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1. Pediatric and Adolescent Traumatic Macular Hole: A Systematic Review.

Author

Helmy YAH, ElNahry AG, Zein OE, Charbaji S, Yonekawa Y, Mansour HA, Serhan HA, Al-Nawaflh M, Parodi MB, Williams BK, and Mansour AM

Subjects
Adolescent, Child, Humans, Tomography, Optical Coherence, Visual Acuity physiology, Eye Injuries physiopathology, Eye Injuries surgery, Eye Injuries diagnosis, Retinal Perforations surgery, Retinal Perforations physiopathology, Retinal Perforations diagnosis, Vitrectomy methods, Macula Lutea injuries
Abstract

Purpose: The optimal management of pediatric traumatic macular holes (TMH) is unclear from lack of prospective randomized trials. The literature is divided into early (≤1month post-trauma), delayed (>1 month) pars plana vitrectomy (PPV), and observation. Our aim is to find which group can achieve best-superior spectacle corrected visual acuity (VA), visual gain, and time for hole closure., Design: Systematic review., Methods: This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (ID:CRD42022383134). The databases searched from inception until July 31, 2023, were MEDLINE OVID, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar. The articles were screened for title and abstract then for full text. Risk of bias was also assessed. Three outcome measures were analyzed: final VA, visual gain, and time to closure of macular hole (MH). MH size was divided into small (≤250 µm), medium (>250-500 µm), and large (>500 µm)., Results: Ninety eight (98) studies with 234 patients in the PPV group and 87 patients in the observation group were included in the review. Final VA (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) and visual gain were respectively in PPV vs observation groups: (1) small MH 0.37 ± 0.52 vs 0.42 ± 0.56 (P = .484) and -0.96 ± 0.83 vs -0.49 ± 0.40 (P = .005); (2) medium MH 0.58 ± 0.39 vs 0.34 ± 0.34 (P = .06) and -0.36 ± 0.42 vs -0.74 ± 0.44 (P < .001); (3) large MH 0.62 ± 0.42 vs 0.59 ± 0.35 (P = .337) and -0.31 ± 0.48 vs -0.62 ± 0.37 (P = .11). Small TMH had comparable closure time: 3.21 ± 2.52 months vs 3.49 ± 4.43 (P = .954) in the PPV and observation groups. Early and late PPV yielded comparable final VA 0.67 ± 0.66 vs 0.54 ± 0.35 (P = .576) and visual gain -0.58 ± 0.69 vs -0.49 ± 0.48 (P = .242) in the PPV and observation groups., Conclusions: PPV was very effective in closing TMH and VA gain in children throughout a wide range of hole size. Early and delayed PPV yielded similar anatomic and visual results. Observation and PPV yielded comparable final VA and closure time. Clinicians can choose either early PPV or delayed PPV when healing biomarkers are absent on periodic optical coherence tomography., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Published
2024
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2. Signaling pathway underlying the up-regulatory effect of TNF-alpha on the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase in HepG2 cells.

Author

Kassardjian A, Dakroub Z, Zein OE, and Kreydiyyeh SI

Subjects
Amino Acid Chloromethyl Ketones, Animals, Caspase Inhibitors, Caspases metabolism, Cysteine Proteinase Inhibitors metabolism, Dose-Response Relationship, Drug, Hep G2 Cells, Humans, JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases metabolism, NF-kappa B metabolism, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase antagonists & inhibitors, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha pharmacology, Signal Transduction physiology, Sodium-Potassium-Exchanging ATPase metabolism, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha physiology, Up-Regulation drug effects
Abstract

The activity of the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase was shown to be reduced during apoptosis and enhanced during cell proliferation. This work investigated whether TNF-alpha exerts also opposite effects on the Na(+)/K(+) ATPase in HepG2 cells and whether these effects are time-dependent. A time response study demonstrated that the activity and protein expression of the ATPase are decreased at 1h and increased at 4, 6 and 8h. This work focused on the up-regulatory 4h-response. TNF-alpha was shown to exert a stimulatory effect on cJNK and NF-kappaB and an inhibitory effect on caspases which, in the basal state, down-regulate the ATPase. The cytokine was found to target the caspases by activating JNK which in turn activates NF-kappaB. The activated transcription factor inhibits the caspases and frees the ATPase from their inhibitory action leading thus to its up-regulation., (2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Published
2010
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