using this property. It can be seen easily that any right locally cyclic act satisfies Condition (LPWP). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024

48. The Effect of L-Carnitine and Melatonin on Sperm Quality Parameters, DNA Fragmentation and Membrane Lipid Peroxidation during Sperm Freezing Process.

Author

Hosseini, A., Khodakarami, Z., Zamani, M., and Zafari, F.

Subjects
LIPID peroxidation (Biology), CLINICAL trials, CARNITINE, FRAGMENTATION reactions, SPERMATOZOA
Abstract

Background and Objective: During sperm freezing, its functional indices, including survival and motility, are damaged and lead to a decrease in sperm quality and fertility. Studies have been performed to lower these damages, including adding antioxidants to the freezing environment. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of antioxidants melatonin and L-carnitine on the quality of sperm parameters after freezing and thawing. Methods: In this interventional study, 40 sperm samples were divided into 4 groups including: control group (no antioxidant), melatonin group (0.01 mmol melatonin), L-carnitine group (100 µmol L-carnitine) and combined group (0.01 mmol melatonin and 100 µmol L-carnitine). The samples were thawed two weeks after freezing, then the motility, survival and morphology parameters were evaluated by Eosin-nigrosin staining and were counted. Lipid peroxidation was evaluated by measuring MDA with thiobarbituric acid reaction and DNA fragmentation through Tunnel kit. Findings: The results showed that the combined use of melatonin and L-carnitine in the freezing medium had a significant effect on the rate of motility and survival (increase from 15% to 25%), DNA fragmentation (decrease from 32% to 23%) and MDA level (decrease from 10 to 6.5 µm/dl). However, the examination of sperm morphology did not show any significant difference between the studied groups. Conclusion: The results of the study showed that melatonin and L-carnitine can reduce the damage caused by sperm manipulation during the freezing and thawing process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
Full Text
View/download PDF

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources
See catalog results