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Individuals' coping differs based on sociocultural determinants and the nature of illness. This study developed a coping typology for South Asians with chronic illnesses and differentiated the coping profiles based on sociocultural determinants. Individuals (n = 384) with chronic illness were recruited. The Brief COPE scale was used for data collection and latent profile analysis for typology development. The class differences were examined in terms of age, gender, socioeconomic status, education, type of family, smoking, primary decision maker in the family, type of community, number of years living with chronic illness and type of health care services used. Latent profile analysis supported four class model: Avoider‐Emotion (n = 34, 9%), Problem‐Emotion (n = 128, 33.9%), Problem‐Avoider (n = 55, 14.6%) and Emotion‐Avoider (n = 161, 42.6%) copers. Comparison of classes across chronic illness showed that individuals with chronic respiratory disorders were Emotion‐Avoider and Avoider‐Emotion copers, those with cardiac problems were Problem‐Emotional and Problem‐Avoiders copers, those with renal problems were Emotional‐Avoiders and Problem‐Emotions copers, and individuals with mental health issues were mainly Problem‐Emotional and Emotion‐Avoider copers. These class differences were statistically different (χ2 = 134, df = 18, p <.001). The findings can be useful for developing coping programmes for South Asian populations in low‐ and middle‐income countries and South Asian immigrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease experience suffering that affects their families and community relationships. However, no studies provide an explicit account of social suffering among these individuals. This secondary analysis was conducted to understand the lived experiences of social suffering in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The theory of social suffering guided the analysis of an interpretative phenomenological study. Thirteen individuals were recruited using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Three themes were generated: a) prevailing hopelessness and burden, b) progressing relational adversities, and c) struggling with co-dependency. Social suffering is a complex entity experienced by the patients and the family caregivers. For enhanced caregiving, health professionals could prepare patients to tackle the suffering through collective actions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to assess the impact of shift work on digestive disorders among nurses in public and private sector hospitals in Peshawar. Employing an analytical cross-sectional design, data were collected at Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar and Northwest General Hospital Peshawar between May 2017 and August 2018. Methods: A total of 252 nurses participated, with 227 providing responses. Data, obtained through a self-administered questionnaire via convenience sampling, received approval from the Ethical Committee and Advanced Studies and Research Board of Khyber Medical University, Peshawar. Demographic variables and participant responses were analyzed using frequency, percentages, and the Chi Square test to explore associations with digestive disorders. A P value less than 0.05 denoted statistical significance. Results: The study revealed that current shift work significantly impacted digestive complaints. Notably, 40.7% of day workers and 54.6% of shift workers experienced digestive disorders (P = 0.037). Moreover, public sector hospital nurses demonstrated lower susceptibility to digestive disorders, with rates of 46.8% and 49.1% for public and private organizations, respectively (P = 0.730). Conclusion: This research indicates that nurses engaged in continuous night shifts are notably predisposed to digestive disorders, while the type of hospital (public or private) does not significantly influence such disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing patients' therapeutic self-care ability allows nurses to initialize care and implement interventions to enhance their self-care abilities. However, sociocultural beliefs and determinants can affect patients' self-care practices. This study determined perceived therapeutic self-care ability of patients in surgical units in Pakistan. A survey was conducted using a purposive sample 511 patients admitted to surgical units for at least 24 hours. Data were collected using the Urdu version of Therapeutic Self-Care Measure. The mean self-care ability score was 20.05 ± 4.3. Patients felt more prepared to take their medications, but less prepared to respond to any unforeseeable physical changes. Significant difference was found between self-care ability of male (20.68 ± 4.15) and female (19.18 ± 4.27) (p <.001) patients. A weak negative correlation was found between patient age and self-care ability (r = −0.15, p =.001). Self-care ability assessment should be included in routine discharge planning, and nurses should provide more tailored self-care discharge education to surgical patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we analyzed the characteristics of heat transfer in non‐Newtonian ferrofluids produced by stretchable sheet. Further, we investigated in this study the effects of Arrhenius activation energy and magnetic dipole. We use in this study, a similarity ansatz to simplify the governing system into a nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations system. We determined the computational solution of the resulting ordinary differential system by applying method with Runge–Kutta method. The influence of beneficial physical parameters on momentum, energy, and concentration profile are shown through graphs. The major finding of this study, the variation of velocity field is reduces for the higher values of M $M$, β $\beta $, and H $H$. The temperature field increases for higher values of R $R$, and reduce for Pr $Pr$. Further, we conclude in this study the arising or reducing in the concentration, temperature, and velocity field for various physical parameters. The impacts of physical quantities namely skin fraction, Nusselt, and Sherwood numbers are examined through numerically via tables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, Cattaneo Christov heat transfer analysis in nanofluid (Ferro Fe3O4 and Aggregation) flow between two parallel rotating disks with different velocities determined. The relaxation time, velocity slip, heat convective boundary condition, and heat generation are also presented. The governing partial differential equation (PDEs) model is converted into a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) system by similarity variables. The solution is computed of the resulting ODEs system by using the Runge Kutta (Rk) method. Here a decline is noticed in the tangential velocity for nanoparticles (Fe3O4 and Aggregation nanoparticle) for higher values of the porosity parameter (λ1), slip parameter γ1, magnetic parameter (M) and Reynolds number ( R e r ), while tangential velocity arises for higher values of rotation parameters (ß1). This reduces the temperature field for nanoparticles by higher values of Eckert number (Ec), Prandtl number (Pr), Reynolds number ( R e r ), porosity parameter (λ1), while increases for arising the values of thermal relaxation parameter λ 2 , and for both Biot numbers ( B 1 , B 2 ) nanoparticles (Fe 3 O 4 and Aggregation nanoparticle). Further we compute the characteristics of physical quantities, namely skin friction and Nusselt number are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consistent mindful self-care practices mitigate professional burnout and improve resilience to enable nurses provide safe and effective patient care. This study determined the levels and the influencing factors of mindful self-care of nurses in acute care settings. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 258 nurses from seven acute care hospitals using the 36-item Mindful Self-Care Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive and correlation analyses. Nurses' mindful self-care scores were low, and female nurses had higher levels of mindful self-care than male nurses. Statistically significant negative correlations were found between nurses' mindful self-care levels and their age and clinical experience. Nurses' engagement in mindful self-care is low which may negatively affect their interactions with and care of patients and their families. Therefore, a need exists to develop and evaluate more clinical-based personal and organizational strategies to enhance the mindful self-care practices of nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the combined effects of velocity slip and convective heat boundary conditions on a hybrid nano-fluid over a nonlinear curved stretching surface were considered. Two kinds of fluids, namely, hybrid nano-fluid and aluminum oxide ( A l 2 O 3 )- and iron oxide ( F e 3 O 4 )-based nano-fluid, were also taken into account. We transformed the governing model into a nonlinear system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs). For this we used the similarity transformation method. The solution of the transformed ODE system was computed via a higher-order numerical approximation scheme known as the shooting method with the Runge–Kutta method of order four (RK-4). It is noticed that the fluid velocity was reduced for the magnetic parameter, curvature parameter, and slip parameters, while the temperature declined with higher values of the magnetic parameter, Prandtl number, and convective heat transfer. Furthermore, the physical quantities of engineering interest, i.e., the behavior of the skin fraction and the Nusselt number, are presented. These behaviors are also illustrated graphically along with the numerical values in a comparison with previous work in numerical tabular form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self‐care enables patients in improving quality of life and reducing hospital admissions. Research explored the experiences of patients about breathlessness, sleep problems and complication management in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, the self‐care experiences and the role of the family in self‐care are underexplored. This study aimed to understand the self‐care experiences of patients with COPD and explore the role of the family in self‐care. An interpretive phenomenological inquiry was used, and 13 patients were interviewed in 2019 from two hospitals in Pakistan. The inclusion criteria were patients above 30 years of age at any stage of COPD, who received a confirmed diagnosis of COPD and were receiving the treatment, and engaged in self‐care at their homes or communities. The interviews lasted for 35–60 min. Ricoeur's interpretation theory was used for data analysis comprising steps explanation, naive understanding and in‐depth understanding. Self‐care emerged as a complex individual and familial endeavour affected by personal, social and economic factors. Poverty was one of the core determinants of self‐care. Patients emphasised the spiritual, cultural and traditional approaches to self‐care. Future research is warranted to develop better understanding of spiritual and cultural self‐care and how these dimensions of self‐care affect patients' self‐care behaviours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the effects of shift working in relation to sleep disorders among nurses working in public and private sector hospitals of Peshawar, Pakistan. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at Lady Reading Hospital and North West General Hospital Peshawar, Pakistan from May 2017 to August 2018. All nurses with at least 12 months of work experience and had been employed in the current shift for the last one month were consecutively enrolled. The Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was utilized to collect data about sleep pattern. PSQI questions assessed following sleep pattern in the past four weeks; duration of sleep in hours/night, quality of sleep, trouble in sleep initiation, trouble in maintaining sleep, early morning awakening, use of sleep medications, and attention at work. The participant suffering from at least one complaint once or twice a week was considered positive for sleep disorder. Results: Of 227 subjects, sleep disorder was found in 170 (74.9%) nurses. A significantly higher sleep disorder was found among females (p-value <0.001), nurses working in public sector hospital (p-value <0.001), having dual job (p-value 0.008), and monthly rotational duty (p-value <0.001). Furthermore, walking at night (p-value < 0.001), difficulty in day time concentration (p-value 0.005), and unsatisfied sleep quality (0.020), difficulty in day time concentration (<0.001) were the variables significantly higher in nurses with monthly rotational duty as compared to nurses with fixed day time duty. Conclusion: These findings of the research provided evidence that nurses employed in shifts particularly throughout nights are significantly prone to sleep disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To discuss and illustrate how meaningful integration can be achieved in instrument development design. Design: Discussion paper. Data sources: A mixed-methods study about challenges of nurse educators in Pakistan. The building technique was implemented when the findings of the qualitative phase were integrated to develop an instrument to determine educators' challenges while teaching nursing students in academic and clinical settings. Implications for Nursing: Nurses are required to use cultural- and population-specific instruments for data collection. The six-step building approach can enable nurses to develop such instruments using rigorous and robust mixed-methods design. Conclusion: Building and merging techniques are used in instrument development design during and after the completion of the study, respectively. However, building technique is essential for using the qualitative findings to develop the instrument. The proposed building approach starts with a robust qualitative data analysis and is strengthened with the selection of key themes and subthemes, linking them to the participants' quotes and then the conversion of the quotes into meaningful and pertinent items. Using the proposed building integration technique can enable researchers to meaningfully and efficiently use qualitative findings for developing instruments using mixed-methods designs. Impact: Mixed methods are valuable for the development of data collection instruments that are tailored to the study context and relevant for the study participants. There is limited guidance about how meaningful integration can be achieved when developing research instruments using mixed methods. We proposed a practical building technique that allows researchers to meaningfully use qualitative findings from one phase to develop an instrument for the subsequent phase. The proposed approach is useful for researchers aiming to develop data collection instruments using mixed methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractThis study investigates the behavior of micropolar Eyring-Powell ferrofluids over a stretchable surface, considering heterogeneous-homogeneous chemical reactions, thermal radiation, and magnetic dipole effects. The governing partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) using similarity transformations, which are then solved using the shooting method with Runge-Kutta updates. The effects of various parameters on the flow and temperature fields are computed and visualized using MATLAB 2023. The results show that the velocity field decreases with increasing ferro-magnetic parameter β and fluid material parameter ß, while the temperature field increases with thermal radiation R, but decreases with higher dissipation parameter λ1 and Prandtl number Pr. The results are in excellent agreement with previously published data, validating the accuracy of our approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this analysis, we considered the effects of Joule heating and partial slip boundary conditions on time dependent mixed convective nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet along with heat source/sink. The governing model is transformed into the system of nonlinear ODE's by using the well known transformations. In order to calculate the physical quantities of the problem, we use the higher order convergence method, called shotting method followed by Runge-Kutta Fehlberg method. The importance of different physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are calculated numerically. The parameters of engineering interest i.e, skin fraction, Nusselt and Sherwood numbers are also calculated. Finally, we concluded that the velocity profiles decrease by increasing values of A and M. Moreover the variation of temperature, velocity and concentration profiles are analyzed for the different physical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research investigates 2D benchmark flow around a circular cylinder, utilizing the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations alongside the continuity and energy equations. The numerical solution is achieved through finite element discretization for space variable, combined with a second‐order Crank–Nicolson scheme for time integration. The computational results are derived using the FEATFLOW finite element based library package. Our study focuses on the dimensionless form of the flow equations and examines three key dimensionless parameters: drag, lift, and pressure drop. Upon applying finite element method (FEM) discretization, the system is converted into a set of linear or nonlinear ordinary differential equations or algebraic equations for steady‐state scenarios. We then apply the Newton–Raphson method as the outer nonlinear solver, and the multigrid method for efficiently resolving the linear subproblems. To ensure numerical accuracy, we evaluated the L2$$ {L}_2 $$ and H1$$ {H}&#x0005E;1 $$ errors, confirming that the experimental order of convergence matches the theoretical predictions. Flow profiles were both graphically represented and tabulated, offering a detailed understanding of the simulation results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]