29 results on '"Zaragoza, Luis E."'
Search Results
2. 129 Effects of Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine on Growth Performance of 12- to 136-kg PIC Line 800-Sired Pigs
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Gaffield, Katelyn, primary, Tokach, Mike D, additional, Woodworth, Jason C, additional, DeRouchey, Joel M, additional, Goodband, Robert D, additional, Gebhardt, Jordan T, additional, Vier, Carine M, additional, Spindler, Matthew, additional, Orlando, Uislei A, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, Lu, Ning, additional, Cast, Wayne R, additional, Wilson-Wells, Danielle, additional, Holen, Julia, additional, and Betlach, Alyssa, additional
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- 2023
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3. 133 The Effects of Increasing Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Growth Performance and Carcass Characteristics of 24- to 130-kg Grow-Finish Pigs Sired by PIC 800 Boars
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Kitt, Steve J, primary, Cast, Wayne R, additional, Hover, Mark, additional, Vier, Carine M, additional, Sievers, Chris, additional, Lu, Ning, additional, Navales, Ron A, additional, Montoro, Jordi Camp, additional, Betlach, Alyssa, additional, Hamilton, Dan, additional, Kiehne, Ross, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, Dritz, Steve, additional, and Orlando, Uislei A, additional
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- 2023
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4. 214 Effects of Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible (SID) Lysine (Lys) Levels and Dietary SID Tryptophan to Lys Ratios on Growth Performance of Late-Nursery Maternal Barrows
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Lu, Ning, primary, Vier, Carine M, additional, Hewett, Ellie, additional, Parr, Eric, additional, Van De Stroet, Denise, additional, Estrada, Jorge, additional, Welsch, Michael, additional, Cast, Wayne R, additional, Navales, Ron A, additional, Montoro, Jordi Camp, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, Dritz, Steve, additional, and Orlando, Uislei A, additional
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- 2023
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5. 135 Effects of Increasing Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Growth Performance of PIC 337 × Camborough Commercial Pigs that were Sired by High Index Boars
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Lu, Ning, primary, Parr, Eric, additional, Estrada, Jorge, additional, Vier, Carine M, additional, Diaz, Julia A Calderon, additional, Welsch, Michael, additional, Cast, Wayne R, additional, Navales, Ron A, additional, Montoro, Jordi Camp, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, Dritz, Steve, additional, and Orlando, Uislei A, additional
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- 2023
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6. 254 Effects of Increasing Daily Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Intake of Gilts and Sows During day 35-to-112 of Gestation on Reproductive Performance
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Lu, Ning, primary, Vier, Carine M, additional, Soto, Jose A, additional, Wells, Danielle, additional, Van De Stroet, Denise, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, Peterson, Beau, additional, Parr, Eric, additional, Dritz, Steve, additional, Navales, Ron, additional, Cast, Wayne R, additional, and Orlando, Uislei A, additional
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- 2022
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7. 271 Effects of Increasing Lactation Dietary Energy Concentration by Adding fat During the Summer Period on sow and Litter Performance
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Estrada, Jorge, primary, Vier, Carine M, additional, Hanson, Andrea, additional, Lu, Ning, additional, Diaz, Julia, additional, Van De Stroet, Denise, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, Peterson, Beau, additional, Parr, Eric, additional, Dritz, Steve, additional, Navales, Ron, additional, Cast, Wayne R, additional, and Orlando, Uislei A, additional
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- 2022
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8. 5 Effects of Nutrition Plans and Floor and Feeder Space on Growth Performance and Behaviors of 6- to 28-kg Nursery Pigs
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Lu, Ning, primary, Vier, Carine M, additional, Casserly, Ronan, additional, Dritz, Steve, additional, Navales, Ron A, additional, Cast, Wayne R, additional, Wells, Danielle, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, Young, Malachy, additional, Landero, Jose, additional, Gomez, Fernando, additional, Stas, Nat, additional, and Orlando, Uislei A, additional
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- 2022
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9. 142 Effects of Increasing Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Growth Performance of 11- to 25-Kg Pigs Sired by PIC 337 High Index Boars
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Lu, Ning, primary, Vier, Carine M, additional, Dritz, Steve, additional, Navales, Ron A, additional, Cast, Wayne R, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, and Orlando, Uislei A, additional
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- 2022
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10. 100 The Impact of Dietary Analyzed Ca to P Ratios and Standardized Total Tract Digestible P to Net Energy Ratios on Growth Performance, Bone, and Carcass Characteristics of Pigs
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Williams, Hadley, primary, Tokach, Mike D, additional, Woodworth, Jason C, additional, DeRouchey, Joel M, additional, Goodband, Robert D, additional, Gebhardt, Jordan T, additional, Vier, Carine M, additional, Lu, Ning, additional, Cast, Wayne, additional, Navales, Ron, additional, Spindler, Matthew, additional, Orlando, Uislei A, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, and Betlach, Alyssa, additional
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- 2022
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11. 6 Effects of Plans on Growth Performance and Behaviors of 32- to 128-kg Grow-Finish Pigs
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Lu, Ning, primary, Vier, Carine M, additional, Dritz, Steve, additional, Navales, Ron A, additional, Cast, Wayne R, additional, Wells, Danielle, additional, Casserly, Ronan, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, Young, Malachy, additional, Landero, Jose, additional, and Orlando, Uislei A, additional
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- 2022
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12. 215 Effects of Increasing Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Growth Performance of 39- to 119-kg Pigs Sired by High Index Boars
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Lu, Ning, primary, Vier, Carine M, additional, Silva, Gustavo, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, Knopf, Brandon, additional, Navales, Ron A, additional, Cast, Wayne R, additional, Dritz, Steve S, additional, and Orlando, Uislei A, additional
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- 2021
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13. 168 Effects of Increasing Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Growth Performance of 12- to 26-kg Pigs Sired by High Index Boars
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Vier, Carine M, primary, Lu, Ning, additional, Silva, Gustavo, additional, Zaragoza, Luis E, additional, Knopf, Brandon, additional, Navales, Ron A, additional, Cast, Wayne R, additional, Dritz, Steve S, additional, and Orlando, Uislei A, additional
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- 2021
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14. 200 Effects of zinc oxide removal and different nutritional plans on the growth performance, health, and behavior of nursery pigs from different genetic lines
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Moita, Vitor, Camp, Jordi, Vier, Carine M, Cast, Wayne R, Dritz, Steve, Zaragoza, Luis E, Wilson-Wells, Danielle, Lu, Ning, Orlando, Weasley A, Landero, Jose, and Young, Malachy
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This study was conducted to investigate the impacts of the removal of zinc oxide (ZnO) supplemented at pharmaceutical levels and different nutritional plans on the growth performance, health, and behavior of nursery pigs from different genetic sire lines. A total of 1,440 newly weaned barrows and gilts were housed into nursery pens with 30 pigs/pen (0.25m2/pig). Pigs were assigned to eight groups following a randomized complete block design arranged on a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement [Genetic sire line: PIC 337 or PIC 800; ZnO supplementation: 0 or 2,500 ppm; nutritional plan: Control (PIC recommendation) or Treatment (TRT)]. Pigs were fed in three dietary phases (P1:7 d; P2: 21 d; P3: 21 d). The nutrient levels of the TRT for each phase consisted of reduced crude protein (P1: 21 vs. 18.43%; P2: 20.80 vs. 18.73%), SID Lys (P1: 1.40 vs. 1.20%; P2: 0.35 vs. 1.20%), net energy (P1: 2,450 vs. 2,352 kcal/kg; P2: 2,450 vs. 2,377 kcal/kg) and lactose levels (P1: 15 vs. 7%; P2: 7 vs. 5%), and use of calcium formate instead of calcium carbonate for both P1 and P2, and pigs receiving the same diet in P3. Health and behavior were assessed through ear lesion (weekly during P3) and fecal (weekly during P1 and P2) scoring, mortality/removals, and medication control. Growth performance was assessed by individually weighing pigs and recording feed disappearance every week throughout the experimental period. Data were analyzed using a generalized linear model considering pen as the experimental unit. Models included treatments and their interactions as fixed effects, and block and pen within block as the random terms. Pigs fed ZnO showed greater (P< 0.05) overall average daily gain (ADG; 495 vs. 456 g/d) and average daily feed intake (ADFI; 681 vs. 633 g/d); and decreased (P< 0.05) diarrhea incidence (DI; 3.64 vs 10.21%) at d 14 after weaning and mortality/removals (2.31 vs. 5.11%) compared with pigs fed no ZnO. No significant differences were detected between the nutritional plans for performance traits (P> 0.05); however, pigs fed the TRT had less (P< 0.05) DI (7.54 vs. 11.43%) at d 7 after weaning than pigs fed the control nutrition plan. Regarding the genetic sire lines, PIC 337 pigs showed greater (P< 0.05) overall body weight (26.1 vs. 25.4 kg), ADG (486 vs. 465 g/d) and ADFI (666 vs. 648 g/d); and decreased (P< 0.05) mortality/removals (2.54 vs. 4.66%) and DI (6.92 vs. 12.41%) at d 7 after weaning compared with PIC 800 pigs. In summary, PIC 337 pigs fed ZnO under the control nutritional program showed greater growth performance during the nursery period. This study reaffirmed the benefits of ZnO fed to nursery pigs during the post-weaning period; however, since different countries are banning or reducing the use of ZnO, nutritional strategies should be considered to not negatively impact the health and subsequent performance of nursery pigs.
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- 2024
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15. 24 Effects of reducing dietary net energy on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs
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Royall, Rafe Q, Tokach, Mike D, Woodworth, Jason C, DeRouchey, Joel M, Goodband, Robert D, Gebhardt, Jordan T, Vier, Carine M, Spindler, Matthew, Orlando, Weasley A, Zaragoza, Luis E, Lu, Ning, Cast, Wayne R, Wilson-Wells, Danielle, Dritz, Steve, Camp, Jordi, Holen, Julia, and Betlach, Alyssa
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This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary NE on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and removal and mortality rates of grow-finish pigs. A total of 1,927 pigs [initial body weight (BW) 23.3 ± 0.23 kg] were used in a 125-d study. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 23 to 26 pigs/pen and 15 replications/treatment. Pens received 1 of 5 diets with decreasing NE based on Eq. 1-8 NRC (2012) using proximate analysis of the major ingredients. A corn-soybean meal-based control diet was blended with a low energy diet that contained 8% less NE through inclusion of 25% wheat middlings and 15% DDGS (6% oil) to achieve intermediate NE levels. Thus, dietary NE fed through 5 dietary phases were: phase 1 (2,432, 2,383, 2,335, 2,286, and 2,237 kcal/kg); phase 2 (2,463, 2,413, 2,363, 2,315, and 2,266 kcal/kg); phase 3 (2,495, 2,445, 2,395, 2,345, and 2,295); phase 4 (2,518, 2,468, 2,417, 2,367, and 2,317 kcal/kg); and phase 5 (2,537, 2,486, 2,435, 2,384, 2,334 kcal/kg). Dietary phases were fed from approximately 23-40, 40-60, 60-80, 80-105, and 105-133 kg BW, respectively. Overall, reducing NE decreased (linear, P< 0.001) average daily gain (ADG) and final BW and increased (linear, P< 0.001) average daily feed intake (ADFI), resulting in decreased (linear, P< 0.001) gain to feed ratio (G:F; Table). Decreasing NE also tended to increase (linear, P= 0.073) the percentage of removals, with no evidence of difference (P> 0.10) in mortality. Reducing NE worsened (linear, P< 0.001) caloric efficiency (CE) based on NRC nutrient loading values, but improved (linear, P≤ 0.003) CE based on INRA (2008) or Brazilian Tables for Poultry and Swine (2017) nutrient loading values. When formulating diets using CVB (2021) nutrient loading values, decreasing NE did not influence CE (P> 0.10). For carcass characteristics, decreasing NE decreased (linear, P< 0.001) HCW, backfat depth, and carcass yield. However, decreasing NE increased (linear, P≤ 0.024) loin depth and percentage lean. When considering CE on a carcass gain basis, decreasing NE worsened (linear, P≤ 0.004) CE based on NRC or CVB nutrient loading values, but improved (linear, P< 0.001) CE based on INRA nutrient loading values. Decreasing NE resulted in no differences (P> 0.010) in CE based on Brazilian Tables nutrient loading values. These results suggest that the NRC database overestimates NE contributions of fibrous ingredients, such as wheat middlings and corn DDGS, while the INRA database underestimates their contributions to NE, whether CE is calculated based on live or carcass gain. Meanwhile, NE values in the CVB database appear to assess nutrient values more accurately for NE based on live gain but underestimate their value on a carcass basis. The Brazilian tables appear to underestimate the contributions of fibrous ingredients to dietary NE on a live basis, but more accurately value their contributions on a carcass basis.
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- 2024
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16. 28 Investigation of protein deposition pattern of PIC337×Camborough commercial pigs
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Lu, Ning, Zeng, Nanfang, Su, Ning, Chen, Ling, Chen, Jie, Vier, Carine M, Cast, Wayne R, Dritz, Steve, Wilson-Wells, Danielle, Zaragoza, Luis E, Camp, Jordi, and Orlando, Weasley A
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The objective of the trial was to investigate the protein deposition pattern of PIC337×Camborough commercial pigs. A total of 1,064 barrows and gilts [PIC337×Camborough, initial body weight (BW) = 6.0 ± 0.1 kg] were used in the trial with 38 mixed sex pens, 28 pigs per pen. At the beginning of the trial, the lightest 10% of the barrows and gilts were selected and placed in four pens (equal numbers of barrows and gilts within a pen), and the remaining pigs were randomly placed into the other pens (equal numbers of barrows and gilts within a pen). A common 6-phase corn-soybean based wean-to-finish diets were fed throughout the trial. Dietary net energy and standardized ileal digestible lysine levels were (6-10 kg BW: 2,600 Kcal/kg and 1.35%; 10-20 kg BW: 2,520 Kcal/kg and 1.30%; 20-38 kg BW: 2,470 Kcal/kg and 1.20%; 38-72 kg BW: 2,450 Kcal/kg and 0.98%; 72-127 kg BW: 2,450 Kcal/kg and 0.87%; and 127-149 kg BW: 2,450 Kcal/kg and 0.77%). On d 97 after placement, 5 barrows and 5 gilts with BW close to pen average were selected for individual BW by a portable scale and 10thrib backfat and loin depth measurements (ExaGo portable ultrasound scanner, Imv imaging, UK). Then on d 111, 117, 136, 142, and 167 after placement, the same 5 barrows and 5 gilts were measured for individual BW, 10thrib backfat and loin depth. The fat-free lean mass is estimated by the equation 6.783-0.6198×(10thrib backfat depth, mm)+0.1578×(10thrib loin depth, mm)+1.0362×(warm carcass weight, kg). A constant carcass yield of 75% was used to estimate warm carcass weight. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model in R Studio (Version 3.5.2, R Core Team; Vienna, Austria). The average BW of pigs at the 6 measurements were: 77.2, 92.4, 99.2, 122.5, 128.0, and 153.6 kg, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG) was 1,139, 1,155, 1,145, 1,126, and 977 g/d for 77.2 to 92.4 kg BW, 92.4 to 99.2 kg BW, 99.2 to 122.5 kg BW, 122.5 to 128.0 kg BW, and 128.0 to 153.6 kg BW, respectively. The average daily 10thrib backfat depth gain was 0.05, 0.08, 0.15, 0.17, and 0.20 mm/d. The average daily 10thrib loin depth gain was 0.42, 0.43, 0.41, 0.39, and 0.23 mm/d. The average daily fat-free lean mass gain (ADFFLG) was 547, 551, 528, 515, and 422 g/d. The fitted quadratic model for ADG is 83.57782 + 19.90632 × (BW, kg)-0.09176×(BW, kg)2, and the calculated maximum ADG was 1,163 g/d when BW was 108.5 kg. The fitted quadratic model for ADFFLG is 85.90926 + 9.23773 × (BW, kg) - 0.04591 × (BW, kg)2, and the calculated maximum ADFFLG is 550.6 g/d when BW was 100.6 kg. Under the conditions of the current trial, PIC337×Camborough pigs reaches the maximum rate of protein deposition at BW between 100.6 and 108.5 kg.
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- 2024
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17. 31 Effects of dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) levels and dietary SID tryptophan to Lys ratios on growth performance and behavior of late-nursery to finish maternal barrows
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Lu, Ning, Zaragoza, Luis E, Vier, Carine M, Diaz, Julia A Calderon, Orlando, Weasley A, Hewett, Ellie, Turner, Simon, Estrada, Jorge, Camp, Jordi, Cast, Wayne R, and Dritz, Steve
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The objective was to determine the effects of dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) levels and SID tryptophan (Trp) to Lys ratios on growth performance and behavior of late-nursery to finish maternal barrows. A total of 2,293 barrows (PIC Camborough, initially 11.9 ± 0.35 kg) were used in this trial with 96 mixed-sex pens and 23 to 25 pigs/pen. There was a total of 6 dietary phases: P1:11.9-29.5 kg; P2:29.5-49.6 kg; P3:49.6-62.6 kg; P4:62.6-80.3 kg; P5:80.3-103.3 kg; and P6:103.3-137.8 kg. Pens were blocked by body weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 treatments:T1: 100% Lys (dietary SID Lys levels meet PIC SID Lys recommendation) and 21.0% of SID Trp:Lys ratio; T2: 100% Lys and 18.5% of SID Trp:Lys ratio; T3: 100% Lys and 16.0% of SID Trp:Lys ratio; T4: 80% Lys (dietary SID Lys levels meet 80% of PIC SID Lys recommendation) and 21.0% of SID Trp:Lys ratio; T5: 80% Lys and 18.5% of SID Trp:Lys ratio; and T6: 80% Lys and 16.0% of SID Trp:Lys ratio for P1-P2 and then 100% Lys and 18.5% of SID Trp:Lys ratio for P3-P6. Ear lesion (EL) was monitored during P2-P5. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model in R Studio (Version 3.5.2, R Core Team; Vienna, Austria). Pigs fed T1 and T2 showed improved average daily gain than T6 (P< 0.05), with other treatments intermediate (Table 1). Pigs fed T2 showed improved average daily feed intake as compared with T6 (P< 0.05), with other treatments intermediate. There was no evidence for significant difference on feed-to-gain ratio or mortality. Removal was significantly greater for pigs fed T6 compared with all other treatments (P< 0.05). Pigs fed T2 had significantly greater hot carcass weight than T4, with other treatments intermediate. There was no evidence for significant differences on carcass yield or lean percentage. Pig fed T6 had significantly greater incidence of EL in P2 than all other treatments (P< 0.05). Pigs fed T4 and T6 had greater incidence of EL in P3 than T1 (P< 0.05), with other treatments intermediate. Pigs fed T5 and T6 had significantly greater incidence of EL in P4 than T1, T2, and T3 (P< 0.05), with T4 intermediate. During P5, pigs fed T4 and T5 had the greatest incidence of EL (P< 0.05), while pigs fed T6 had significant greater incidence of EL than T3 (P< 0.05), with T1 and T2 intermediate. In conclusion, dietary SID Lys and SID Trp:Lys ratio less than PIC recommendation during late-nursery-to-grower phase resulted in compromised overall growth performance of maternal barrows, even with restored dietary SID Lys and SID Trp:Lys levels in finish phase. Dietary SID Lys level and/or SID Trp:Lys ratios lower than PIC recommendation may result in greater incidence of aggression behavior in maternal barrows.
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- 2024
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18. 30 Effects of using different dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine plans on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs from high or low breeding value boars
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Camp, Jordi, Vier, Carine M, Spindler, Matthew, Holen, Julia, Orlando, Weasley A, Betlach, Alyssa, Cast, Wayne R, Dritz, Steve, Wilson-Wells, Danielle, Lu, Ning, and Zaragoza, Luis E
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The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of using different dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) plans on growth performance and carcass characteristics of grow-finish pigs coming from high or low breeding value boars. A total of 2,080 pigs (PIC 800 × PIC Camborough) were housed in 20 mixed sex pens (26 pigs/pen), blocked by body weight (BW), and randomly allotted in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with boar breeding value (high or low) and nutrition Lys plan (current SID Lys curve recommendation for PIC 800 as % of PIC 337 SID Lys curve or alternative SID Lys curve). Pigs were weaned at 21 d of age (6.1 ± 0.05 kg BW) and followed during the wean-to-finish period until reach the market slaughter weight. Pigs were fed either the current recommendation or an alternative SID Lys curve for PIC 800, in a 6 phase feeding program: phase 1 (6-11 kg; 100 vs 100%, respectively); phase 2 (11-23 kg; 97 vs 100%, respectively); phase 3 (23-45 kg; 97 vs 100%, respectively); phase 4 (45-73 kg; 97 vs 95%, respectively); phase 5 (73-102 kg; 97 vs 95%, respectively); and phase 6 (102-132 kg; 97 vs 90%, respectively). Pigs were fed isoenergetic diets. Performance and carcass traits, and removals and mortality were recorded. Data were analyzed using mixed models in R, and considering pen as the experimental unit for performance traits and individual carcasses for carcass traits. There was no evidence of interaction between boar breeding value and nutrition plan factors. Overall, high breeding value pigs had greater average daily gain (ADG; 0.84 ± 0.005 g/d) compared with low breeding value pigs (0.82 ± 0.005 kg/d; P< 0.01), which was driven by increased average daily feed intake (ADFI; 1.92 ± 0.011 and 1.89 ± 0.011 kg/d, respectively; P< 0.05; Table 1). Moreover, high breeding value pigs had greater hot carcass weight (HCW; 97.8 ± 1.09 kg), carcass yield (74.1 ± 0.23%), backfat thickness (16.3 ± 0.29 mm) and lower lean meat % (57.0 ± 0.21%) compared with low breeding value pigs (96.0 ± 1.09 kg; 73.7 ± 0.23 %; 15.4 ± 0.28; 57.5 ± 0.21%, respectively; P< 0.05; Table 1). Regarding nutrition plan, no significant differences were observed for overall performance traits between pigs fed the current or alternative SID Lys curve (P> 0.05; Table 1). Nevertheless, pigs fed the alternative SID Lys curve had heavier HCW (97.3 ± 1.09 kg) compared with pigs fed the current SID Lys curve (96.6±1.09 kg; P< 0.05; Table 1). No significant differences were observed for overall removals and mortality by breeding value or nutrition Lys plan (P> 0.05). In summary, grow finish pigs from high breeding value boars have an improved productive performance. PIC 800 pigs may achieve the same productive performance with lower lysine levels at the end of the grow-finish period.
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- 2024
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19. 29 Effects of using different dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine plans on growth performance and carcass characteristics of PIC 337 or PIC 800 sired grow-finish pigs
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Camp, Jordi, Orlando, Weasley A, Lu, Ning, Vier, Carine M, Cast, Wayne R, Dritz, Steve, Zaragoza, Luis E, Wilson-Wells, Danielle, Landero, Jose, and Young, Malachy
- Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of using different dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) plans on growth performance of PIC 337 and PIC 800 sired grow-finish pigs. A total of 2,016 gilts and barrows were placed in 2 separate rooms with 48 single sex pens each (21 pigs/pen; 0.69 m2/pig). Pens were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly allotted in a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with genetic line (PIC 337 or 800), sex (barrows or gilts), and nutrition plan (current SID Lys curve recommendation for PIC 800 as % of PIC 337 SID Lys curve or alternative SID Lys curve) as factors. Pigs (27.4 ± 1.41 kg BW) were followed during the grower-finisher phase until slaughter. Pigs were fed either the current recommendation or an alternative SID Lys curve for PIC 800, in a 5 phase feeding program: phase 1 (23-40 kg; 97 vs 100%, respectively); phase 2 (40-60 kg; 97 vs 95%, respectively); phase 3 (60-80 kg; 97 vs 95%, respectively); phase 4 (80-105 kg; 97 vs 95%, respectively); and phase 5 (105-135 kg; 97 vs 90%, respectively). Pigs were fed isoenergetic diets. Performance and carcass traits, and removals and mortality were recorded. Data were analyzed using mixed models in R, and considering pen as the experimental unit for performance traits and individual carcasses for carcass traits. There was no evidence of interaction between genetic line and nutrition plan factors. Overall, PIC 337 vs 800 pigs did not differ on average daily gain (ADG; P> 0.05), but PIC 337 pigs consumed 150 g/d less and were 0.1 more feed efficient than PIC 800 pigs (P< 0.05; Table 1). Moreover, PIC 337 pigs had 1.9 kg less of hot carcass weight, but 2.1 mm more of loin depth compared with PIC 800 pigs (P< 0.05; Table 1). Regarding nutrition plan, no significant differences were observed for overall performance and carcass traits between pigs fed the current or alternative SID Lys curve (P> 0.05; Table 1). Additionally, no significant differences were observed for overall removals and mortality by genetic line or nutrition plan (P> 0.05; Table 1). In summary, different genetic sire line (PIC 337 and PIC 800) differed on performance and carcass traits. Further research is needed to continue studying the genetic evolution and nutrition plan for each genetic sire line in the grower-finisher period to understand their nutrient requirements.
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- 2024
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20. 14 Effects of increasing daily dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine intake of gilts and sows during d 35 to 112 of gestation on reproductive performance
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Vier, Carine M, Orlando, Weasley A, Diaz, Julia A Calderon, Estrada, Jorge, Camp, Jordi, Cast, Wayne R, Dritz, Steve, Zaragoza, Luis E, Lu, Ning, Peterson, Beau, Boler, Dustin, and Parr, Eric
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Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing daily dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) intake during d 35 to 112 of gestation on sow and litter performance. A total of 704 gilts and sows (PIC Camborough) were used. Females were group-housed after d 35 of gestation and individually fed with electronic sow feeders (ESF). At d 35 of gestation, females were balanced for body weight (BW) and caliper scores within parity categories, and randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments. Treatments consisted of increasing daily dietary SID Lys intake (11.1, 13.5, 16.1, and 18.5 g/d). Both gilts and sows received 2.37 kg/d of a gestation diet containing 3.17 Mcal of ME/kg, which was estimated to avoid feeding females below their maintenance requirements throughout the entire gestation. Treatments were achieved by different blend of low (0.47% SID Lys) and high (0.78% SID Lys) Lys diets via ESF based on the set feed allowance for females. Sow was the experimental unit and data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with the lmer and glmerfunctions of R, considering treatment, parity, and their interaction as fixed effects. There was no evidence (P> 0.10) of treatment and parity interaction for any response criteria. Body weight at d 112 of gestation and BW change from d 35 to 112 of gestation increased (linear; P< 0.05) with increasing daily dietary SID Lys intake (Table 1). No evidence for SID Lys treatment differences were observed for BW at weaning or BW change during lactation (P> 0.10). There was no evidence (P> 0.10) for treatment differences on caliper score (CS) at d 35 of gestation, d 112 of gestation, at weaning, or CS changes during gestation and lactation. There was no evidence for treatment difference on total born, percentage stillbirth and percentage of mummified fetuses (P> 0.10). However, there was a marginal reduction in percentage born alive piglets (quadratic, P= 0.056), with the least proportion of piglets born alive observed in females receiving 16.1g of daily SID Lys intake from d35 to d112 of gestation. Increasing daily dietary SID Lys intake during d 35 to 112 of gestation did not affect piglet birth weight, piglet average daily gain during lactation, proportion of removed pigs, and proportion of dead pigs during lactation. In summary, increasing daily dietary SID Lys intake during d35-to-112 of gestation increased female BW; however, no evidence of benefits was observed for female reproductive performance and litter performance during lactation.
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- 2024
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21. 229 Effects of sire line on survivability traits of commercial pigs sired by PIC 800 or a North American competitor Duroc Line from birth to market
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Spath, Isaiah T, Little, Erin, Edler, Roy, Zaragoza, Luis E, Wuebker, Michelle, Spindler, Matthew, and Wilson-Wells, Danielle
- Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate differences in survivability traits on pigs originating from two sire lines from birth to market. A total of 28,426 commercial pigs sired by either PIC 800 boars (n = 13,960 pigs) or a North American competitor Duroc line (Sire A; n = 14,466 pigs) were used in this study. PIC Camborough sows from 2 sister-sow farms were bred using semen from both genetic lines was mated equally and randomly across sows to ensure sire lines and parity of dams were balanced across farms. Pigs were individually identified at birth by genetic line and cross-fostering was done following standard farm practices. At weaning (average wean age 22 d of age, average body weight 6.8kg), pigs from both lines were sent to nurseries or Wean-to-finish sites (n = 11,541 PIC 800 and n = 11,922 Sire A), comingling in the same barns and pens. Starting inventories for each genetic line were recorded at weaning for all sites, end of nursery (4 wk post weaning), and 1 to 2 wk before start of marketing (target market weight 127kg at 160 d of age). For each production period, information on mortality and morbidity traits (n = 10,600 PIC 800 and n = 10,974 Sire A) was collected. Data were analyzed using R separately for each production period (i.e., Pre-weaning, Grow-to-finish, and Wean-to-finish) and not pooled from birth to market due to some groups not being kept intact. Morbidity and mortality data were analyzed using binomial models with a fixed effect of sire line and a random effect of sow farm or nursery/wean-to-finish site for pre-wean traits or post-weaning traits, respectively. Pigs from farms without removal reason record were excluded from analysis of removal reasons (Table 1). Overall pre-wean mortality was less (P≤ 0.05) for PIC 800 pigs than Sire A pigs (8.5 vs. 9.6%, for PIC 800 and Sire A, respectively), mostly due to having fewer (P≤ 0.05) pigs laid-on (4.8 vs 5.9%, respectively). At 4 wk post weaning, PIC 800 pigs had less (P≤ 0.05) fallout rate than Sire A pigs (2.5 vs 3.5%, for PIC 800 and Sire A, respectively), with no differences (P> 0.05) in mortality rate (1.2 vs 1.3%, respectively). Grow-to-finish morbidity and mortality rates were less (P≤ 0.05) for PIC 800 (2.1 and 1.3%, for morbidity and mortality rates, respectively) compared with Sire A (2.5 and 1.8%, respectively). Likewise, wean-to-finish morbidity and mortality rates were less (P≤ 0.05) for PIC 800 (2.5 and 3.7%, for morbidity and mortality rates, respectively) compared with Sire A (3.0 and 4.7%, respectively). Results suggest PIC 800 sired pigs consistently had lower incidence of morbidity and mortality than Sire A pigs across all stages of production included in this study.
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- 2024
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22. Effects of Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible (SID) Lysine (Lys) Levels and Dietary SID Tryptophan to Lys Ratios on Growth Performance of Late-Nursery Maternal Barrows.
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Ning Lu, Vier, Carine M., Hewett, Ellie, Parr, Eric, Van De Stroet, Denise, Estrada, Jorge, Welsch, Michael, Cast, Wayne R., Navales, Ron A., Montoro, Jordi Camp, Zaragoza, Luis E., Dritz, Steve, and Orlando, Uislei A.
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LYSINE ,TRYPTOPHAN ,RANDOM effects model ,BODY weight - Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) levels and SID tryptophan (Trp) to Lys ratios on the growth performance of late-nursery maternal barrows. A total of 2,293 barrows (PIC Camborough, initially 11.9 ± 0.35 kg) were used in a 28-day trial with 96 mixed-sex pens in two rooms (48 pens/room), 16 pens/treatment, and 23 to 25 pigs/pen. Pens were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly allotted to 1 of 6 treatments in a 2×3 factorial arrangement. Treatment factors were: 1) Dietary SID Lys levels: meet PIC SID Lys recommendation at 1.234% (PIC LYS) or below PIC SID Lys recommendation at 0.988% (BELOW LYS); 2) Dietary SID Trp to Lys ratios: 21.0, 18.5, and 16.0. Data were analyzed using a linear mixed model in R Studio (Version 3.5.2, R Core Team; Vienna, Austria). Dietary SID Lys levels, dietary SID Trp to Lys ratios, and their interaction were included as fixed effects, and room and weight block were included as random effects in the model. Pigs fed with PIC LYS diets showed significantly improved average daily gain (ADG; 672 vs. 594 g; P < 0.001), average daily feed intake (ADFI; 1227 vs. 1179 g; P < 0.001), gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; 550 vs. 508 g/kg; P = 0.002), and greater amount of SID Lys intake (22.5 vs. 19.5; P < 0.05) or Trp intake (4.2 vs. 3.6; P < 0.05) per kg of BW gain comparing to BELOW LYS diets. Significant interactive effects were observed between dietary SID Lys levels and dietary SID Trp and Lys ratios on final BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F (P < 0.05; Table 1). For final BW and ADG, when feeding PIC LYS diets, decreasing dietary SID Trp to Lys ratios increased final BW and ADG (quadratic, P < 0.05); but when feeding BELOW LYS diets the decreasing ratios reduced final BW and ADG (quadratic, P < 0.05). For ADFI, when feeding PIC LYS diets, there was no evidence that decreasing dietary SID Trp to Lys ratios impacted ADFI (P > 0.05); but when feeding BELOW LYS diets the decreasing ratios reduced ADFI (quadratic, P < 0.05). When feeding PIC LYS diets, the decreasing dietary SID Trp to Lys ratios decreased and then increased G:F (quadratic, P < 0.05); but when feeding BELOW LYS diets, the decreasing ratios increased and then decreased G:F (quadratic, P < 0.05). In conclusion, latenursery maternal barrows fed the PIC LYS diet had improved growth performance compared with those fed BELOW LYS diet; and decreasing dietary SID Trp to Lys ratios from 21.0 to 16.0 had deleterious impacts on growth performance when dietary SID Lys level was below PIC recommendation, but not when dietary SID Lys level met PIC recommendation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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23. Effects of Increasing Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Growth Performance of PIC 337 × Camborough Commercial Pigs that were Sired by High Index Boars.
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Ning Lu, Parr, Eric, Estrada, Jorge, Vier, Carine M., Diaz, Julia A. Calderon, Welsch, Michael, Cast, Wayne R., Navales, Ron A., Montoro, Jordi Camp, Zaragoza, Luis E., Dritz, Steve, and Orlando, Uislei A.
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BOARS ,SWINE ,RANDOM effects model ,LYSINE ,PROTEINS in animal nutrition ,NUTRITIONAL requirements ,SOWS ,SWINE breeding - Abstract
Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible lysine levels on the growth performance of PIC 337 × Camborough commercial pigs that were sired by highindex boars. A total of 2,200 barrows and gilts (PIC 337 × Camborough) were used in six experiments covering body weight ranges of 11-25 kg (Exp.1), 26-46 kg (Exp.2), 45-66 kg (Exp.3), 63-85 kg (Exp.4), 86-110 kg (Exp.5), and 108-134 kg (Exp.6). Pigs were placed in two rooms with 45 pens in Room 1 and 43 pens in Room 2, and there were 25 pigs/pen (12 or 13 gilts and 13 or 12 barrows) for both rooms. Room 1 was used in Exp. 1, 3, and 5; Room 2 was used in Exp. 2, 4, and 6. At the beginning of each trial, on-test pens were blocked by body weight and randomly allotted to one of five treatments (90, 100, 105, 110, or 120% of PIC SID Lys recommendations for Exp.1 to Exp. 5; whereas 80, 90, 100, 110, or 120% of PIC SID Lys recommendations for Exp. 6) in a randomized complete block design. Off-test pens were fed a common wash-out diet between trials, and common diets were formulated to meet PIC nutrient requirements according to the specific weight range. Data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed model with pen as the experimental unit in R Studio (Version 3.5.2, R Core Team; Vienna, Austria). Dietary SID Lys levels were included as fixed effects, and weight block was included as random effects in the model. All data are reported as least square means and considered statistically significant at P < 0.05 and marginally significant at P < 0.10. Increasing SID Lys improved average daily gain (ADG; linear, P = 0.003) and gain-to-feed ratio (G:F; quadratic, P = 0.007) in Exp.1; improved ADG (quadratic, P = 0.045) in Exp.4; improved ADG (quadratic, P = 0.009) and G:F (quadratic, P = 0.002) in Exp.5; and improved ADG (linear, P = 0.037) and G:F (linear, P = 0.030) in Exp.6 (Table 1). However, there was no evidence for difference among treatments on growth performance in Exp.2 and 3. With increasing dietary SID Lys levels, gram of SID Lys per kilogram of bodyweight gain and 5 (P = 0.002); and increased in a linear manner in Exp.2, 3, 4, and 6 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, increasing dietary SID Lys levels improved the growth performance of PIC 337 × Camborough commercial pigs sired by high-index boars when the bodyweight was below 25 kg or beyond 63 kg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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24. Effects of Standardized Ileal Digestible Threonine to Lysine Ratio on Growth Performance of PIC Line 337-Sired Grow-Finish Pigs.
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Royall, Rafe Q., Tokach, Mike D., Woodworth, Jason C., DeRouchey, Joel M., Goodband, Robert D., Gebhardt, Jordan T., Vier, Carine M., Spindler, Matthew, Orlando, Uislei A., Zaragoza, Luis E., Ning Lu, Cast, Wayne R., Wilson-Wells, Danielle, Holen, Julia, and Betlach, Alyssa
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THREONINE ,SWINE ,SWINE housing ,LYSINE ,BLOCK designs ,BODY weight - Abstract
Two studies were conducted to estimate the SID Thr:Lys requirement for growth and feed efficiency of PIC 337×1050 pigs from approximately 12- to 70-kg. In Exp. 1, 987 pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 11.8±0.32 kg] were used from 12- to 24-kg. In Exp. 2,875 pigs (initial BW = 43.4±0.58 kg] were used from 43- to 70-kg. Pens of pigs were blocked by BW and randomly allotted to dietary treatments in randomized complete block designs, with 21 to 27 pigs per pen with 8 and 7 replications per treatment (Exp. 1 and 2, respectively). Pens were provided 1 of 5 dietary treatments with increasing SID Thr:Lys ratios at 53, 58, 62, 65, and 68% in each experiment. Two corn-soybean meal-based diets containing 53 and 68% Thr:Lys ratios were blended to achieve target SID Thr:Lys treatment levels in each experiment. In Exp. 1 (12- to 24-kg), ADG and final BW increased (linear, P = 0.006) while ADFI, G:F, Thr intake/d, and Thr intake/kg of gain increased (quadratic, P = 0.001) as Thr:Lys ratio increased (Table). Additionally, Lys intake/d increased (quadratic, P < 0.001) while Lys intake/kg of gain decreased (quadratic, P < 0.001) with increasing Thr:Lys ratio. In Exp. 2 (43- to 70-kg), ADG, G:F, final BW, Thr intake/d and Thr intake/kg of gain also increased (linear, P = 0.036) as dietary Thr:Lys increased. Moreover, Lys intake/kg of gain decreased (linear, P = 0.023) with increasing Thr:Lys. A quadratic polynomial (QP) model predicted a requirement at levels greater than 68% SID Thr:Lys for ADG from 12- to 24-kg, while a QP model suggested that maximum G:F was achieved at 61.8% SID Thr:Lys (Exp. 1). From 43- to 70-kg, QP models suggested maximum ADG and G:F were achieved at levels greater than 68% SID Thr:Lys (Exp. 2). However, similar fitting BLL models predicted no further improvement to G:F and ADG beyond 65 and 67% SID Thr:Lys, respectively. In summary, these results suggest the optimal SID Thr:Lys for 12- to 24-kg pigs is 61.8% for feed efficiency and greater than 68% for ADG. From 43- to 70-kg, the requirement was predicted at or above 65 and 67% SID Thr:Lys for G:F and ADG, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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25. Effects of Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine on Growth Performance of 12- to 136-kg PIC Line 800-Sired Pigs.
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Gaffield, Katelyn, Tokach, Mike D., Woodworth, Jason C., DeRouchey, Joel M., Goodband, Robert D., Gebhardt, Jordan T., Vier, Carine M., Spindler, Matthew, Orlando, Uislei A., Zaragoza, Luis E., Ning Lu, Cast, Wayne R., Wilson-Wells, Danielle, Holen, Julia, and Betlach, Alyssa
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SWINE breeding ,LYSINE ,SWINE farms ,SWINE housing ,SWINE ,BLOCK designs ,BODY weight ,ECONOMIC expansion - Abstract
The objective of this study was to evaluate growth performance and economic return of PIC 800 × Camborough pigs fed increasing SID Lys from approximately 12- to 136-kg. Pens of pigs were blocked by body weight (BW) and randomly assigned to 1 of 5 dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design with 26 pigs per pen and 16 pens per treatment. Pens were provided 1 of 5 dietary treatments with increasing SID Lys at 85, 93, 100, 107, and 115% of current (2021) PIC recommendations within 6 dietary phases as follows: phase 1 (1.09, 1.19, 1.28, 1.36, and 1.47%), phase 2 (0.97, 1.06, 1.14, 1.22, and 1.32%), phase 3 (0.87, 0.95, 1.02, 1.09, and 1.17%), phase 4 (0.75, 0.82, 0.88, 0.94, and 1.01%), phase 5 (0.66, 0.72, 0.77, 0.82, and 0.89%), and phase 6 (0.59, 0.64, 0.69, 0.74, and 0.79%). Two corn-soybean meal-based diets containing low and high Lys were blended to achieve target SID Lys levels for each treatment diet within phase. Overall (d 0 to 143), increasing SID Lys improved (linear, P = 0.007) ADG and G:F, but did not impact ADFI (P > 0.10; Table). A tendency (linear, P = 0.067) for heavier hot carcass weights (HCW) was observed in pigs fed increasing SID Lys. However, there was no evidence for differences (P > 0.10) in carcass yield, backfat depth, loin depth, or carcass lean percentage across treatments. The linear (LM) model served as the best fit for both growth and economic parameters. The LM model predicted maximum ADG and G:F at levels greater than 115% of PIC's current recommendations. However, for income over feed cost (IOFC), the LM model predicted maximum profitability at or below 85% of the current Lys recommendations of PIC. In conclusion, the optimal SID Lys level for PIC 800 × Camborough pigs from 12- to 136-kg differed upon response criteria, with growth performance maximized at levels at or above 115% of the recommendation for SID Lys by PIC; however, maximal economic returns were observed at or below 85% of PIC's current SID Lys recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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26. Effects of Increasing Lactation Dietary Energy Concentration by Adding fat During the Summer Period on sow and Litter Performance.
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Estrada, Jorge, Vier, Carine M., Hanson, Andrea, Ning Lu, Diaz, Julia, Van De Stroet, Denise, Zaragoza, Luis E., Peterson, Beau, parr, Eric, dritz, Steve, Navales, Ron, cast, Wayne R., and Orlando, Uislei A.
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CARTHAGE (Extinct city) ,PREGNANCY in animals ,LACTATION ,CORN oil ,SOWS ,WEIGHT gain ,DIETARY fats ,SOYBEAN meal ,FAT - Abstract
The objective was to determine the effects of increasing energy in lactation diets fed during the summer period on sow and litter performance. A total of 356 sows (PIC Camborough) were randomly assigned at entry into the farrowing room to 1 of 4 treatments within parity in a randomized complete block design with body weight and breeding day blocks. Prefarrowing caliper scores were balanced across treatments. The trial was conducted from July to September 2021 in Carthage, Illinois, with external barn minimum and maximum temperatures averaging 21-32°C. Treatments consisted of increasing levels of added fat in the lactation diet: 0, 1.67, 3.34, and 5.00% of corn oil. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based with a fixed soybean meal inclusion rate of 28.90%. Net energy (NE) concentrations of the treatment diets consisted of 2.345, 2.427, 2.509, and 2.591 Mcal NE/kg. Sow was the experimental unit and data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with the lmer and glmer functions of R. Increasing corn oil inclusion rates marginally (linear, P=0.086) reduced lactation average daily feed intake but did not significantly (P>0.10) impact total or average daily NE intakes. There was no evidence (P>0.05) for treatment effects on sow body weight, sow caliper score or sow backfat depth changes during lactation, percentage of removed and fall-off piglets, pre-weaning mortality, number of weaned pigs, litter weaning weight, total litter weight gain, and piglet average daily gain. In summary, increasing energy in the lactation diet by adding up to 5% corn oil during the summer period resulted in a marginal linear reduction in lactation average daily feed intake, but did not influence daily NE intake. Under the conditions of this study, no evidence for treatment effects were observed for sow or for litter performance during the nursing period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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27. Effects of Increasing Daily Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Intake of Gilts and Sows During day 35-to-112 of Gestation on Reproductive Performance.
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Ning Lu, Vier, Carine M., Soto, Jose A., Wells, Danielle, Van De Stroet, Denise, Zaragoza, Luis E., Peterson, Beau, parr, Eric, dritz, Steve, Navales, Ron, cast, Wayne R., and Orlando, Uislei A.
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SOWS ,PREGNANCY ,LYSINE ,PREGNANCY in animals ,BIRTH weight ,PIGLETS - Abstract
Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing daily dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) intake during d35-to-112 of gestation on sow and litter performance. A total of 583 gilts and sows (PIC Camborough) were used. Females were group-housed after d35 of gestation and individually fed with electronic sow feeders (ESF). At d35 of gestation, females were randomly allotted to 1 of 4 treatments that were balanced for body weight (BW) and caliper scores (CS) within parity categories. Treatments consisted of increasing daily dietary SID Lys intake (11.1, 13.5, 16.1, and 18.5 g/d). Both gilts and sows received 1.85 kg/d of a gestation diet containing 2.38 Mcal of NE/kg. Treatments were achieved by different blends of low (0.60% SID Lys) and high (1.00% SID Lys) Lys diets via ESF. Sow was the experimental unit and data were analyzed using generalized linear mixed models with the lmer and glmer functions of R. Body weight and CS at d112 of gestation increased (linear, P< 0.05) with increasing daily dietary SID Lys intake. There was no evidence for treatment difference on d112 backfat depth (BD), or changes of BW, CS, and BD during lactation. There was no evidence for treatment difference on total born, percentage born alive and stillbirth, but there was a marginal reduction (linear, P=0.086) on mummified fetuses. Increasing daily dietary SID Lys intake during d35-to-112 of gestation did not affect piglet birth weight, percentage of piglets born with less than 900g, pre-weaning mortality, or piglet average daily gain. In summary, increasing daily dietary SID Lys intake during d35-to-112 of gestation increased female BW and CS, without changing BD, indicating that more lean tissue had been deposited. However, there was no evidence for treatment differences on reproductive performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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28. Effects of Increasing Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Growth Performance of 39- to 119-kg Pigs Sired by High Index Boars.
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Ning Lu, Vier, Carine M., Silva, Gustavo, Zaragoza, Luis E., Knopf, Brandon, Navales, Ron A., Cast, Wayne R., Dritz, Steve S., and Orlando, Uislei A.
- Subjects
BOARS ,LYSINE ,SWINE housing ,SWINE ,AMINO acids ,BODY weight ,SWINE breeding - Abstract
Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) on the growth performance of grow-finish pigs. A total of 1,120 pigs (PIC 337×Camborough, initially 39.0±0.82 kg) were used in a 77-d study. Pigs used in the study were sired by boars ranked in the top 15% of a selected PIC elite boar stud based on index. Pens of pigs were blocked by body weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments, which consisted of 85, 95, 105, 115, and 125% of the PIC2016 SID Lys recommendations within each phase. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and formulated to be isocaloric. Treatments were achieved with increasing feedgrade amino acids. There were 9 mixed-gender pens per treatment and 24 or 25 pigs per pen. Data were analyzed using generalized linear and nonlinear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Competing models included linear, quadratic polynomial (QP), broken-line linear (BLL), and broken-line quadratic (BLQ). Increasing dietary SID Lys from 85 to 125% marginally improved overall average daily gain (ADG, quadratic, P = 0.056), gain to feed ratio (G:F, quadratic, P = 0.062), and final body weight (linear, P = 0.075). There was no evidence for treatment effects on mortality and removals (P > 0.10). The best-fitting models for ADG were QP and BLL. The QP model estimated the maximum ADG at 110.6% (95% CI: 93 to >125%), with 99% of maximum ADG achieved at 97.4%. The BLL plateau was estimated at 105.0% (95% CI: 74 to 136%). The best-fitting model for G:F was QP, estimating the maximum G:F at 107.8% (95% CI: 92 to >125%). In conclusion, the estimated optimum overall SID Lys for 39- to 119-kg pigs sired by high index boars ranged from 105.0 to 110.6% of PIC2016 SID Lys recommendation within each phase, depending on the response criteria and statistical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
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29. Effects of Increasing Dietary Standardized Ileal Digestible Lysine Levels on Growth Performance of 12- to 26-kg Pigs Sired by High Index Boars.
- Author
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Vier, Carine M., Ning Lu, Silva, Gustavo, Zaragoza, Luis E., Knopf, Brandon, Navales, Ron A., Cast, Wayne R., Dritz, Steve S., and Orlando, Uislei A.
- Subjects
BOARS ,LYSINE ,SWINE housing ,SWINE ,GENDER ,AMINO acids ,SWINE breeding ,PLANT nurseries - Abstract
Our objective was to determine the effects of increasing dietary standardized ileal digestible (SID) lysine (Lys) on the growth performance of late nursery pigs. A total of 1,125 pigs (PIC 337×Camborough, initially 12.0±0.66 kg) were used in a 21-d study. The pigs used in the study were sired by boars ranked in the top 15% of a selected PIC elite boar stud based on index. Pens of pigs were blocked by body weight and randomly allotted to 1 of 5 treatments containing 0.95, 1.10, 1.20, 1.35, and 1.50% of SID Lys. Diets were corn-soybean mealbased and contained 2,480 Kcal of NE/kg. Treatments were achieved with increasing feed-grade amino acids. There were 9 mixed gender pens per treatment and 25 pigs per pen. Data were analyzed using generalized linear and nonlinear mixed models with pen as the experimental unit. Competing models included linear, quadratic polynomial (QP), broken-line linear (BLL), and broken-line quadratic (BLQ). Increasing SID Lys concentration improved average daily gain (ADG, linear, P < 0.001) and gain to feed ratio (G:F, quadratic, P = 0.011). The best-fitting models for ADG were QP and BLL. The QP model estimated the maximum ADG at 1.43% (95% CI: 1.12 to >1.50%), with 99% of maximum ADG achieved at 1.27%. The BLL plateau was estimated at 1.31% (95%CI: 1.06 to >1.50%). The best-fitting models for G:F were QP, BLL, and BLQ. The QP model estimated the maximum G:F at 1.48% (95%CI: 1.23 to >1.50%), with 99% of maximum G:F achieved at 1.24%. The BLL plateau was estimated at 1.30% (95% CI: 1.18 to 1.41%), whereas the BLQ plateau was estimated at 1.36% (95%CI: 1.14 to >1.50%). In conclusion, the estimated optimum SID Lys concentration for 12- to 26-kg pigs sired by high index boars ranged from 1.30 to 1.48%, depending on the response criteria and statistical model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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