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Antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) holds great promise for optoelectronic and photovoltaic applications, attributed to its optimal bandgap (1.5–2.2 eV) and unique physicochemical properties. Notably, one-dimensional single-crystalline Sb2S3 demonstrates exceptional charge transport capabilities due to its directional transport properties and significantly reduced grain boundaries. In this work, we present the controlled synthesis of Sb2S3 microtubes through a hydrothermal reaction process utilizing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid as a structure-directing agent. These microtubes, characterized by lengths of up to 230 μm and diameters of approximately 8 μm, exhibit excellent crystal quality and smooth surfaces, facilitating their integration into device fabrication processes. The resulting single Sb2S3 microtube-based photodetector device demonstrates broadband visible photodetection capabilities, featuring a high responsivity (82 A/W), an external quantum efficiency of 1.3 × 104%, short rise/decay times during switching (9.8 ms/9.2 ms), and a high detectivity of 7.6 × 1010 Jones. Furthermore, the device exhibits responsiveness across the monochromatic light spectrum ranging from 350 to 800 nm, with a particularly notable switching ratio of 82.2 observed at 722 nm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Patients with non‐small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) experience worse clinical outcomes but respond better to immunotherapy than patients with NSCLC without COPD. Mucosal‐associated invariant T (MAIT) cells, a versatile population of innate immune T lymphocytes, have a crucial function in the response to infection and tumors. This study investigated the distribution of MAIT cells in COPD‐associated NSCLC and their involvement in the immune response. Methods: Flow cytometry, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence were performed on tissue samples of patients with NSCLC, with or without COPD, treated with or without anti‐programmed death 1 (PD1) immunotherapy. MAIT cells were stimulated with 5‐OP‐RU using a mouse subcutaneous tumor model. Results: Tumors contained significantly more MAIT cells than paraneoplastic tissues, and CD8+ MAIT cells accounted for more than 90% of these cells. Patients with NSCLC and COPD had higher CD8+ MAIT cell counts than those with NSCLC without COPD. Additionally, patients with NSCLC and COPD displayed reduced expression of the activation marker, CD69, and functional markers, granzyme B (GZMB) and interferon γ (IFNγ), and higher expression of the immune exhaustion marker, PD1. Among patients who received immunotherapy, the proportion with a complete or partial response was higher in those with COPD than in those without COPD. In patients with NSCLC and COPD, the major pathologic response (MPR) group had higher MAIT levels than those in the no major pathologic response (NPR) group. In the mouse subcutaneous tumor model stimulation of MAIT cells using 5‐OP‐RU enhanced the antitumor effects of anti‐PD1. Conclusions: In patients with NSCLC and COPD, response to immunotherapy is associated with accumulation of CD8+ MAIT cells showing immune exhaustion. These findings may contribute to innovative approaches for immunotherapy targeting CD8+ MAIT cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Objective] This study explored effects of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth and development of rice seedling under cadmium stress to provide guidance for using AMF mycorrhizal technology to reduce excessive cadmium in rice. [Method] Funneliformis mosseae (FM) and Rhizophagus irregularis (RI) were inoculated under rice seedling-growing soil with and without 1 mg/kg cadmium stress. The control group was inoculated with the same amount of FM+RI after high temperature and high pressure sterilization. After 30 days, infection rates of these two AMFs on roots of rice seedlings were measured, and their effects on plant height, biomass, chlorophyll content and cadmium content of seedlings were analyzed. [Result] Without cadmium stress, infection rates of FM and RI to roots of rice seedlings were 33. 4% and 24. 9%, respectively. Compared with the control, plant heights of FM and RI-treated seedlings increased by 8. 6% and 7. 6%, respectively (P<0.05), but biomass and chlorophyll contents showed no significant difference. With 1 mg/kg cadmium stress, root infection rates of FM and RI were 25. 1% and 20.3%, respectively. Compared with the control, plant height of the seedlings treated with FM and RI increased by 26. 5% and 21.0% (P<0. 05), biomass increased by 33. 1% and 18. 6% (P<0. 05), chlorophyll content increased by 16. 1% and 15. 2% (P<0.05), cadmium content in roots increased by 186. 2% and 207. 7% (P<0.05), cadmium content in shoots decreased by 40. 2% and 36. 8% (P<0. 05), and cadmium transport coefficient decreased by 80. 0% (P<0.05). [Conclusion] FM and RI could significantly promote growth and development of seedlings under cadmium stress, enhance the ability of roots to fix cadmium, and reduce the transport of cadmium from root to shoot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cryptosporidium is an important zoonotic parasite that can infect a variety of hosts, including pigs and humans, through water and food. Many studies on Cryptosporidium infection in pigs have been reported worldwide. However, the meta‐analysis of Cryptosporidium infection in pigs in China has not been published. This study retrieved articles related to Cryptosporidium in pigs in China by using four databases: Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), PubMed, VIP Chinese journal database and Wanfang Data. We retrieved 40 studies related to Cryptosporidium infection in China, and those articles were harvested from the inception to 1 January 2020. We estimated that the overall prevalence of pigs with Cryptosporidium in the selected period was 12.2% (4,349/30,404). In the sampling year subgroup, the prevalence rate after 2010 was the lowest at 8.7% (2,087/18,100). In Northern China, the Cryptosporidium prevalence was 47.9% (34/71). By contrast, the prevalence of Cryptosporidium in Southwestern China was only 6.9% (778/6,445). The infection rate of Cryptosporidium in diarrhoea pigs of 15.6% (74/384) was higher than that in non‐diarrhoea pigs at 10.8% (378/2,840). Among the four age groups, the prevalence of weaning pigs of 16.2% (530/3,243) was the highest, and the difference was significant (p <.05). The prevalence of Cryptosporidium in extensive farming was 25.7% (660/3,121), which was significantly higher than in intensive farming 8.7% (566/6,336), and the prevalence of infection was related to the farming modes (p <.05). We also analysed the impact of different geographic factor subgroups (longitude, latitude, precipitation, temperature, humidity, climate and altitude) on the prevalence of pigs. The results showed that cryptosporidiosis was widespread in pigs in China. We suggest that appropriate control schemes should be developed according to the differences in breeding patterns and geographic conditions in different regions, and effective management measures should be developed to reduce the spread between pigs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To ensure low effluent total nitrogen (TN ≤ 15 mg L−1) and NH3–N(≤ 5 mg L−1) at low temperatures (8.8–14.7°C), a pilot-scale A2/O system with a low return activated sludge (200%) was employed to seek the optimal operation strategy. In the 90 days' experiment, the tests were separated into three stages (14.2°C, 11.0°C, and 9.1°C), and the 49 samples were analysed. Our results showed that the nitrification was remarkably inhibited when the temperature was below 10°C, while the denitrification was remarkably inhibited at the temperatures of 10–15°C. Once the effluent NH3–N concentration was over 2.5 mg L−1, or concentration was over 13 mg L−1, the effluent TN would be in excess of 15 mg L−1. When the temperature was over 10°C, increasing dissolved oxygen (DO) was an optimal strategy to reduce the effluent NH3–N; nevertheless, when the temperature was below 10°C, simultaneously increasing DO and MLVSS would be carried out due to the low max. nitrification rates (36.0 mg (g−1 d−1)). If the carbon source (CODcr/ ratio ≥ 7.3) was enough, increasing MLVSS was an effective method to relieve the negative influence of low temperature on denitrification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-rearranged non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) exhibited a higher propensity for lymph node metastasis (LNM). This study aimed to investigate risk factors of occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) and recurrence in resectable ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients., Methods: This retrospective analysis included patients with ALK-rearranged NSCLC receiving lung resections at Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital from June 2016 to August 2021. Logistic regression analysis was used to ascertain predictors of OLNM, and Cox regression analysis to identify risk factors of recurrence., Results: A total of 603 resectable ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients were included. The mean age was 55 years old. There were 171 patients (28.4%) pathologically confirmed to have LNM, 51.5% of which were occult. Logistic regression analysis identified clinical tumor size and computed tomography (CT) density as independent factors for OLNM. Cox regression analysis showed that pleural invasion and pathological tumor size were independent prognosticators for recurrence in pathologically nodal negative patients. Among pathologically nodal positive patients, adjuvant ALK-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) showed a similar recurrence-free survival (RFS) to chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.454; 95% confidence interval, 0.111-1.864)., Conclusions: Assessing the potential risk of OLNM is required for ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients with large tumors characterized by high CT densities. Patients with large pathological tumor size or pleural infiltration should be closely monitored despite being pathologically nodal negative. Additionally, adjuvant ALK-TKI may present a comparable RFS to chemotherapy in pathologically nodal positive patients., Competing Interests: Conflicts of Interest: All authors have completed the ICMJE uniform disclosure form (available at https://tlcr.amegroups.com/article/view/10.21037/tlcr-23-606/coif). The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare., (2024 Translational Lung Cancer Research. All rights reserved.)

Toxoplasma gondii , an intracellular zoonotic parasite, can infect humans and various animals worldwide. Wild rodents plan an important role as intermediate hosts of T. gondii . Some studies on T. gondii from wild rodents have been published, but the investigation data of T. gondii in wild rodents in China are limited. Therefore, brain tissue samples from 382 wild rodents in four provinces and one autonomous region of China were screened by PCR amplification of T. gondii B1 gene. Furthermore, the wild rodents were identified as five species based on their morphological characteristics, including Citellus dauricus ( n  = 35 from Heilongjiang), Lasiopodomys brandti ( n  = 81 from Inner Mongolia), Apodemus agrarius ( n  = 12 from Heilongjiang), Rattus norvegicus ( n  = 2 from Heilongjiang; n  = 99 from Zhejiang; n  = 54 from Shanxi), and Mus musculus ( n  = 99 from Guangxi). The overall prevalence of T. gondii in these wild rodents was 5.24% (20/382) in this study. At different regions, the highest prevalence of T. gondii was in Guangxi (12.12%) compared with other regions (0% in Heilongjiang; 2.47% in Inner Mongolia; 2.02% in Zhejiang; 7.41% in Shanxi). At different climates, the higher prevalence was found in temperate/mesothermal climates (7.07%) compared with continental/microthermal climates (3.26%). Also, the results showed that M. musculus had the highest prevalence of T. gondii infection (12.12%) among the rodent species sampled. Moreover, sampling year was significantly related to the prevalence of T. gondii in investigated wild rodents ( p  = 0.0117). This is the first report of T. gondii in wild rodents from Zhejiang, Guangxi, Shanxi, Heilongjiang provinces and Inner Mongolia autonomous region in China, providing the fundamental information for further prevention and control of toxoplasmosis in China.