Search

For endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), it has been well established that the cage shape and size should match those of the endohedral cluster. As a result, sufficient cluster-cage interaction can be achieved, which is essential for mutual stabilization. Nevertheless, how a small endohedral cluster nests in a giant fullerene has been less explored. Herein, we report a pair of large oxide-cluster fullerene (OCF) isomers, denoted as Ho2O@C92-I and -II. Crystallographic studies reveal that major isomer-I possesses a D3(85)-C92 cage with a highly stretched Ho2O cluster inside, which contributes to achieving regular metal-cage contacts. Density functional theory (DFT) computations also reveal the predominant abundance of the D3(85) isomer relative to the other two possible minor species including C1(67) and C2(64) isomers. Moreover, electrochemical (EC) studies verify that the isomers exhibit almost identical redox behaviors, indicating their similar cage structures. On the basis of the remarkable topological similarity of D3(85) and C1(67) isomers, isomer-II is likely to be Ho2O@C1(67)-C92, though it remains to be confirmed. Our studies thus provide new insights into the cage-cluster interplay and cage isomerization, both contributing to a better understanding of large EMFs.

The massive development of internet of things (IoT) technologies is gaining momentum across all areas of their possible deployment-spanning from Industry 4.0 to eHealth, smart city, agriculture or waste management. This ongoing development is further pushed forward by the gradual deployment of 5G networks. With 5G capable smart devices, it will be possible to transfer more data with shorter latency thereby resulting in exciting new use cases such as Massive IoT. Massive-IoT (low-power wide area network-LPWAN) enables improved network coverage, long device operational lifetime and a high density of connections. Despite all the advantages of massive-IoT technology, there are certain cases where the original concept cannot be used. Among them are dangerous explosive environments or issues caused by subsurface deployment (operation during winter months or dense greenery). This article presents the concept of a hybrid solution of IoT LoRaWAN (long range wide area network)/IRC-VLC (infrared communication, visible light communication) technology, which combines advantages of both technologies according to the deployment scenario. Web of Science 71 3 5217 5201

This study focused on the use of technical solutions for automated parking for urban needs with regard to energetic self-sufficiency, balancing the price and usability of the building area for the optimal number of parking spaces and the goal of the maximum use of the building surface for green areas that provide not only oxygen production but also filtration of dust particles and appropriate water management.

This paper deals with the optimization of the assembly line for the automation of the manipulation of the verified part to ensure a suitable test position. The tests are performed on the brake system of the internal gearbox. The technical implementation of the pneumatic system, the extension of the control and visualization technology and the new product handling control system are described, and in conclusion the benefits of the above-mentioned extension are discussed.

This article deals with the design and implementation of regulation and visualization of the cooling system of hydrogen technologies in the research unit CENET (Centre of Energy Utilization of Non-traditional Energy Sources) at VSB-TU Ostrava. The method of energy conversion in a hydrogen laboratory and the methods of its regulation in connection with the cooling process and its setting for activities dependent on other installed non-traditional sources of electricity are analyzed. Finally, the implementation of control algorithms and visualization technology in the process of analysis and synthesis of hydrogen in electricity and back is discussed.

This article deals with analysis and design of automated guided vehicle platform for automated parking houses. There is some essential research in this area described, analysis of communication system between smart automated house solution and design of AGV itself in terms of hardware and software point of view.

Fullerene C84 is the third-most-abundant species after C60 and C70. In the past decade, a variety of C84-based clusterfullerenes have been well-studied experimentally, which otherwise do not includ...

The sub-nanometer sized void inside a fullerene cage permits the accommodation of a single atom, atomic cluster, or even small molecule, resulting in the formation of endohedral fullerenes. Particularly, clusterfullerenes can be formed by encapsulating multiple metallic ions in most cases along with nonmetal ions (i.e., N

The prototypical η1-coordinated complexes of endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs) have never been reported because of their low stability. Herein, we have developed a highly efficient radical-coupli...

Steering the cluster configuration inside a fullerene cage has been one of most interesting topics in the field of fullerenes, since the physical property of a cluster fullerene may be modified accordingly. It has been well-recognized that the cluster configuration can be tuned via altering the cage size. Typically, the carbide cluster and the oxide cluster are experimentally seen to be curled up within a small fullerene cage whereas they are expanded in a large cage. In this work, a new oxide cluster fullerene Ho2O@ C2(13333)-C74 is prepared and isolated. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) study reveals that the Ho2O cluster, however, expands within the small non-IPR cage of C2(13333)-C74 with a Ho-O-Ho angle of >170°, indicating that cluster configuration is highly related to the cage shape and cage structure as well. The DFT computation demonstrates that the cluster-to-cage electron-transfer obviously enhances the aromaticity of the motif containing the fused-pentagon pair and hence stabilizes the non-IPR cage of C2(13333)-C74. In addition, the electrochemical and magnetic properties of Ho2O@ C2(13333)-C74 are studied to further investigate the effect of endohedral Ho2O cluster.

The motivation and origin of this paper are given by educational reasons.The paper compares two approaches to the control design for a nonlinear model of three coupled tanks using nonlinear model-based predictive control (NMPC). The first proposed control design considers regulation of the water level in the third tank only, therefore it uses one-dimensional reference signal. The second design uses the three-dimensional vector of reference states, representing water levels in all three tanks. Furthermore, the effect of sampling period, prediction and control horizon length is examined in both variants.

The sub-nanometer cavity of fullerene cages is an ideal platform to accommodate otherwise unstable species for accurate structural characterization with, for example, rather accurate single crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD) crystallography. Herein, we report the successful entrapment of an isolated Ti3C3 moiety inside the icosahedral-C80 cage to form Ti3C3@Ih-C80via an arc-evaporation process in the gas phase. The single crystal XRD crystallographic results unambiguously reveal that the C3-unit adopts an unprecedented cyclopropane-like structure which coordinates with the three titanium atoms in an unexpected fashion where the triangular C3-unit is nearly perpendicular to the Ti3-plane. The intercalation of a cyclopropanated C3-unit into the titanium layer is thus unambiguously confirmed. The theoretical results reveal that the Ti3C3 cluster transfers six electrons to the Ih-C80 cage so that each titanium atom has a positive charge slightly above +2 and the C3-unit is negatively charged with about −1. It is noteworthy that this is the first observation of the cyclopropane-coordination fashion in any reported organometallic complex, providing new insights into coordination chemistry.

Vehicle To Home systems make it possible to connect smart homes with electric vehicles and draw electricity, in the event of a shortage in the smart home, or to store surpluses obtained from, for example, a solar power plant back into the electric car. To control the exchange, it is necessary to implement several basic algorithms that would allow to maintain the required amount of energy to reach the charging station, or to work. This article describes the analysis and partial implementation of control software for the Raspberry Pi platform.

The article deals with the design and implementation of a control unit for energy flow management in Vehicle To Home systems. Vehicle To Home systems use energy from an electric car battery to power a smart home and store excess energy back into the electric vehicle’s battery. A car with a Chademo interface was chosen for the tests. The designed control unit consists of a single-board computer Raspberry Pi 3B +, a designed printed circuit board and an electricity meter with communication via Modbus protocol. The control unit connects the superior system of the smart house, the battery management system and the developed two-way converter enabling the connection of the electric vehicle to the energy infrastructure of the smart house.

The long-term storage and disposal of radioactive waste is one of the major problems in nuclear energy. Deep geological disposal is widely agreed to be the best solution for storage of the radioactive waste. It is deposited in these repositories by conventional vehicles with human operator, which is exposed to radiation. For this reason, it is appropriate to develop new vehicles for the transport and storage of spent radioactive fuel that operates autonomously without the presence of an operator. Rail vehicles are most fitting type of transportation of the nuclear waste due high load capacity. The autonomous operation of this vehicles requires high demands on the control system, control strategy and safety. This article presents the design and implementation of distributed control system of rail vehicle for transport and storage of the waste. It includes the control system and strategy for coupling/decoupling and movement of connected vehicles. The control system is implemented in a programmable logic controller, which is widely used in industrial application.

In this paper smoothing filters were applied in order to improve inverted pendulum’s movement trajectory. The filtering was implemented in order to remove some signals’ artifacts. The authors tested various classical filters such as Savitzky-Golay and median filters. The authors decided to test the data from two types of inverted pendulums – single and triple.

Nowadays Off-Grid systems driven by intelligent data analysis, predictive models and real-time optimizations are frequently entitled as Smart Grids. They represent a future step in a sustainable energy supply for applications at various scales, from small household configurations to the systems operating on a scale of larger areas, especially parts of a town or village. One of the key characteristics of such systems is the lower short-circuit power caused by a lower and mostly stochastic nature of their power source, which is represented by a renewable energy source. This phenomenon directly implies the difficulties of sustainable power quality (PQ). Our paper presents an analysis on the lowest possible level, where the impact of household appliances is examined towards a specific kind of response due to PQ parameter variation. The analysis was performed on 120 combinations of appliances. Each combination consisted of three appliances running simultaneously in the microgrid. The measured data were subjected to a statistical analysis. This analysis finds there are several kinds of appliances we need to focus on, in order to express the PQ parameter change of a given parameter. The results show that the microwave, AC heating and drill appliances had a high impact on the total harmonic distortion of voltage (THDV) disturbance. The microwave, AC heating and mower had the highest impact on the total harmonic frequency (FREQ) and the power factor (PF). For the sake of completeness, specific features of the given appliances were examined as for their relevance to the PQ disturbance, which revealed the most relevant features to be taken into account during the development of a predictive model.

For endohedral metallofullerenes (EMFs), it has been well established that the cage shape and size should match those of the endohedral cluster. As a result, sufficient cluster-cage interaction can be achieved, which is essential for mutual stabilization. Nevertheless, how a small endohedral cluster nests in a giant fullerene has been less explored. Herein, we report a pair of large oxide-cluster fullerene (OCF) isomers, denoted as Ho

The first part of this article is an overview of portable cooling devices used for biomedical applications (especially for horse tissues therapy). Commonly used methods list is supplemented by examples of specific applications. The Peltier device used in experimental work is described and physical principles are presented with its focus in the realized cooling system. Further important parameters of Peltier elements are presented and their efficiency evaluated with an example of parameters of selected cells. The second part describes the design and implementation of the regulation in cooling system itself. There is a brief analysis of the capabilities of cooling system regulator with the Peltier devices as actuator, short description of used micro-controller, circuit diagram of the complete cooling circuit and conclusions of the individual design procedures. At the end there are experimental results presented.

Relative equilibrium populations of the IPR (isolated-pentagon-rule) isomers of Gd@C82 under the high-temperature synthetic conditions are calculated. The calculations are based on the Gibbs energy derived using characteristics from the density functional theory calculations (B3LYP/3-21G ∼ SDD entropy term, B2PLYPD/6-31+G* ∼ SDD energetics). In agreement with observations, Gd@C 2v (9)-C82 is the prevailing isomer while Gd@C s (c; 6)-C82 is predicted as a minor species.