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Copyright of Pediatric Endocrinology, Diabetes & Metabolism is the property of Termedia Publishing House and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Current studies show that diabetic patients are at greater risk of developing psychiatric disorders than general population. The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of depressive symptoms in school-aged children with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Methods: The study involved 477 children with T1D, with mean age of 13.1 ± 2.7 years and mean diabetes duration of 5.0 ± 3.5 years, treated for at least one year. Patients were asked to fill out the Polish version of the Children's Depression Inventory (CDI) and Quality of Life Questionnaire. Demographic data such as height, weight, diabetes duration, daily insulin dose (TDD) was also collected. Results: 17% (81/477) of all participants presented depressive symptoms (CDI = 13 scores), 20.9% of them were children ≥ 12 years of age, and 8.1% of them were children at the age of ≤ 12 years, p = 0.0005. Participants with CDI scores of 13 or higher were older (p = 0.002), had higher BMI (p = 0.029), TDD (p = 0.026) and lower quality of life (p < 0.0001) in comparison with children who scored < 13. There was no difference in glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) values between groups with and without depressive symptoms (p = 0.249). However, there is a correlation between HbA1c value and CDI score (r = 0.16; p = 0.0002). Conclusions. Depressive symptoms were observed in 1 out of 12 T1D children in a primary school and in 1 out of 5 teenagers. Depressive symptoms may affect metabolic control and quality of life. Therefore, early detection and treatment of depressive symptoms in T1D school children is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The management of diabetes type 1 in children below 9 years of age is completely dependent on the parents treatment decisions. The achievement of normoglyceamia is difficult due to incorrect eating habits, fear of hypoglycaemia, high insulin sensitivity, frequent infections, unpredictable physical activity, parental depression, financial problems. The aim of the study was to assess the family factors affecting metabolic control of children below 9 years of age with type 1 diabetes. Materials and methods. The study compared 88 parents of type 1 diabetic children under nine years of age, who filled in Beck Depression Inventory and a questionnaire especially prepared for this study on psychological, social, demographics and disease-related topics. Families were divided into two groups depending on children metabolic control: HbA1c<7,5% - good metabolic control and HbA1c=7,5% - poor metabolic control. Results. Parents of children with HbA1c=7,5% had lower education (p<0,05), more parents were employed as manual than office workers (p=0,004) and family income was lower (p=0,013). In the families of poorly controlled children there were more single parent families (p=0,008). There were no differences between groups in depressive symptoms. Conclusions. Family socio-economic factors have a significant impact on glycemic control in prepubertal children. Additional help, including financial and psychological support, more re-education should be individually tailored according to each patient's needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Depression is becoming a growing problem among children and adolescents. Therefore, it is important to diagnose it properly and start therapy early. Aim of the study was to assess the occurrence of depressive symptoms among pupils from 9 to 17 years of age. Material and methods: 800 pupils from randomly selected primary, secondary and high schools were included in the study, average age 14.4±1.9 years. The pupils filled in Children's Depression Inventory. α-Cronbach reliability coefficient is between 0.81-0.89. 751 (93.8%) questionnaires were used in this study. The results were assessed by a clinical psychologist. Mann-Whitney's test and exact Fisher's test were used in statistical analysis. Results: Depressive symptoms (T-score ≥70) were diagnosed in 9% (69/751) of children and adolescents. In comparison to children from primary schools (4%, 4/101), depressive symptoms were more frequent among students from secondary schools (9%, 36/413), OR=0.43, 95% CI 0.11-1.24; p=0.146 and high schools (12%, 29/237), OR=0.29, 95% CI 0.07-0.86; p=0.017. There was no statistical difference in the frequency of depressive symptoms among students from secondary and high schools. Suicidal thoughts were statistically more often in the group of children with T-score ≥70 (72%) vs. T-score <70 (17%), OR=12.4, 95% CI 6.88-23.11; p <0.0001. Girls reported more depressive symptoms than boys OR=2.63, 95% CI 1.44-5,03; p=0.0008. Results: One in every eight high school students and one in every eleven secondary school students reported depressive symptoms. Two thirds of students with depressive symptoms declared suicidal thoughts. Our study results indicate a necessity to carry out a multicenter screening covering the whole pediatric population to assess the frequency of depression and plan effective therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]