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3. Comparing traditional and digital soil mapping at a district scale using residual maximum likelihood analysis

Author

Zare, E., Ahmed, M.F., Malik, R.S., Subasinghe, R., Huang, J., and Triantafilis, J.

Subjects
Soil moisture -- Comparative analysis, Soil surveys -- Methods -- Technology application, Technology application, Agricultural industry, Earth sciences
Abstract

Conventional soil mapping uses field morphological observations to classify soil profiles into predefined classification systems and extrapolates the classified soils to make a map based on aerial photographs and the experience of the surveyor. A criticism of this approach is that the subjectivity of the surveyor leads to non-reproducible maps. Advances in computing and statistical analysis, and an increased availability of ancillary data have cumulatively led to an alternative, referred to as digital soil mapping (DSM). In this research, two agriculturally productive areas (i.e. Warren and Trangie) located in central New South Wales, Australia, were considered to evaluate whether pedoderms and soil profile classes defined according to the traditional approach can also be recognised and mapped using a DSM approach. First, we performed a fuzzy k-means analysis to look for clusters in the ancillary data, which include data from remote-sensed gamma-ray ([gamma]-ray) spectrometry and proximal-sensed electromagnetic (EM) induction. We used the residual maximum likelihood method to evaluate the maps for various numbers of classes (k = 2-10) to minimise the mean square prediction error ([[sigma].sup.2.sub.p,C]) of soil physical (i.e. clay content, field capacity (FC), permanent wilting point (PWP) and available water content (AWC)) and chemical (pH, EC of 1 :5 soil water extract ([EC.sub.1:5]) and cation exchange capacity (CEC)) properties of topsoil (0-0.3 m) and subsoil (0.6-0.9 m). In terms of prediction, the calculated [[sigma].sup.2.sub.p,C] was locally minimised for k=8 when accounting for topsoil clay, FC, PWP, pH and CEC, and subsoil FC, [EC.sub.1:5] and CEC. A comparison of [[sigma].sup.2.sub.p,C] of the traditional (seven pedoderm components) and DSM approach (k=8) indicated that only topsoil [EC.sub.1:5] and subsoil pH was better accounted for by the traditional approach, whereas topsoil clay content, and CEC and subsoil clay, [EC.sub.1:5] and CEC were better resolved using the DSM approach. The produced DSM maps (e.g. k = 3, 6 and 8) also reflected the pedoderm components identified using the traditional approach. We concluded that the DSM maps with k = 8 classes reflected the soil profile classes identified within the pedoderms and that soil maps of similar accuracy could be developed from the EM data independently. Additional keywords: electromagnetic induction, fuzzy k-means clustering, gamma-ray spectrometry, linear mixed model., Introduction Conventional soil mapping uses field observations of morphological (e.g. structure and colour), physical (e.g. soil texture) and chemical (e.g. pH and salinity) properties to classify soil into predefined classification [...]

Published
2018
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4. A new record of the puffer fish Takifugu oblongus (Bloch, 1786) from the northern Persian Gulf, Iran

Author

M. Naderi email ; P. Zare; E. Azvar; D. Pitassy

Subjects
Takifugu oblongus, First record, Bandar-e-Abbas city, Persian Gulf, Iran, Agriculture, Aquaculture. Fisheries. Angling, SH1-691
Abstract

The new record of a puffer fish âTakifugu oblongus Bloch, 1786â (Tetraodontiformes, Tetraodontidae) is recorded for the first time the muddy shores of the inter-tidal zone of Bandar-e-Abbas city, in the northern Persian Gulf, Iran in March 2011. The morphological features of Takifugu oblongus are described. This species has previously been recorded from Indo-West Pacific, South Africa to Indonesia, Japan, China, and Korea (locality type). This finding considerably extends our knowledge of the distribution of Takifugu oblongus.

Published
2014

5. Macrophage Cell Membrane-Cloaked Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

Author

Lopes, J, Lopes, D, Pereira-Silva, M, Peixoto, D, Veiga, F, Hamblin, M, Conde, J, Corbo, C, Zare, E, Ashrafizadeh, M, Tay, F, Chen, C, Donnelly, R, Wang, X, Makvandi, P, Paiva-Santos, A, Lopes, Joana, Lopes, Daniela, Pereira-Silva, Miguel, Peixoto, Diana, Veiga, Francisco, Hamblin, Michael R, Conde, João, Corbo, Claudia, Zare, Ehsan Nazarzadeh, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Tay, Franklin R, Chen, Chengshui, Donnelly, Ryan F, Wang, Xiangdong, Makvandi, Pooyan, Paiva-Santos, Ana Cláudia, Lopes, J, Lopes, D, Pereira-Silva, M, Peixoto, D, Veiga, F, Hamblin, M, Conde, J, Corbo, C, Zare, E, Ashrafizadeh, M, Tay, F, Chen, C, Donnelly, R, Wang, X, Makvandi, P, Paiva-Santos, A, Lopes, Joana, Lopes, Daniela, Pereira-Silva, Miguel, Peixoto, Diana, Veiga, Francisco, Hamblin, Michael R, Conde, João, Corbo, Claudia, Zare, Ehsan Nazarzadeh, Ashrafizadeh, Milad, Tay, Franklin R, Chen, Chengshui, Donnelly, Ryan F, Wang, Xiangdong, Makvandi, Pooyan, and Paiva-Santos, Ana Cláudia

Abstract

Biomimetic approaches utilize natural cell membrane-derived nanovesicles to camouflage nanoparticles to circumvent some limitations of nanoscale materials. This emergent cell membrane-coating technology is inspired by naturally occurring intercellular interactions, to efficiently guide nanostructures to the desired locations, thereby increasing both therapeutic efficacy and safety. In addition, the intrinsic biocompatibility of cell membranes allows the crossing of biological barriers and avoids elimination by the immune system. This results in enhanced blood circulation time and lower toxicity in vivo. Macrophages are the major phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. They are equipped with a complex repertoire of surface receptors, enabling them to respond to biological signals, and to exhibit a natural tropism to inflammatory sites and tumorous tissues. Macrophage cell membrane-functionalized nanosystems are designed to combine the advantages of both macrophages and nanomaterials, improving the ability of those nanosystems to reach target sites. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of these biomimetic nanosystems for targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents to tumors, inflammatory, and infected sites. The present review covers the preparation and biomedical applications of macrophage cell membrane-coated nanosystems. Challenges and future perspectives in the development of these membrane-coated nanosystems are addressed.

Published
2022

6. An error budget for soil salinity mapping using different ancillary data

Author

Huang, J., Zare, E., Malik, R.S., and Triantafilis, J.

Subjects
United States. Department of Agriculture -- Analysis, Electrical conductivity, Soils, Salts in, Digital mapping, Electromagnetism, Gamma rays, Budget, Agricultural industry, Earth sciences, Soil Science Society of America
Abstract

Secondary soil salinisation occurs as a function of human interaction with the landscape. Increasing salinity is a major constraint to crop yield. The electrical conductivity of a saturated soil-paste extract ([EC.sub.e], dS [m.sup.-1]) defines the level of salinity in soil. In order to manage salinity, farmers need to map its variation. However, [EC.sub.e] determination is time-consuming and expensive. Digital mapping of [EC.sub.e] is possible by using ancillary data such as easy-to-obtain digital elevation model, gamma-ray spectrometry and electromagnetic (EM) induction data. In this paper, we used these ancillary data and empirical best linear unbiased prediction (E- BLUP) to make a digital map of [EC.sub.e]. In this regard, we found that elevation, radioelement of thorium (Th) and logEM38-v were the most statistically useful ancillary data. We also developed an error-budget procedure to quantify the relative contributions that model, input (for all the ancillary datasets), and combined and individual covariate (for each of the ancillary datasets) error made to the prediction error of our map of [EC.sub.e]. The error-budget procedure used ordinary kriging, E-BLUP and conditional simulation to produce numerous realisations of the data and their underlying errors. Results show that the combined error of model error and input error was -4.44 dS [m.sup.-1]. Compared with the standard deviation of observed soil [EC.sub.e] (3.61 dS [m.sup.-1]). the error was large. Of this error, most was attributable to the input error (1.38 dS [m.sup.-1]), which is larger than the model error (0.02 dS [m.sup.-1]). In terms of the input error, we determined that the larger standard deviation is attributable to the lack of ancillary data, namely the [EC.sub.a] in areas adjacent to the Darling River and on the aeolian dune where data collection was difficult owing to dense native vegetation. Additional keywords: electromagnetic induction, digital elevation model, γ-ray spectrometry, salinity, uncertainty., Introduction Secondary soil salinisation occurs as a function of human interaction with the landscape and results from the mobilisation of primary salts (i.e. cyclical, aeolian or connate) into the root-zone. [...]

Published
2015
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8. Risk factors and outcomes of placenta previa in pregnant women

Author

Kashani E (MD), Tabandeh A (MD), Karimi Zare E (MD), and Roshandel G (MD)

Subjects
Placenta previa, Risk factors, Pregnancy, Cesarean section, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background and Objective: Placenta previa (PP) is a common cause of pri-partum bleeding leading to high mortality and morbidity in mothers and neonates. This study was conducted to determine risk factors and outcomes of PP in Golestan province of Iran. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was done on pregnant women admitted for deliverly to the Dezyani hospital of Gorgan, Iran during 2002-07. All PP cases were recruited as case group and 251 non-PP ones were entered into the study as control group. Student t-test and Chi-Square test were used to assess the relationship between variables. Results: In this study out of 33473 pregnant cases, 82 women (0.24%) had PP. The mean (±SD) age of mothers with PP was 28.5 (±6.2) years. There was a significant correlation between PP and delivery method (P

Published
2011

10. Proximally sensed digital data library to predict topsoil clay across multiple sugarcane fields of Australia: Applicability of local and universal support vector machine

Author

Arshad, M, Zhao, D, Zare, E, Sefton, M, Triantafilis, J, Arshad, M, Zhao, D, Zare, E, Sefton, M, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

Knowledge about topsoil (0–0.3 m) clay is required to maintain sugarcane profitability in Queensland, Australia. However, laboratory analysis to get this knowledge is tedious and time consuming. To add value to limited clay data, a digital soil map (DSM) can be created by using digital data and mathematical models. At the field level, site-specific linear regression (LR) models are often used along with gamma-ray (γ-ray) spectrometry and electromagnetic induction data (i.e. soil apparent electrical conductivity – ECa). But these LR might not perform well in site-independent calibrations across multiple sites. In this regard, support vector machine (SVM) might be useful. In this research, we first aimed to determine, using a stepwise SVM and calibration dataset, the optimal digital data (i.e. individual or combined) to develop local (for each individual site) and universal (for combined sites) SVM models. Using optimal digital data, our second aim was to predict clay for validation datasets by using local SVM in site-specific approach and universal SVM in site-independent, holdout and spiking approaches. Using these approaches, DSM of predicted clay and associated uncertainty were generated for a representative study site (i.e., Mossman). The third aim was to determine the suitable number of spiking samples and by varying the size of both spiking set and calibration model. Approaches were compared using prediction agreement (Lin's concordance) and accuracy (ratio of performance to deviation – RPD). We concluded from stepwise SVM that combining digital data resulted in better accuracy (RPD = 2.17) than individual γ-ray (1.79) or ECa (1.49) data. In terms of independent validation, the results of Mossman reflected the general rank order of different approaches with site-specific (3.03) excellent, spiking (1.89) very good, site-independent (1.84) good and holdout (1.18) poor predictions. In case of DSM and uncertainty maps, under-predictions were problematic at field ed

Published
2021

11. Iron-based metal-organic framework:synthesis, structure and current technologies for water reclamation with deep insight into framework integrity

Author

Joseph, J. (Jessy), Iftekhar, S. (Sidra), Srivastava, V. (Varsha), Fallah, Z. (Zari), Zare, E. N. (Ehsan Nazarzadeh), Sillanpää, M. (Mika), Joseph, J. (Jessy), Iftekhar, S. (Sidra), Srivastava, V. (Varsha), Fallah, Z. (Zari), Zare, E. N. (Ehsan Nazarzadeh), and Sillanpää, M. (Mika)

Abstract

Water is a supreme requirement for the existence of life, the contamination from the point and non-point sources are creating a great threat to the water ecosystem. Advance tools and techniques are required to restore the water quality and metal-organic framework (MOFs) with a tunable porous structure, striking physical and chemical properties are an excellent candidate for it. Fe-based MOFs, which developed rapidly in recent years, are foreseen as most promising to overcome the disadvantages of traditional water depolluting practices. Fe-MOFs with low toxicity and preferable stability possess excellent performance potential for almost all water remedying techniques in contrast to other MOF structures, especially visible light photocatalysis, Fenton, and Fenton-like heterogeneous catalysis. Fe-MOFs become essential tool for water treatment due to their high catalytic activity, abundant active site and pollutant-specific adsorption. However, the structural degradation under external chemical, photolytic, mechanical, and thermal stimuli is impeding Fe-MOFs from further improvement in activity and their commercialization. Understanding the shortcomings of structural integrity is crucial for large-scale synthesis and commercial implementation of Fe-MOFs-based water treatment techniques. Herein we summarize the synthesis, structure and recent advancements in water remediation methods using Fe-MOFs in particular more attention is paid for adsorption, heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis with clear insight into the mechanisms involved. For ease of analysis, the pollutants have been classified into two major classes; inorganic pollutants and organic pollutants. In this review, we present for the first time a detailed insight into the challenges in employing Fe-MOFs for water remediation due to structural instability.

Published
2021

14. Identifying potential leakage zones in an irrigation supply channel by mapping soil properties using electromagnetic induction, inversion modelling and a support vector machine

Author

Zare, E, Li, N, Khongnawang, T, Farzamian, M, Triantafilis, J, Zare, E, Li, N, Khongnawang, T, Farzamian, M, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

The clay alluvial plains of Namoi Valley have been intensively developed for irrigation. A condition of a license is water needs to be stored on the farm. However, the clay plain was developed from prior stream channels characterised by sandy clay loam textures that are permeable. Cheap methods of soil physical and chemical characterisations are required to map the supply channels used to move water on farms. Herein, we collect apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) from a DUALEM-421 along a 4-km section of a supply channel. We invert ECa to generate electromagnetic conductivity images (EMCI) using EM4Soil software and evaluate two-dimensional models of estimates of true electrical conductivity (σ—mS m−1) against physical (i.e., clay and sand—%) and chemical properties (i.e., electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste extract (ECe—dS m−1) and the cation exchange capacity (CEC, cmol(+) kg−1). Using a support vector machine (SVM), we predict these properties from the σ and depth. Leave-one-site-out cross-validation shows strong 1:1 agreement (Lin’s) between the σ and clay (0.85), sand (0.81), ECe (0.86) and CEC (0.83). Our interpretation of predicted properties suggests the approach can identify leakage areas (i.e., prior stream channels). We suggest that, with this calibration, the approach can be used to predict soil physical and chemical properties beneath supply channels across the rest of the valley. Future research should also explore whether similar calibrations can be developed to enable characterisations in other cotton-growing areas of Australia.

Published
2020

15. Mapping cation exchange capacity using a quasi-3d joint inversion of EM38 and EM31 data

Author

Zhao, D, Li, N, Zare, E, Wang, J, Triantafilis, J, Zhao, D, Li, N, Zare, E, Wang, J, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

Cation exchange capacity (CEC, cmol(+) kg−1) is a measure of the capacity of soil to retain and exchange cations. However, it is expensive to sample and directly measure across a heterogenous field and at different depths. To add value to limited data, proximally sensed apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa, mS m−1) from electromagnetic (EM) instruments has been coupled to CEC at each depth through a linear regression (LR) model. In this study, LR between ECa and depth specific CEC was compared with a LR developed between true electrical conductivity (σ, mS m−1), inverted from ECa, and CEC from various depths, including topsoil (0–0.3 m), subsurface (0.3–0.6 m), shallow subsoil (0.6–0.9 m) and deeper subsoil (0.9–2.1 m). We estimate σ using quasi-3d (q-3d) inversion software (EM4Soil) considering inversion of EM38 and EM31 ECa either alone or in combination (joint inversion), in horizontal (ECah) and vertical (ECav) modes, and EM38 at two different heights (i.e. 0.2 or 0.4 m). The calibration results showed LR between ECa and depth specific CEC in the topsoil (R2 = 0.31), subsurface (0.37) and shallow subsoil (0.52) was unsatisfactory. Stronger LR could be established for deeper subsoil CEC (> 0.60). However, a single LR could be developed between CEC at all depths with σ (R2 = 0.72) estimated by jointly inverting EM38 (0.2 m) and EM31 ECa in both modes using a forward model (CF), inversion algorithm (S2) and small damping factor (λ = 0.03). A leave-one-out-cross-validation showed CEC prediction was precise (RMSE, 2.39 cmol(+) kg−1), unbiased (ME, -0.01 cmol(+) kg−1) with good concordance (Lin's = 0.82). To improve areal prediction closer spaced transects are required, while to improve vertical resolution of prediction we recommend the use of a single-frequency multi-coil array DUALEM-421.

Published
2020

16. Reconnaissance scale mapping of salinity in three-dimensions using EM38 and EM34 data and inversion modelling

Author

Wang, J, Zhao, X, Zhao, D, Arshad, M, Zare, E, Triantafilis, J, Wang, J, Zhao, X, Zhao, D, Arshad, M, Zare, E, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

In irrigated areas, the spectre of soil salinisation is ever-present. To obtain baseline data to map salt, or the soil electrical conductivity of a saturated soil paste extract (ECe, dS m−1), we use electromagnetic (EM) data from a survey of EM38 and EM34 data with EM inversion software (EM4Soil). This is because the collected apparent electrical conductivity (ECa, mS m−1) can be inverted to estimate true electrical conductivity (σ, mS m−1) and correlated with ECe. To do this we use a quasi-two dimensional (Q-2D) model along a pseudo-transect, which includes seven soil sample locations, to make a linear regression (LR) calibration between σ and ECe (i.e., ECe = 0.0122 × σ − 0.0535 [R2 =.71]). From the joint inversion of interpolated EM38 and EM34 ECa across 40,000 ha, a quasi-three dimensional (Q-3D) model was then used to predict ECe. The model was validated using 30 soil sample locations scattered across the area. The agreement between predicted and measured ECe was moderate (Lin's concordance = 0.59) and conclude that useful information on a reconnaissance scale can be obtained and indicates where more detailed information may be collected to confirm areas of moderate salinity. To better predict ECe, more ECa could be collected on smaller grid spacings (i.e., 0.5 km and 1 km in irrigated and dryland areas, respectively). To improve resolving depth of ECe we recommend including ECa from a single-frequency multiple-coil array DUALEM-421.

Published
2020

17. Determination of the optimal mathematical model, sample size, digital data and transect spacing to map CEC (Cation exchange capacity) in a sugarcane field

Author

Zhao, X, Arshad, M, Li, N, Zare, E, Triantafilis, J, Zhao, X, Arshad, M, Li, N, Zare, E, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

The cation exchange capacity (CEC) is an important property because it influences soil structural stability, nutrient availability, pH and reaction to fertilisers. To assist Australian sugarcane farmers balance sugarcane-yield and minimise fertiliser run-off, the six-easy-steps nutrient management guidelines were developed. In this research we compare and contrast various aspects of digital soil mapping (DSM) of topsoil (0–0.3 m) and subsoil (0.6–0.9 m) CEC, including: choice of model (i.e. linear mixed model – LMM, regression kriging – RK, Cubist, random forest – RF and support vector machine – SVM), digital data (i.e. gamma-ray (γ-ray) spectrometry and apparent conductivity (ECa)) in combination or independent, transect spacing (i.e. 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 60, 80 m) and number of samples (i.e. 120, 110,…, 10) for calibration. We test these using a validation (i.e. 40) data set. The comparisons were evaluated considering the agreement between measured and predicted CEC using Lin's concordance correlation coefficient (LCCC) and accuracy using root mean square error (RMSE). The results indicate that for the DSM of topsoil CEC, the Cubist with an intermediate number of calibration samples (i.e. 80) using in combination both γ-ray and ECa was optimal in terms of agreement (LCCC = 0.79). For subsoil, a smaller number (i.e. 30) of soil samples for calibration was required to achieve good agreement (LCCC = 0.89). In terms of accuracy, the accuracy (RMSE = 5.42 cmol(+)/kg) of subsoil CEC was satisfactory, as it was less than half standard deviation (SD) (7.55 cmol(+)/kg) of measured CEC. While not the same for topsoil CEC, the accuracy (RMSE = 1.93 cmol(+)/kg) was not as satisfactory as it was over half measured topsoil CEC SD (1.68 cmol(+)/kg). The results also showed that while γ-ray alone was superior to ECa data for prediction, better results were achieved when both digital data were used in combination. In terms of a suitable transect spacing for collection of digital dat

Published
2020

19. Distribution of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes among ESBL-producing P. aeruginosa isolated from Qazvin and Tehran hospitals, Iran

Author

Peymani, A., Naserpour-Farivar, T., Zare, E., and Azarhoosh, KH.

Subjects
Male, bla CTX-M, bla SHV, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Iran, bla TEM, Polymerase Chain Reaction, Hospitals, beta-Lactam Resistance, beta-Lactamases, Anti-Bacterial Agents, ESBL, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Humans, Original Article, Female
Abstract

Summary Introduction. Pseudomonas aeruginosa is as an important opportunistic human pathogen, which is associated with several clinical infections that are usually difficult to treat because of resistance to multiple antimicrobials. The production of extendedspectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) is an important mechanism of ß-lactam resistance. The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence of ESBLs, antimicrobial susceptibility, and to detect the blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. Methods. In this study, carried out from March 2013 to December 2014, 266 P. aeruginosa isolates were collected from patients admitted to teaching hospitals of Qazvin and Tehran, Iran. All isolates were initially screened for ESBL production by disk diffusion method and were further confirmed using a combined disk method. Antimicrobial susceptibility of ESBL-producing isolates was determined by standard disk diffusion method. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing techniques were employed for detection of blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCTX-M genes. Results. In total, 262 (98.5%) P. aeruginosa isolates were nonsusceptible to the used extended spectrum cephalosporins, and, among these, 75 (28.6%) isolates were ESBL producers. Fifty-nine (78.7%) of ESBL-producing isolates showed multidrug-resistance pattern. Of 75 ESBL-positive isolates, the blaTEM-1 (26.7%) was the most common gene, followed by blaCTX-M-15 (17.3%), blaSHV-1 (6.7%), and blaSHV-12 (4%), either alone or in combination. Conclusions. The results of this study showed the notable prevalence of ESBLs among the clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa in Iran, indicating the urgency for the implementation of appropriate follow-up measures for infection control and proper administration of antimicrobial agents in our medical settings.

Published
2017

20. Digital regolith mapping of clay across the Ashley irrigation area using electromagnetic induction data and inversion modelling

Author

Zhao, X, Wang, J, Zhao, D, Li, N, Zare, E, Triantafilis, J, Zhao, X, Wang, J, Zhao, D, Li, N, Zare, E, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

In the cotton growing areas of NSW issues associated with water use efficiency and storage reservoirs are problematic, because leakage has led to point source salinization in some areas. Information about the areal distribution of clay is therefore necessary to assist farmers to understand where existing water storages may be better relocated. To map clay efficiently, we show how electromagnetic (EM) induction data from a reconnaissance survey of EM38 and EM34 instruments can be used in association with an EM inversion software package called EM4Soil. This is because the collected apparent electrical conductivity (EC a – mS m −1 ) data can be inverted to estimate the true electrical conductivity (σ – mS m −1 ) and correlated with clay. The first aim was to develop a quasi-two-dimensional (Q-2D) model, which could be used to establish a linear regression (LR) relationship between σ and clay collected from 10 soil sample locations to a depth of 12 m, along a single transect of EM38 and EM34 EC a data. This was achieved with an LR equation of the form Clay = 22.12 + 0.20σ with a good correlation coefficient (R 2 = 0.74). The second aim was to use the LR to predict clay using a quasi-3D three-dimensional (Q-3D) model developed from EM38 and EM34 electrical conductivity (EC a ) data collected on an approximate 0.5–1 km grid across 50,000 ha. A validation set of clay, collected from 34 soil sample locations, indicated a good concordance was achieved (Lin's = 0.80). We conclude the approach provides useful information on a reconnaissance scale and indicates where more detailed information may be collected to confirm problematic areas. In this regard, suitable structural work for improvements can be suggested. In addition, locations can be identified and where more suitable locations for storages can be investigated. To better resolve the areal short scale variation and where the present and prior streams are juxtaposed against the clay alluvial plain, more EC a data should

Published
2019

21. Three-dimensional mapping of clay and cation exchange capacity of sandy and infertile soil using em38 and inversion software

Author

Khongnawang, T, Zare, E, Zhao, D, Srihabun, P, Triantafilis, J, Khongnawang, T, Zare, E, Zhao, D, Srihabun, P, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

Most cultivated upland areas of northeast Thailand are characterized by sandy and infertile soils, which are difficult to improve agriculturally. Information about the clay (%) and cation exchange capacity (CEC—cmol(+)/kg) are required. Because it is expensive to analyse these soil properties, electromagnetic (EM) induction instruments are increasingly being used. This is because the measured apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa—mS/m), can often be correlated directly with measured topsoil (0–0.3 m), subsurface (0.3–0.6 m) and subsoil (0.6–0.9 m) clay and CEC. In this study, we explore the potential to use this approach and considering a linear regression (LR) between EM38 acquired ECa in horizontal (ECah) and vertical (ECav) modes of operation and the soil properties at each of these depths. We compare this approach with a universal LR relationship developed between calculated true electrical conductivity (σ—mS/m) and laboratory measured clay and CEC at various depths. We estimate σ by inverting ECah and ECav data, using a quasi-3D inversion algorithm (EM4Soil). The best LR between ECa and soil properties was between ECah and subsoil clay (R2 = 0.43) and subsoil CEC (R2 = 0.56). We concluded these LR were unsatisfactory to predict clay or CEC at any of the three depths, however. In comparison, we found that a universal LR could be established between σ with clay (R2 = 0.65) and CEC (R2 = 0.68). The LR model validation was tested using a leave-one-out-cross-validation. The results indicated that the universal LR between σ and clay at any depth was precise (RMSE = 2.17), unbiased (ME = 0.27) with good concordance (Lin’s = 0.78). Similarly, satisfactory results were obtained by the LR between σ and CEC (Lin’s = 0.80). We conclude that in a field where a direct LR relationship between clay or CEC and ECa cannot be established, can still potentially be mapped by developing a LR between estimates of σ with clay or CEC if they all vary with depth.

Published
2019

22. CNS Post-Transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder in a Heart Recipient: A Case Report.

Author

Amin, A., Chenaghlou, M., Zare, E., Naderi, N., and Taghavi, S.

Subjects
LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE disorders, CASTLEMAN'S disease, DELAYED diagnosis, CENTRAL nervous system tumors, SYMPTOMS, DIAGNOSIS, YOUNG women
Abstract

Solid organ recipients have increased risk of malignancy in comparison with general population. Although post-transplant lymphoproliferative disorders are the second most common cancer in transplanted patients, primary CNS lymphoma is a rare presentation of these disorders. Among the wide range of neurologic complications in post-transplant period, some characteristics could be helpful for diagnosing of this disorder. Rarity of CNS lymphoma may lead to late diagnosis of this disease while early detection has utmost importance for better management of it. Here, we describe a heart recipient young woman with focal neurologic symptoms 14 months after transplantation and some features that could be helpful for on-time diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021

23. Mapping soil cation-exchange capacity using Bayesian modeling and proximal sensors at the field scale

Author

Li, N, Zare, E, Huang, J, Triantafilis, J, Li, N, Zare, E, Huang, J, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

Cation exchange capacity (CEC) affects soil fertility, acidity, and structural resilience. This is particularly the case in sugarcane growing areas of Australia because the soil there is sandy (>60%), strongly acidic (pH < 5.5), and strongly sodic (exchangeable sodium percentage [ESP] > 15%). Unfortunately, obtaining information on CEC at the field extent is time-consuming and expensive. Here, we used a digital soil mapping approach to add value to limited (40) topsoil (0-0.3 m) and subsoil (0.6-0.9 m) CEC information. We first collected proximally sensed ancillary data from three sources, including a digital elevation model (DEM), γ-ray (γ-ray) spectrometer (RS700) and electromagnetic (EM) induction instruments. We then use a Bayesian inference approach (Integrated Nested Laplace Approximation with Stochastic Partial Differential Equation, INLA-SPDE) implemented in R software to model the CEC and ancillary data. Accuracy (RMSE), bias (ME), and concordance (Lin's) of models were also generated from the different sources of ancillary data, either in combination or alone. We concluded, overall, that the INLA-SPDE approach could provide estimations of the posterior marginal distributions of the model parameters as well as the model responses as reported by other researchers. We also concluded that using the ancillary data sources in combination was most accurate (e.g., RMSE = 0.72) to predict CEC, least biased (e.g., ME = 0.07) and had the highest concordance (e.g., Lin's = 0.69) in both the topsoil and subsoil than using the ancillary data alone. The best ancillary data, when used alone for mapping CEC in the topsoil, was γ-ray spectrometry, followed by EM data and elevation. For subsoil CEC, it was elevation, followed by γ-ray spectrometry and then soil electrical conductivity (ECa) data. The maps of the credibility interval (CI) indicated that better predictions were achieved in the topsoil and indicated where improvements in prediction could be achieved in the subs

Published
2018

24. Three-dimensional imaging of active acid sulfate soil using a DUALEM-21S and EM inversion software

Author

Zare, E, Beucher, A, Huang, J, Boman, A, Mattbäck, S, Greve, MH, Triantafilis, J, Zare, E, Beucher, A, Huang, J, Boman, A, Mattbäck, S, Greve, MH, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

One of the major environmental issues in Finland is the presence of large tracts of acid sulfate soil (ASS) landscapes along the coast. Accurately identifying the distribution of ASS sediments, and in particular soil pH, is essential for developing targeted management strategies. One approach is the use of digital soil mapping (DSM) with various ancillary information. Although electromagnetic (EM) induction data has shown potential in mapping ASS, few studies have been conducted to map the spatial distribution of pH at different depths. In this study, a DUALEM-21S was used to collect apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) data across a 23-ha field near Vaasa, which lies along the western coast of Finland. A quasi-3D inversion algorithm was used to calculate the estimated true electrical conductivity (σ – mS m−1). A calibration relationship was developed between σ and incubation-pH measured at various depths from topsoil (0–0.2 m), subsurface (0.2–0.4 m) and subsoil (e.g. 0.4–0.6 and 1.8–2 m) using an artificial neural network (ANN) model. The performance of the ANN model was good given the large R2 values for calibration (0.72) and validation (0.65). It was concluded that the combination of ECa data and quasi-3D inversion algorithm (in EM4Soil) was able to map the spatial distribution of incubation-pH associated within an ASS landscape. The approach has the potential to be applied across the coastal areas of Finland and elsewhere to map incubation-pH and identify active-ASS areas and thereby improve the management of these areas.

Published
2018

25. Quantitative mapping of soil salinity using the DUALEM-21S instrument and EM inversion software

Author

Koganti, T, Narjary, B, Zare, E, Pathan, AL, Huang, J, Triantafilis, J, Koganti, T, Narjary, B, Zare, E, Pathan, AL, Huang, J, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

To generate baseline data for the purpose of monitoring the efficacy of remediation of a degraded landscape, we demonstrate a method for 3-dimensional mapping of electrical conductivity of saturated soil paste extract (ECe) across a study field in central Haryana, India. This is achieved by establishing a linear relationship between calculated true electrical conductivity (σ) and laboratory measured ECe at various depths (0–0.3, 0.3–0.6, 0.6–0.9, and 0.9–1.2 m). We estimate σ by inverting DUALEM-21S apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) data using a quasi-3-dimensional inversion algorithm (EM4Soil-V302). The best linear relationship (ECe = −11.814 + 0.043 × σ) was achieved using full solution (FS), S1 inversion algorithm, and a damping factor (λ) of 0.6 that had a large coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.84). A cross-validation technique was used to validate the model, and given the high accuracy (RMSE = 8.31 dS m−1), small bias (mean error = −0.0628 dS m−1), large R2 = 0.82, and Lin's concordance (0.93), between measured and predicted ECe, we were well able to predict the ECe distribution at all the four depths. However, the predictions made in the topsoil (0–0.3 m) at a few locations were poor due to limited data availability in areas where ECa changed rapidly. In this regard, improvements in prediction can be achieved by collection of ECa in more closely spaced transects, particularly in areas where ECa varies over short spatial scales. Also, equivalent results can be achieved using smaller combinations of ECa data (i.e., DAULEM-1S, DUALEM-2S), although with some loss in precision, bias, and concordance.

Published
2018

30. Mapping salinity in three dimensions using a DUALEM-421 and electromagnetic inversion software

Author

Zare, E, Huang, J, Monteiro Santos, FA, Triantafilis, J, Zare, E, Huang, J, Monteiro Santos, FA, and Triantafilis, J

Abstract

To implement management plans, the salt content across affected fields and with depth needs mapping. In this study, we developed a method to map the distribution of normal, uniformly saline, and inverted salinity profiles. We did this by establishing a linear regression (LR) between calculated true electrical conductivity (σ) and electrical conductivity of the saturated soil-paste extract (ECe). We estimated cr by inverting the apparent electrical conductivity (ECa) collected from a DUALEM-421. The ECa values were collected along 13 parallel transects spaced 50 m apart. The inversion was performed using a quasi-three-dimensional model available in the EM4Soil software, where we chose the full solution and S1 inversion algorithm with a damping factor (X) of 0.3. Using cross-validation, the quasi-three-dimensional model yielded a high accuracy (RMSE = 5.28 dS m-1), small bias (mean error [ME] = -0.03 dS m-1), and large R2 (0.88) and Lin's concordance (0.93). While slightly better results were achieved using individual LRs established at each depth increment overall (i.e., RMSE = 4.35 dS m-1, ME = -0.17 dS m-1, R2 = 0.92, and Lin's concordance = 0.96) and with the DUALEM-421 ECa, the inversion approach requires the development of a single LR (i.e., ECe = 4.1253 + 0.0167σ), which enables efficiencies in estimating salinity and allows ECe to be estimated at any depth where cr was estimated within a three-dimensional electromagnetic conductivity image. This can improve understanding of the cause and best management of salinity. Improvements in accuracy and bias can be achieved by collection of ECa on more closely spaced transects.

Published
2015

31. State-to-State Chemistry

Author

PHILIP R. BROOKS, EDWARD F. HAYES, RICHARD B. BERNSTEIN, T. F. MORAN, RICHARD N. ZARE, E. R. GRANT, M. J. COGGIOLA, Y. T. LEE, P. A. SCHULZ, AA. S. SUDBO, Y. R. SHEN, S. A. SAFRON, R. C. HORVAT, THOMPSON M. SLOANE, E. K. PARKS, S. H. SHEEN, G. DIMOPLON, S. WEXLER, JAMES L. KINSEY, M. W. GEIS, H. DIS

Published
1977

37. Macrophage Cell Membrane-Cloaked Nanoplatforms for Biomedical Applications

Author

Joana Lopes, Daniela Lopes, Miguel Pereira‐Silva, Diana Peixoto, Francisco Veiga, Michael R. Hamblin, João Conde, Claudia Corbo, Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare, Milad Ashrafizadeh, Franklin R. Tay, Chengshui Chen, Ryan F. Donnelly, Xiangdong Wang, Pooyan Makvandi, Ana Cláudia Paiva‐Santos, Lopes, J, Lopes, D, Pereira-Silva, M, Peixoto, D, Veiga, F, Hamblin, M, Conde, J, Corbo, C, Zare, E, Ashrafizadeh, M, Tay, F, Chen, C, Donnelly, R, Wang, X, Makvandi, P, and Paiva-Santos, A

Subjects
biomimetic nanoparticles, Macrophages, Cell Membrane, Reviews, Review, General Chemistry, macrophage, macrophages, Nanostructures, cell membrane-coated nanosystem, SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, Pharmaceutical Preparations, cell membrane‐coated nanosystems, Biomimetic Materials, biointerface, biomimetic nanoparticle, inflammation, Nanoparticles, cancer, General Materials Science, biointerfaces
Abstract

Biomimetic approaches utilize natural cell membrane-derived nanovesicles to camouflage nanoparticles to circumvent some limitations of nanoscale materials. This emergent cell membrane-coating technology is inspired by naturally occurring intercellular interactions, to efficiently guide nanostructures to the desired locations, thereby increasing both therapeutic efficacy and safety. In addition, the intrinsic biocompatibility of cell membranes allows the crossing of biological barriers and avoids elimination by the immune system. This results in enhanced blood circulation time and lower toxicity in vivo. Macrophages are the major phagocytic cells of the innate immune system. They are equipped with a complex repertoire of surface receptors, enabling them to respond to biological signals, and to exhibit a natural tropism to inflammatory sites and tumorous tissues. Macrophage cell membrane-functionalized nanosystems are designed to combine the advantages of both macrophages and nanomaterials, improving the ability of those nanosystems to reach target sites. Recent studies have demonstrated the potential of these biomimetic nanosystems for targeted delivery of drugs and imaging agents to tumors, inflammatory, and infected sites. The present review covers the preparation and biomedical applications of macrophage cell membrane-coated nanosystems. Challenges and future perspectives in the development of these membrane-coated nanosystems are addressed. [Abstract copyright: © 2022 The Authors. Small Methods published by Wiley-VCH GmbH.]

Published
2022

38. Micro and Nano Sensors from Additive Manufacturing

Author

Ehsan Nazarzadeh Zare, Pooyan Makvandi, Sezgin Ersoy, and Zare E. N., Makvandi P., Ersoy S.

Subjects
NANOSCIENCE & NANOTECHNOLOGY, Article Subject, Temel Bilimler, Physics, Temel Bilimler (SCI), Metals and Alloys, Mühendislik, Bilişim ve Teknoloji (ENG), MATERIALS SCIENCE, MULTIDISCIPLINARY, Fizik, Condensed Matter 1: Structural, Mechanical and Thermal Properties, Yüzeyler ve arayüzeyler, İnce filmler ve nanosistemler, NANOBİLİM VE NANOTEKNOLOJİ, MATERIALS SCIENCE, Yoğun Madde 1:Yapısal, Mekanik ve Termal Özellikler, Surfaces, Interfaces, Thin Films and Nanosystems, Natural Sciences (SCI), Physical Sciences, Materials Chemistry, Engineering and Technology, General Materials Science, Mühendislik ve Teknoloji, Natural Sciences, MALZEME BİLİMİ, ÇOKDİSİPLİNLİ, Engineering, Computing & Technology (ENG), Malzeme Bilimi
Published
2022

39. Seminal bacterial contaminations: Probable factor in unexplained recurrent pregnancy loss.

Author

Nabi A., Khalili M. A., Halvaei I., Ghasemzadeh J., and Zare E.

Subjects
*BACTERIAL colonies, *CHROMATIN, *SPERM count, *SPERM motility, *TOLUIDINE blue, *MICROORGANISMS
Abstract

Introduction: It is estimated that about 50% of causes of recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) cases remain unknown. Sperm factors are suggested to have probable role in cases with RPL. The goal was to determine the possible relationship between semen bacterial contaminations with unexplained RPL. Also, the correlation between number of bacterial colony and sperm chromatin condensation was examined. Materials and Methods: This study consisted of 30 fertile men (group A) and 30 infertile men (group B) with unknown RPL in their wives. Semen collection and analysis were done according to WHO manuals. Sperm count and motility were evaluated by Makler chamber. Eosin-Nigrosin and Papanicolaou staining methods were applied for viability and morphology assessment, respectively. The semen samples from both groups were cultured for aerobic bacteria. Aniline blue (AB) and toluidine blue (TB) staining methods were applied for evaluating sperm chromatin condensation. Results: The numbers of colonies were significantly higher in group B when compared to group A. Also, S. aureus and E. coli contaminations showed significant differences between two groups. Both AB+ and TB+ sperm cells showed significant increase in group B compared to group A. There was a significant negative correlation between colony number and progressive motility (p=0.01), and sperm viability (p=0.007). In addition, positive correlations were found between colony number and AB+ (p=0.001) and TB+ (p=0.004) as well. Conclusion: Bacterial contaminations in semen of men from RPL couples had significantly higher levels when compared to fertile controls. Presence of microorganisms in semen may be correlated with irregular sperm parameters and quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015

40. Anticancer activity of naringenin on human liposarcoma: An experimental and bioinformatic study.

Author

Asghariazar V, Karimi A, Adeli S, Kadkhodayi M, Zare E, Vajdi M, Nasimi Doost Azgoomi R, and Asghari Vostakolaei M

Subjects
Humans, Cell Line, Tumor, Antineoplastic Agents pharmacology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic drug effects, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition drug effects, Flavanones pharmacology, Liposarcoma drug therapy, Liposarcoma pathology, Liposarcoma genetics, Liposarcoma metabolism, Computational Biology, Cell Movement drug effects, Apoptosis drug effects, Cell Survival drug effects, Cell Proliferation drug effects
Abstract

Naringenin (NAR) has shown potential as a cancer treatment, reducing cell proliferation and invasion in soft tissue sarcomas like liposarcoma (LPS). This study investigates NAR's role and molecular mechanism. Bioinformatic analysis was performed to assess the expression level of genes in LPS based on the GEO dataset. The heat map and PPI of genes were also analyzed. MTT, wound healing, DAPI staining, and flow cytometry evaluated the cell viability, migration, and apoptosis. Besides, real-time PCR was used to measure the NAR's impact on the expression levels of EMT, apoptosis, inflammation, and metastasis-related genes. The results showed that NAR reduces cell viability, proliferation, and migration but induces apoptosis in LPS cells. RT-PCR results revealed that NAR is capable of regulating the expression level of the apoptosis, EMT, migration, and Inflammation-related genes. This study demonstrated that NAR may play a crucial role in reducing cell viability, inducing apoptosis, and attenuating migration in Sw872 LPS cells. Consequently, NAR might be a promising and efficient factor in the treatment of LPS., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All authors declare that they have no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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41. Multifactorial Contributors to the Longevity of Dental Restorations: An Integrated Review of Related Factors.

Author

Santos MJMC, Zare E, McDermott P, and Santos Junior GC

Abstract

Purpose: This integrated review aims to identify and analyze the multifactorial contributors to the longevity of direct restorations, focusing on tooth-, patient-, and dentist-related factors., Materials and Methods: A search of the literature was performed using an electronic database, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, and Scopus, on papers published between 1980 and 2024. The titles and abstracts of papers that evaluated aspects categorized into tooth-related, patient-related, and dentist-related factors influencing restoration failure were selected and screened. Full-text assessments were conducted, and the extracted data were compiled, summarized, and synthesized. The reference lists of the collected papers were also screened, and relevant citations were included in this review. Data were gathered from clinical and laboratorial studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses to provide a comprehensive understanding of restoration longevity., Results: Among the tooth-related factors, multiple-surface restorations, deep margins, tooth location, and tooth vitality significantly impact restoration survival. Patient-related factors such as medical conditions, risk predictors of caries, age, sex, parafunctional habits, smoking, periodontal health, number of restorations, and socioeconomic status all play crucial roles. Regarding dentist-related factors, the decision-making process, age, experience, and dentist manual dexterity are vital aspects. Furthermore, the technique used, including isolation methods for moisture control, as well as the type of dental practice (large group vs. small practice), notably influenced the restoration survival., Conclusions: The longevity of dental restorations is influenced by a complex interplay of tooth-related, patient-related, and dentist-related factors. Strategies to improve restoration outcomes should consider all these multifactorial contributors. Continuing professional education, diligent patient guidance on the factors that influence restoration survival, careful material selection and restorative technique, and tailored individual treatment are crucial factors to reduce failure rates and improve the lifespan of restorations.

Published
2024
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42. Psychometric properties of Persian version of the advanced activities of daily living scale: A psychometric study on Iranian older adults.

Author

Ghahremani L, Zare E, Karimi M, Nazari M, Khoramaki Z, and Dias EN

Abstract

This study was conducted to determine the psychometric properties of the Persian version of an AADL scale in Iranian older adults. A total of 237 males and females aged over 60 years old were recruited. Personal information questionnaires, the CASP-19 Quality of Life, and AADL questionnaires were used for data collection. SPSS 24 and IBM AMOS 24 were used for data processing and analysis. Three factors that had eigenvalues higher than one were extracted, which explained 51.2 % of the total variances. The Cronbach α of the total score was 0.76, and it was >0.64 for each extracted factor. The goodness of fit indices indicated an acceptable fit to the data in confirmatory factor analysis. The culturally modified Persian version of the AADL scale has acceptable psychometric properties and is proper for evaluating the advanced activities of daily living in the Iranian population., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no competing interests, (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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43. Bioengineered Abiotic Nanomaterials Through Cell Membrane-Camouflaging: Advancements and Challenges in Lung Cancer.

Author

Jin X, Lopes D, Lopes J, Hua Z, Lei Y, Ghanbari R, Nazarzadeh Zare E, Borzacchiello A, Karimi Male H, Iravani S, Sillanpää M, Prakash C, Wang X, Cláudia Paiva-Santos A, Makvandi P, and Xu Y

Abstract

Lung cancer remains a major global health concern with high mortality rates and poor prognosis. Bridging the gap between the chemical and cellular understanding of cell-decorated biomimetic nanocomposites and their clinical translation is crucial for developing effective therapies. Nanocomposites show promise in targeted drug delivery and diagnostics, but their clinical application is hindered by biocompatibility and clearance issues. To overcome these challenges, biomimetic approaches utilizing cell membrane-coated nanomaterials emerge. By camouflaging nanomaterials with cell membranes, the biointerfaces are enhanced, and the inherent properties of the donor cell membranes are acquired. This review provides an overview of recent advancements on cell membrane-coated nanocomposites for lung cancer diagnosis and treatment. It discusses fabrication techniques, biomedical applications, challenges, and future prospects. The incorporation of cell membranes into nanocomposites holds potential for improved lung cancer therapy, but further development and refinement are needed for precise tumor targeting. Addressing the identified challenges will pave the way for clinical translation of these biomimetic nanoplatforms and advance lung cancer diagnosis and treatment., (© 2024 Wiley‐VCH GmbH.)

Published
2024
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44. The effect of educational intervention based on the behavioral reasoning theory on self-management behaviors in type 2 diabetes patients: a randomized controlled trial.

Author

Ranjbar F, Karimi M, Zare E, and Ghahremani L

Subjects
Humans, Male, Female, Middle Aged, Iran, Adult, Psychological Theory, Aged, Surveys and Questionnaires, Health Behavior, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 therapy, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 psychology, Self-Management education, Patient Education as Topic methods
Abstract

Background: Diabetes self-management education is necessary to improve patient outcomes and reduce diabetes-related complications. According to the theory of behavioral reasoning, the likelihood of performing a behavior is predicted by the link between beliefs, motivation, intention, and behavior. This study aimed to investigate the effect of an educational intervention based on the Behavioral Reasoning Theory (BRT) on self-management behaviors in patients with Type 2 Diabetes., Methods: A randomized controlled trial based on BRT was conducted on 113 patients with type 2 diabetes, with a control group and an intervention group followed for 3and 6 months. Data were collected using a researcher-made demographic questionnaire based on the constructs of BRT and behaviors related to self-management in patients with type 2 diabetes. In the intervention group were provided, 8 sessions of diabetes self-management education based on BRT. The control group only received the usual training of the center. Data was analyzed using SPSS26 software., Results: After the educational interventions in the intervention group, there were statistically significant changes observed in the mean scores of all constructs, fasting blood sugar, and glycosylated hemoglobin. On the other hand, no statistically significant change was observed in the mean grades of the control group. All the observed changes were significant at the 0.05 level., Conclusions: The results of this study were in favor of the effectiveness of an educational intervention that promotes diabetes self-management behaviors, using the principles of the behavioral reasoning theory. Which can be used in the design of health promotion programs for patients with diabetes., Trial Registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials (IRCT), IRCT20131014015015N21., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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45. Neuroimmune response and oxidative stress in the prefrontal cortex mediate seizure susceptibility in experimental colitis in male mice.

Author

Moradipoor F, Jivad N, Asgharzadeh S, Zare E, and Amini-Khoei H

Subjects
Animals, Male, Mice, Neuroimmunomodulation, Disease Models, Animal, Oxidative Stress, Prefrontal Cortex metabolism, Prefrontal Cortex pathology, Seizures metabolism, Seizures chemically induced, Colitis chemically induced, Colitis metabolism, Colitis pathology
Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder. Oxidative stress and inflammatory responses have a vital role in the pathophysiology of IBD as well as seizure. IBD is associated with extraintestinal manifestations. This study aimed to explore the relationship between colitis and susceptibility to seizures, with a focus on the roles of neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in acetic acid-induced colitis in mice. Forty male Naval Medical Research Institute mice were divided into four groups: control, colitis, pentylenetetrazole (PTZ), and colitis + PTZ. Colitis was induced by intrarectal administration of acetic acid, and seizures were induced by intravenous injection of PTZ 7 days postcolitis induction. Following the measurement of latency to seizure, the mice were killed, and their colons and prefrontal cortex (PFC) were dissected. Gene expression of inflammatory markers including interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, NOD-like receptor protein 3, and toll-like receptor 4, as well as total antioxidant capacity (TAC), malondialdehyde (MDA), and nitrite levels were measured in the colon and PFC. Histopathological evaluations were performed on the colon samples. Data were analyzed by t-test or one-way variance analysis. Colitis decreased latency to seizure, increased gene expression of inflammatory markers, and altered levels of MDA, nitrite, and TAC in both the colon and PFC. Simultaneous induction of colitis and seizure exacerbated the neuroimmune response and oxidative stress in the PFC and colon. Results concluded that neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the PFC at least partially mediate the comorbid decrease in seizure latency in mice with colitis., (© 2024 Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2024
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46. Electrocardiography changes and different stages of heart failure in central Iran: A cross-sectional study from Yazd Health Study.

Author

Sadeghi S, Jokar M, Tezerjani SMSH, Haghaninejad H, Zare E, Meybodi ME, Hassanabadi MS, Mirzaei M, Mohammadi H, and Tabatabaei FS

Abstract

Background and Aims: Electrocardiography (ECG) is a widely accessible, noninvasive, and cost-effective diagnostic instrument used to evaluate patients with suspected heart failure (HF). The aim of this study is to investigate electrocardiographic changes in patients with different stages of HF in a random population of Yazd city., Methods: This prospective cross-sectional study included 319 individuals, randomly selected, aged 40 years and more, registered in the Yazd Health Study was conducted from March 2022 to May 2023 at Afshar Hospitals. In accordance with the AHA/ACC guidelines, HF was classified into four stages (A, B, C, and D)., Results: The 159 individuals were classified in the stage 0 group, 77 were in Stage A, 65 were in Stage B, and 18 were in Stage C of HF. In the Stage 0, the PR interval (PRi) was 130.5 ± 18.1 ms, while in Stage C, it was 143.3 ± 21.9 ms, with a significant difference ( p  = 0.047). Similarly, the QRS interval (QRSi) increased with HF staging ( p  = 0.001). The frequency of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), hyperlipidemia (HLP), chronic heart disease, alcoholism, and PRi, QRSi, QT interval levels were independent predictors of HF stage in multivariate regression analysis., Conclusion: The prevalence of HF stages, as classified by the AHA/ACC guidelines, was observed, with significant correlations between ECG parameters and HF progression. abnormal rhythms, left bundle branch block, ischemia, hypertrophy, and left atrial enlargement increased with higher HF stages. Major risk factors like DM and HTN exhibited a heightened prevalence in advanced HF stages, accentuating their pivotal role in the progression of HF., Competing Interests: The authors state that they have no conflicts of interest that might have influenced the outcome of this research., (© 2024 The Authors. Health Science Reports published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.)

Published
2024
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47. Multifunctional MXene-Based Platforms for Soft and Bone Tissue Regeneration and Engineering.

Author

Iravani S, Nazarzadeh Zare E, and Makvandi P

Subjects
Engineering, Nitrites, Bone and Bones, Bone Regeneration, Transition Elements
Abstract

MXenes and their composites hold great promise in the field of soft and bone tissue regeneration and engineering (TRE). However, there are challenges that need to be overcome, such as ensuring biocompatibility and controlling the morphologies of MXene-based scaffolds. The future prospects of MXenes in TRE include enhancing biocompatibility through surface modifications, developing multifunctional constructs, and conducting in vivo studies for clinical translation. The purpose of this perspective about MXenes and their composites in soft and bone TRE is to critically evaluate their potential applications and contributions in this field. This perspective aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges, advantages, limitations, and future prospects associated with the use of MXenes and their composites for soft and bone TRE. By examining the existing literature and research, the review seeks to consolidate the current knowledge and highlight the key findings and advancements in MXene-based TRE. It aims to contribute to the understanding of MXenes' role in promoting soft and bone TRE, addressing the challenges faced in terms of biocompatibility, morphology control, and tissue interactions.

Published
2024
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48. Oleuropein induces apoptosis in gastric cancer cell lines by regulating mir-34a, mir-21, and related genes: An experimental and bioinformatic study.

Author

Asghariazar V, Makaremi S, Zare E, Danesh H, Matin S, Fouladi N, and Safarzadeh E

Subjects
Humans, Cell Line, Tumor, Apoptosis genetics, Computational Biology, Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic, Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition genetics, Cell Proliferation genetics, Stomach Neoplasms drug therapy, Stomach Neoplasms genetics, Stomach Neoplasms metabolism, MicroRNAs genetics, MicroRNAs metabolism, Iridoid Glucosides
Abstract

Gastric Cancer (GC) is one of the most prevalent malignancies worldwide. Oleuropein, as a natural phenolic compound with anti-cancer characteristics, is a good option with low side effects to overcome the adverse impact of conventional treatments in cancer. This research evaluated Oleuropein's anti-cancer and apoptotic activities and the anti-migratory effects by modulating potential target genes in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Bioinformatic analysis was performed to predict possible Oleuropein's target genes. Then the importance of these genes was shown by UALCAN, Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO), and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) datasets in gastric cancer. Finally, the association between the selected genes was shown by Cytoscape network analysis. The MTT assay, DAPI staining, flow cytometry, and real-time PCR were applied in the current study. The results showed that the viability of cells was decreased, and the apoptosis rate increased in the Oleuropein-treated group. These findings revealed that Oleuropein regulated the expression of the apoptotic and metastatic genes and microRNAs in GC cells., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

Published
2024
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49. Investigation of homocysteine, D-dimer and platelet count levels as potential predictors of thrombosis risk in COVID-19 patients.

Author

Eslamifar Z, Behzadifard M, and Zare E

Abstract

Thrombosis plays an important role in induction of Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) complications including heart attack and stroke. Reliable biomarkers are needed to predict thrombosis risk for better management and improve patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between homocysteine, a thrombosis-related biomarker, and other thrombosis-related parameters, such as D-dimer and platelet count with disease outcome in COVID-19 patients. This case-control study including 50 intensive care unit hospitalized patients with Covid-19 with a positive RT-PCR test for SARS-CoV-2 infection and 50 healthy individuals as a control group was conducted. Both groups were matched for age and body mass index (BMI) and had no history of underlying diseases such as cardiovascular, liver, kidney or smoking. Blood samples were collected from both groups to measure serum homocysteine, platelet count and D-dimer levels. Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism version 8.3 software. The study found no statistically significant difference in homocysteine levels between COVID-19 patients and the control group. However, D-dimer levels were significantly higher in the patient group. Platelet count analysis revealed a significant difference between patients who died and those who were discharged from the hospital (P < 0.05). Despite previous studies suggesting a link between homocysteine and thrombosis, this study found no significant difference in homocysteine levels between COVID-19 patients and the control group. The significantly elevated D-dimer levels in the death group patient suggest that D-dimer and thrombocytopenia may be more reliable predictors of thrombosis and worse outcome in COVID-19 patients without underlying diseases., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Published
2024
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50. Evaluating clinical communication skills of medical students, assistants, and professors.

Author

Moezzi M, Rasekh S, Zare E, and Karimi M

Subjects
Humans, Cross-Sectional Studies, Attitude, Communication, Clinical Competence, Students, Medical
Abstract

Background: The skill of communicating with the patient is one of the basic clinical skills and part of the necessary competencies for medical doctors. The present study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, and performance (KAP) of medical students, assistants, and professors of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences regarding clinical communication skills with patients., Method: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the hospitals of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences in Iran. The study included a total of 289 participants, consisting of 51 professors, 72 assistants, 90 external staff, and 76 interns who work at these hospitals. The participants were selected through a convenience sampling method. The data-gathering tools used included a questionnaire to collect demographic characteristics, a researcher-made questionnaire to assess knowledge, a communication skills attitude questionnaire, and a communication skills survey questionnaire. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics such as mean, standard deviation, and frequency, as well as statistical tests that included one-way ANOVA and Pearson's correlation test. The significance level for the study was considered to be 0.05., Results: The mean scores of knowledge of professors were higher compared to other groups (P = 0.002). All participating groups had a positive attitude toward learning communication skills. There were statistically significant differences between the mean scores of the communication performance of the study groups (P < 0.001). There was a positive relationship between positive attitude and communication performance, and a significant negative relationship was observed between negative attitude and communication performance., Conclusion: The results indicate the relatively favorable attitude and performance of the groups and their low knowledge. It is suggested that the doctor-patient communication skills courses be included as one of the necessary courses in the medical education curriculum., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Published
2024
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