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Abstract Background Only a few cases of bilateral traumatic sternoclavicular dislocations have been reported in the literature. This injury is considered one of the rarest injuries of the human musculoskeletal system. Therefore, we present the first documented case of a cyclist with a third-degree open thoracic trauma (Gustilo–Anderson 3a) associated with a dislocated manubrium sterni fracture in the upper thoracic aperture, bilateral anterior dislocations of the sternoclavicular joints, rib fractures, and pleural ruptures. Case presentation The patient, a 27-year-old Caucasian male, incurred this injury while participating in a professional cycling race at Nürburgring, Germany and received immediate interdisciplinary surgical treatment and has encountered no complications. We conducted a 1-year follow-up and present the clinical findings of this follow up. Additionally, we conducted a comprehensive review of the existing literature on this injury. Conclusions Immediate interdisciplinary intervention, including surgical repair and meticulous postoperative care, facilitated successful patient recovery. This underscores the critical role of comprehensive trauma management in complex polytrauma cases. In conclusion, this case report highlights the rarity and complexity of a traumatic injury involving bilateral sternoclavicular dislocation, with this case being the first case reported with concomitant open thorax trauma. Our patient benefited greatly from immediate air-bound transportation to an interdisciplinary care provider, which houses both thoracic and trauma surgery departments.

Abstract Purpose The goal of this retrospective study was to perform a CT imaging assessment of thoracic pedicles to provide a representative understanding of pedicle morphology for pedicle-based fixation systems commonly used in orthopedics, trauma and neurosurgery. This study aimed to better understand the morphology of the spine and give spine surgeons a better understanding of thoracic spine anatomy. Methods In this study, we retrospectively measured the thoracic spine pedicles of a total of 16 males and 16 females, totaling in 768 individual pedicles. For the measurements, we used standardized planes in computed tomography imaging with a maximum slice thickness of 1 mm. Results In brief, we identified significant differences in various measurements of male and female pedicle morphology. The medial cortical wall of the pedicles was significantly thicker than the lateral wall, and, in both sexes, the thoracic vertebral body number four was the vertebra with the least amount of cortical bone in the pedicle. Conclusions Surgeons performing operations involving pedicle screw placement should be aware of the sex-specific differences in thoracic spine pedicle morphology noted in this research.

This study examined the influence of ego networks on first-year teachers (1YTs) regarding belief persistence, formation, and change. The study employed a mixed methodology of interviews, survey questionnaires, and an ego-centric social network analysis of 1YTs. Findings suggest that 1YTs' beliefs can be influenced by ego networks, with some individuals showing greater influence than others in a network. The ego networks of 1YTs showed varying degrees of stability over the first year, with many networks undergoing structural changes during the first few months of 1YTs' careers. Implications for this research include structuring formal teacher induction programs that encourage interactions between diverse individuals and 1YTs, monitoring structural changes of ego networks during early-career years, and empowering administrators to increase their visibility and interactions with 1YTs.

Background/purpose: To investigate a quantitative method for assessing image quality of low dose lung computed tomography (CT) and find the lowest exposure dose providing diagnostic images. Methods: Axial volumetric lung CT acquisitions (256 slice scanner) were performed on three different sized anthropomorphic phantoms at different dose levels. The maximum steepness of sigmoid curves fitted to line density profiles was measured at lung-to-pleura interfaces. For each phantom, image sharpness was calculated as the median of 468 measurements from 39 different locations. Diagnostic image quality for the adult and paediatric phantom was rated by three radiologists using 4-point Likert scales. The image sharpness cut-off for obtaining adequate image quality was determined from qualitative ratings. Results: Adequate diagnostic image quality was reached at a median steepness of 713 HU/mm in the adult phantom with a corresponding CTDIvol of 0.14 mGy and an effective dose of 0.13 mSv at a dose level of 100 kVp and 10 mA. In the paediatric phantom diagnostic image quality was reached at a median steepness of 1139 HU/mm with a corresponding CTDIvol of 0.13 mGy and an effective dose of 0.08 mSv at a dose level of 100 kVp and 10 mA. Conclusions: Determination of image sharpness on line density profiles can be used as quantitative measure for image quality of lung CT. Sufficient-quality lung CT can be achieved at effective radiation doses of 0.13 mSv (adult phantom) and 0.08 mSv (paediatric phantom). These findings suggest that substantial dose reduction is feasible without compromising diagnostic accuracy.

Die Anwendung von pädagogischer Diagnostik benötigt sowohl konzeptuelles als auch strategisches Wissen über diagnostische Entscheidungsprozesse. Um diese Entscheidungsprozesse für die Ausbildung im Lehramt Sonderpädagogik der Hochschule möglichst anwendungsbezogen nachzustellen, wurde ein digitales fallbasiertes Simulationsspiel entwickelt. Ziel ist es, angehende Sonderpädagog:innen im Studium zu ökonomischen diagnostischen Entscheidungen im Rahmen pädagogischer Diagnostik zu befähigen und den Aufbau von Handlungsschablonen zu fördern. Diese Studie untersucht mittels Learning Analytics, inwieweit die Simulationsspiele zur Weiterentwicklung der diagnostischen Entscheidungskompetenz von Studierenden (N = 30) beitragen. Untersucht wird, wie treffsicher und effizient Studierende aus fünf Testverfahren den jeweils passenden Test auswählen. Der wiederholte Einsatz der Simulationsspiel führt zu signifikanten Veränderungen in der Entscheidungsheuristik. Studierende treffen ihre Entscheidungen nach der Übung mit durchschnittlich 2,1 Tests und einer Treffsicherheit von 41,39%. Die Einsatzmöglichkeiten und der Mehrwert von digitalen Simulationsspielen wird für die Lehrer:innenausbildung diskutiert. Abstract It is essential that teachers possess a comprehensive understanding of the conceptual and strategic aspects of the diagnostic decision-making process. A digital case-based simulation game was developed with the objective of enabling prospective special education students to make economic diagnostic decisions in the context of educational diagnostics and to promote the development of action templates. This study employs learning analytics to ascertain the extent to which the simulation games contribute to the further development of the diagnostic decision-making skills of students (N = 30). The study examines the accuracy and efficiency with which students select the appropriate test from five test procedures. Repeated use of the simulation game leads to significant changes in decision-making heuristics. Students make their decisions after the intervention with an average of 2.1 tests and an accuracy of 41.39%. The added value of digital simulation games in teacher training is discussed.

Nafion ionomer, composed of hydrophobic perfluorocarbon backbones and hydrophilic sulfonic acid side chains, is the most widely used additive for preparing catalyst layers (CLs) for electrochemical CO2 reduction, but its impact on the performance of CO2 electrolysis remains poorly understood. Here, we systematically investigate the role of the catalyst ink formulation on CO2 electrolysis using commercial CuO nanoparticles as the model pre-catalyst. We find that the presence of Nafion is essential for achieving stable product distributions due to its ability to stabilize the catalyst morphology under reaction conditions. Moreover, the Nafion content and solvent composition (water/alcohol fraction) regulate the internal structure of Nafion coatings, as well as the catalyst morphology, thereby significantly impacting CO2 electrolysis performance, resulting in variations of C2+ product Faradaic efficiency (FE) by >3×, with C2+ FE ranging from 17 to 54% on carbon paper substrates. Using a combination of ellipsometry and in situ Raman spectroscopy during CO2 reduction, we find that such selectivity differences stem from changes to the local reaction microenvironment. In particular, the combination of high water/alcohol ratios and low Nafion fractions in the catalyst ink results in stable and favorable microenvironments, increasing the local CO2/H2O concentration ratio and promoting high CO surface coverage to facilitate C2+ production in long-term CO2 electrolysis. Therefore, this work provides insights into the critical role of Nafion binders and underlines the importance of optimizing Nafion/solvent formulations as a means of enhancing the performance of electrochemical CO2 reduction systems.

The "Cubes and Clouds" Massive Open Online Course (MOOC) addresses the growing challenges and opportunities in Earth Observation (EO) data analysis posed by the exponential growth of satellite missions and data volumes. This course introduces cloud-native EO concepts and open science principles, facilitating collaboration and data sharing within the EO community.Key topics covered in the MOOC include data discovery, processing workflows, and data sharing using real-world examples like snow cover mapping in the Alps. Participants engage with interactive lessons, videos, and hands-on coding exercises, leveraging freely available geospatial data and emphasizing open data principles and interoperability.The course infrastructure seamlessly integrates with cloud platforms like the Copernicus Data Space Ecosystem, enabling learners to apply concepts in a practical, cloud-based environment. Initial user statistics indicate strong interest, particularly among early-career professionals and researchers, with participant surveys suggesting increased confidence in using EO cloud platforms and embracing open science practices upon course completion.Overall, "Cubes and Clouds" serves as a valuable resource for the EO community, fostering transparency, collaboration, and innovation in geospatial science. Future developments aim to expand course content and attract diverse user groups, ensuring broader accessibility and long-term impact in advancing cloud-native EO and open science initiatives.

Background: Germany’s high density of under-equipped hospitals and anticipated surge in orthopedic and trauma surgery-related diseases by 2030, combined with personnel shortages, are expected to increase patient transfers between hospitals, an issue that urgently needs standardized protocols. Despite some existing cooperative agreements, such as between joint-replacement centers or within the Trauma Network DGU®, these measures do not adequately address the full range of patient-transfer cases, including those due to a lack of specialization or staff shortages, resulting in delayed treatment and potential health risks. This study aims to dissect the intricacies of interhospital transfers in orthopedics and trauma surgery across Germany, focusing on understanding the underlying reasons for transfers, comparing the operational structures of small and large hospitals, and laying the groundwork for future standardized protocols to enhance patient care. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the form of an online survey via SoSci Survey, which was directed at orthopedic surgeons and trauma surgeons working in hospitals in Germany. The 22-question survey gathered information on participants’ clinic roles, departmental details, transfer processes, frequent diagnoses, perceptions of transfer quality, and improvement areas. The survey was sent to orthopedic and trauma surgeons in Germany by the specialist society. The data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics to ensure a comprehensive insight into interhospital transfer practices. Results: The study involved 152 participants from various hospital ranks and located in different hospital sizes and types across rural and urban areas. A significant difference was observed between the care structures of basic/regular care and central/maximum care hospitals, especially regarding the available facilities and specialties. These findings suggest improvements such as better patient documentation, increased digital communication, optimized patient distribution, and standardization of transfer requests, among others. Conclusions: This study highlights the urgent need for improved protocols and resource allocation to eliminate inequalities in transfers between hospitals in orthopedics and trauma surgery in Germany.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perspective of orthopaedic surgeons on the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) and to evaluate the influence of experience, workplace setting and familiarity with digital solutions on views on AI. Methods Orthopaedic surgeons of the AGA Society for Arthroscopy and Joint Surgery were invited to participate in an online, cross‐sectional survey designed to gather information on professional background, subjective AI knowledge, opinion on the future impact of AI, openness towards different applications of AI, and perceived advantages and disadvantages of AI. Subgroup analyses were performed to examine the influence of experience, workplace setting and openness towards digital solutions on perspectives towards AI. Results Overall, 360 orthopaedic surgeons participated. The majority indicated average (43.6%) or rudimentary (38.1%) AI knowledge. Most (54.5%) expected AI to substantially influence orthopaedics within 5–10 years, predominantly as a complementary tool (91.1%). Preoperative planning (83.8%) was identified as the most likely clinical use case. A lack of consensus was observed regarding acceptable error levels. Time savings in preoperative planning (62.5%) and improved documentation (81%) were identified as notable advantages while declining skills of the next generation (64.5%) were rated as the most substantial drawback. There were significant differences in subjective AI knowledge depending on participants' experience (p = 0.021) and familiarity with digital solutions (p

Background: Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissues are a valuable resource for clinical and basic science research. Paraffin blocks and the resulting unstained sections (USS) are often stored for years before being used. Previous studies have evaluated the effects of time, temperature, humidity, and inert gases on preservation of USS; however, no study has examined all four variables together. Methods: In the current work, we prospectively and blindly assessed time points from 0 to 24 months, room versus refrigerated temperature, and presence of a desiccant and/or nitrogen atmosphere on a variety of benign and malignant tissues from North America and Africa. End points included immunohistochemistry (IHC), in situ hybridization (ISH), extracted RNA and DNA quantity and quality, and messenger RNA performance in a novel, multiplexed digital gene expression profiling assay of both housekeeping and tumor-specific genes. Results: We found that using current methods of antigen retrieval, staining, and extraction, the end points of IHC, ISH, RNA, and DNA were well preserved under the various conditions tested, with implications that pre-embedding factors contribute to variability in subsequent tissue integrity. We also document that spectrophotometric estimations of nucleic acid concentrations were in general estimated to be higher than with fluorimetric methods, which may be pertinent to end assay development. We further describe a new multiplex assay, the PlexSet digital gene expression assay, suitable for evaluating RNA quality in FFPE tissues. Conclusion: Altogether, these results may provide helpful guidance with regard to approaches for long-term storage conditions for USS.

As the International Archive of Women in Architecture (IAWA) completes its fourth decade in operation it pauses to reflect on its original goals within the context from which it emerged, as one initiative amongst many, in the quest to preserve the legacy of women in architecture. The IAWA seeks not only to better understand its role in the present context but also to reimagine its contribution to an equitable future, presenting here a proposition.

IntroductionSurgical glove use may be associated with a decrease in tactile sensitivity, with thicker gloves or double-gloving techniques further altering sensation. This study evaluates digital tactile sensitivity by use of a Grating Orientation Task (GOT) with multiple sterile gloving techniques (no gloves, single standard gloving, double standard gloving, orthopedic gloves, and micro-thickness gloves).MethodsEach participant performed the GOT at increasing grating widths until correctly noting orientation in ≥8 of 10 trials with multiple glove types or double-gloving technique. Glove order was randomly assigned and participants were blinded to the orientation and dome size.ResultsAll gloves except micro-thickness gloves showed increased threshold sensitivity values (i.e. worse fingertip sensitivity) when compared to control (micro:control, p = 0.105, others:control, p < 0.05). Single-layer gloves showed no significant difference in sensitivity when compared to orthopedic (p = 0.06) or double-layer latex gloves (p = 0.26).DiscussionStandard latex gloves decreased fingertip sensitivity when evaluated with the GOT. Double-layer and orthopedic latex gloves do not decrease sensitivity when compared with single-layer gloving. Micro-thickness gloves may provide similar tactile sensitivity to no surgical glove.

Abstract Ischemic stroke is a major global health issue and characterized by acute vascular dysfunction and subsequent neuroinflammation. However, the relationship between these processes remains elusive. In the current study, we investigated whether alleviating vascular dysfunction by restoring vascular nitric oxide (NO) reduces post-stroke inflammation. Mice were subjected to experimental stroke and received inhaled NO (iNO; 50 ppm) after reperfusion. iNO normalized vascular cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels, reduced the elevated expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1), and returned leukocyte adhesion to baseline levels. Reduction of vascular pathology significantly reduced the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (Il-1β), interleukin-6 (Il-6), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), within the brain parenchyma. These findings suggest that vascular dysfunction is responsible for leukocyte adhesion and that these processes drive parenchymal inflammation. Reversing vascular dysfunction may therefore emerge as a novel approach to diminish neuroinflammation after ischemic stroke and possibly other ischemic disorders.

We studied the T cell response to SARS-CoV-2 spike and non-spike peptide epitopes in eight convalescent pregnant women together with the immune monitoring that included innate tolerogenic dendritic cell populations important to maintain the immunological mother/fetus interface to address a potential risk for the antiviral cellular response in the outcome of pregnancy. Four subjects had pre-existing chronic inflammatory conditions that could have potentially affected the SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell response. Seven of eight subjects responded to SARS-CoV-2 peptides with differences within CD4+ T helper (Th) and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells (CTL). SARS-CoV-2-specific inducible regulatory T cells (iTreg) were numerous in circulation. CD4+ T cell memory included central memory T cells (TCM) and effector memory (TEM). As far as the CD8+ memory repertoire, TCM and TEM were very low or absent in eight of eight subjects and only effector cells that revert to CD45RA+, defined as TEMRA were measurable in circulation. T cells were in the normal range in all subjects regardless of pre-existing inflammatory conditions. The immune phenotype indicated the expansion and activation of tolerogenic myeloid dendritic cells including CD14+ cDC2 and CD4+ ILT-4+ tmDC. In summary, SARS-CoV-2 infection induced a physiological anti-viral T cell response in pregnant women that included SARS-CoV-2-specific iTreg with no negative effects on the tolerogenic innate dendritic cell repertoire relevant to the immune homeostasis of the maternal-fetal interface. All eight subjects studied delivered full-term, healthy infants.

Background: Toxicological analysis of patients with acute recreational drug poisoning can improve our understanding of substance use patterns, clinical symptoms, and improve treatment. Patient history alone may be incomplete or misleading. The objective was to assess the differences in patient history and analytical results, to describe the clinical characteristics, implications and hospital management, and to describe the drug use pattern over time. Methods: A retrospective study including all patients admitted to our toxicology unit with recreational drug toxicity and analytical testing from October 2014 to December 2022. Results: 872 patients were included. Patient history revealed a median of one ingested substance class: opiates/opioids, benzodiazepines/Z-drugs, and Pregabalin were predominant. Urine analysis revealed a median of three ingested substance classes (p < 0.001). Benzodiazepines/Z-drugs, Pregabalin, and THC were severely underreported. Agitation and aggression, anxiety, hallucinations, and psychosis were frequent, associated with cocaine, cathinone/phenethylamine, and amphetamine/MDMA detection and required sedation. Coma was also frequent, associated with opiate/opioid, benzodiazepine/Z-drug, GBL/GHB, and Pregabalin detection and required intubation, and/or application of Naloxone and/or Flumazenil. Twelve patients arrived in cardiac arrest; all were positive for opiates/opioids. Four patients died: three with Benzodiazepines/Z-drugs, Pregabalin and opiates/opioids detected, one with cathinones/phenethylamines detected. While cathinones/phenethylamines and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonists were mainly detected between 2014–2016, detection decreased significantly between 2017–2022 after NPS legislation passed. Pregabalin detection increased. Conclusions: Patient history is inaccurate, and patients frequently underreport ingested drugs. Opiates and opioids are still the main cause of morbidity and mortality. Pregabalin is increasingly abused. NPS legislation effectively decreased cathinone/phenethylamine and synthetic cannabinoid receptor agonist overdoses.

We report on a 14-year-old patient who was supported for nearly two years with an ic-LVAD and managed to complete his journey to transplantation without a single complication. Although mechanical assist device support is available for children up to 20 kg in body weight, availability is limited to paracorporeal devices. Intracorporal (ic) left ventricular assist devices (LVADs) for infants in the suitable weight class are a viable option as a bridge-to-transplant, where they make up more than 50% of transplant candidates in their category. A teenager with 59 kg body weight was newly diagnosed with DCM and listed for heart transplantation. After initially being on VA-ECMO, an Abbott HeartMate 3 LVAD with postoperative temporary RVAD support was initialised. RV-support was maintained for 10 days. The further postoperative course was uneventful, and he was discharged on day 98. He was seen regularly in the outpatient department and integrated into school routine again, following the extensive training of his classmates and the responsible school staff. After a total of 672 days on support, he was successfully transplanted. There were no unplanned admissions, thrombotic nor bleeding events, as well as no driveline infection, even though the patient participated in sport classes at school.

Green infrastructure is often proposed to complement conventional urban stormwater management systems that are stressed by extreme storms and expanding impervious surfaces. Established hydrological and hydraulic models inform stormwater engineering but are time- and data-intensive or aspatial, rendering them inadequate for rapid exploration of solutions. Simple spreadsheet models support quick site plan assessments but cannot adequately represent spatial interactions beyond a site. The present study builds on the Landscape Green Infrastructure Design (L-GrID) Model, a process-based spatial model that enables rapid development and exploration of green infrastructure scenarios to mitigate neighborhood flooding. We first explored how well L-GrID could replicate flooding reports in a neighborhood in Chicago, Illinois, USA, to evaluate its potential for green infrastructure planning. Although not meant for prediction, L-GrID was able to replicate the flooding reported and helped identify strategies for flood control. Once evaluated for this neighborhood, we extended the model to include water quality through the representation of dispersion and settling mechanisms for two pollutant surrogates—total nitrogen and total suspended solids. With the extended model, Landscape Green Infrastructure Design Model-Water Quality (L-GrID-WQ), we examined benefits, costs, and tradeoffs for different green infrastructure strategies. Bioswales were slightly more effective than other green infrastructure types in reducing flooding extent and downstream runoff and pollution, through increased infiltration and settling capacity. Permeable pavers followed in effectiveness and are suggested where spatial constraints may limit the installation of bioswales. Although green infrastructure supports both flooding and pollution control, small tradeoffs between these functions emerged across spatial layouts: strategies based on only curb-cuts better controlled pollution, while layouts that followed the path of water flow better controlled flooding. By illuminating such tradeoffs, L-GrID-WQ can support green infrastructure planning that prioritizes unique concerns in different areas of a landscape.

Abstract FIP200 plays important roles in homeostatic processes such as autophagy and signaling pathways such as focal adhesion kinase (FAK) signaling. Furthermore, genetic studies suggest an association of FIP200 mutations with psychiatric disorders. However, its potential connections to psychiatric disorders and specific roles in human neurons are not clear. We set out to establish a human-specific model to study the functional consequences of neuronal FIP200 deficiency. To this end, we generated two independent sets of isogenic human pluripotent stem cell lines with homozygous FIP200KO alleles, which were then used for the derivation of glutamatergic neurons via forced expression of NGN2. FIP200KO neurons exhibited pathological axonal swellings, showed autophagy deficiency, and subsequently elevated p62 protein levels. Moreover, monitoring the electrophysiological activity of neuronal cultures on multi-electrode arrays revealed that FIP200KO resulted in a hyperactive network. This hyperactivity could be abolished by glutamatergic receptor antagonist CNQX, suggesting a strengthened glutamatergic synaptic activation in FIP200KO neurons. Furthermore, cell surface proteomic analysis revealed metabolic dysregulation and abnormal cell adhesion-related processes in FIP200KO neurons. Interestingly, an ULK1/2-specific autophagy inhibitor could recapitulate axonal swellings and hyperactivity in wild-type neurons, whereas inhibition of FAK signaling was able to normalize the hyperactivity of FIP200KO neurons. These results suggest that impaired autophagy and presumably also disinhibition of FAK can contribute to the hyperactivity of FIP200KO neuronal networks, whereas pathological axonal swellings are primarily due to autophagy deficiency. Taken together, our study reveals the consequences of FIP200 deficiency in induced human glutamatergic neurons, which might, in the end, help to understand cellular pathomechanisms contributing to neuropsychiatric conditions.

The increasing availability of long-term observational data can lead to the development of innovative modelling approaches to determine landslide triggering conditions at a regional scale, opening new avenues for landslide prediction and early warning. This research blends the strengths of existing approaches with the capabilities of generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to develop an interpretable approach that identifies seasonally dynamic precipitation conditions for shallow landslides. The model builds upon a 21-year record of landslides in South Tyrol (Italy) and separates precipitation that induced landslides from precipitation that did not. The model accounts for effects acting at four temporal scales: short-term “triggering” precipitation, medium-term “preparatory” precipitation, seasonal effects, and across-year data variability. It provides relative landslide probability scores that were used to establish seasonally dynamic thresholds with optimal performance in terms of hit and false-alarm rates, as well as additional thresholds related to user-defined performance scores. The GAMM shows a high predictive performance and indicates that more precipitation is required to induce a landslide in summer than in winter/spring, which can presumably be attributed mainly to vegetation and temperature effects. The discussion illustrates why the quality of input data, study design, and model transparency are crucial for landslide prediction using advanced data-driven techniques.

An introductory Astronomy survey course is often taken to satisfy a college graduation requirement for non-science majors at colleges around the United States. In this course, material that can be broadly categorized into topics related to "the sky", "the Solar System", "the Galaxy", and "cosmology" is discussed. Even with the wide variety of topics in these categories, though, students may not be 100% interested in the course content, and it is almost certain that a specific topic about which a student wishes to learn is not covered. To at least partly address these issues, to appeal to all of the students in this class, and to allow students to explore topics of their choice, a video project has been assigned to students at Albion College as a class activity. In this assignment, students are asked to create a video of a famous (or not) astronomer, astronomical object or discovery, or telescope observatory to present to the class. Students work in pairs to create a video that is original and imaginative and includes accurate scientific content. For this project, then, students use a familiar technology and exercise their creativity while learning a little (or a lot of) science along the way. Herein data on types and topics of videos, examples of videos, assignment requirements and grading rubrics, lessons learned, and student comments will be discussed and shared.

As educators grapple with the impact of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and the ease of access to these models by learners, questions of pedagogy and learning have dominated the conversation. This paper explores the concerns of teaching through exploring the contrast between human and machine learning and the implications of both on educators facing an environment where AI is prevalent. Through a prompting process, a position paper was generated by ChatGPT3.5 on these contrasts and implications. The AI output, largely accurate, highlighted strategies for educators while also showcasing the limitations of the tool. Educators and scholars can support themselves and their students through critical reflection of the use of AI tools.

Various modifications of proteins and the resulting proteoforms of a protein can associate with many diseases and are also significantly involved in the rapid regulation of hemostasis and thrombosis. For example, the release of prostacyclin from the intact endothelium and the consequent following phosphorylation of VASP in platelets is a post-translational regulation to keep them in a quiescent state. In Alzheimer’s disease, proteoforms arise from the altered cleavage of the amyloid precursor protein, which finally causes amyloid plaques in the brain. This changed processing of the amyloid precursor protein can also be detected in platelets, making them an attractive source of biomarkers for this neurodegenerative disease. Age-related or prothrombotic disorders can have multiple origins, including genomic, transcriptional, and translational factors, which together can be mapped at the proteome level. Hence, recording these dynamic protein changes under physiological and pathophysiological conditions is paramount in platelet proteomics. To effectively study diseases through platelet proteomics, it is crucial to consider platelets’ primary regulatory mechanism and thoroughly evaluate the disparities between the two leading proteomics technologies, top-down and bottom-up approaches. This commentary provides insights into the differences between these two technologies, which are particularly noticeable in detecting the different proteoforms of a protein.

There are significant barriers in engaging pregnant and postpartum women that are considered high-risk (e.g., those experiencing substance use and/or substance use disorders (SUD)) into longitudinal research studies. To improve recruitment and retention of this population in studies spanning from the prenatal period to middle childhood, it is imperative to determine ways to improve key research engagement factors. The current manuscript uses a qualitative approach to determine important factors related to recruiting, enrolling, and retaining high-risk pregnant and postpartum women. The current sample included 41 high-risk women who participated in focus groups or individual interviews. All interviews were analyzed to identify broad themes related to engaging high-risk pregnant and parenting women in a 10-year longitudinal research project. Themes were organized into key engagement factors related to the following: (1) recruitment strategies, (2) enrollment, and (3) retention of high-risk pregnant and parenting women in longitudinal research studies. Results indicated recruitment strategies related to ideal recruitment locations, material, and who should share research study information with high-risk participants. Related to enrollment, key areas disclosed focused on enrollment decision-making, factors that create interest in joining a research project, and barriers to joining a longitudinal research study. With regard to retention, themes focused on supports needed to stay in research, barriers to staying in research, and best ways to stay in contact with high-risk participants. Overall, the current qualitative data provide preliminary data that enhance the understanding of a continuum of factors that impact engagement of high-risk pregnant and postpartum women in longitudinal research with current results indicating the need to prioritize recruitment, enrollment, and retention strategies in order to effectively engage vulnerable populations in research.