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Cognitive dysfunction refers to the functional impairment in one or more cognitive domains, mostly occurs in older adults. Cognitive dysfunction can commonly be divided into subjective cognitive decline (SCD), mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia, depending on the degree of cognitive impairment. People with SCD or MCI have a higher risk of dementia, which seriously affects their quality of life, and imposes a huge burden on families and society. Numerous studies have demonstrated that physical activity is one effective non-pharmacological intervention for cognitive dysfunction, but there are no uniform standards for physical activity programs for cognitive dysfunction worldwide, and China still has no physical activity guidelines based on the values and preferences of older adults with cognitive dysfunction, partially impeding the dissemination and application of relevant evidence. In view of this, we developed a guideline containing eight recommendations that is applicable in China, namely the Clinical Practice Guideline on Non-pharmacological Interventions for Older Adults with Cognitive Dysfunction: Physical Activity, by the use of existing evidence, and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluations (GRADE) framework combined with values and preferences of Chinese older adults with cognitive dysfunction. This guideline will contribute to the reduction of the incidence of cognitive dysfunction, and preventing or slowing the progression of cognitive dysfunction to dementia.

Objective: This study sought to develop and validate a 6-year risk prediction model in older adults with cognitive frailty (CF). Methods: In the secondary analysis of Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), participants from the 2011–2018 cohort were included to develop the prediction model. The CF was assessed by the Chinese version of Mini-Mental State Exam (CMMSE) and the modified Fried criteria. The stepwise regression was used to select predictors, and the logistic regression analysis was conducted to construct the model. The model was externally validated using the temporal validation method via the 2005–2011 cohort. The discrimination was measured by the area under the curve (AUC), and the calibration was measured by the calibration plot. A nomogram was conducted to vividly present the prediction model. Results: The development dataset included 2420 participants aged 60 years or above, and 243 participants suffered from CF during a median follow-up period of 6.91 years (interquartile range 5.47–7.10 years). Six predictors, namely, age, sex, residence, body mass index (BMI), exercise, and physical disability, were finally used to develop the model. The model performed well with the AUC of 0.830 and 0.840 in the development and external validation datasets, respectively. Conclusion: The study could provide a practical tool to identify older adults with a high risk of CF early. Furthermore, targeting modifiable factors could prevent about half of the new-onset CF during a 6-year follow-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although the significance of tourist risk perceptions is well documented, perspectives on risk associated with major pandemics such as COVID-19 remain poorly understood, especially from the viewpoint of destination crisis management. This research measured risk perceptions among Chinese residents related to travelling to Wuhan after the outbreak of COVID-19. Based on the concept and dimensions of tourist risk perceptions, a risk perception scale with 13 items on four dimensions (health, financial, social. performance) was developed and validated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Risk perception differences among visitor groups were identified based on 1818 survey responses collected during the COVID-19 outbreak in China. The results show that occupations and place of residence had significant effects on all 13 items, while gender, age, educational attainment, and income independently affected some items. Similarly, respondent involvement in disease prevention and control, losses suffered during the pandemic, and previous experiences of visiting Wuhan were found to produce significant differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the relationship between angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene and exercise-induced silent myocardial ischemia (SI) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus., Methods: One hundred and eight patients suffering from type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal rest electrocardiograph and 50 healthy individuals were selected randomly. SI was diagnosed with treadmill exercise test and ACE genotypes were detected with PCR., Results: (1) The control group and type 2 diabetes mellitus group had similar distribution of ACE genotypes and alleles (P>0.05). Compared with the non-SI group, the SI group had significantly higher ACE D allele prevalence (Chi-square=4.501, P<0.05); however, the two groups had similar prevalence of ACE genotypes (P>0.05). (2) There were no significant differences in clinical characteristics and serum lipoproteins among the three ACE genotypes (II, DD,ID) of type 2 diabetes mellitus (P>0.05). (3) The prevalence of SI in DD group was found to be 68.2%, which was significantly higher than that in II genotype group (39.5%, Chi-square=4.593, P<0.05)., Conclusion: ACE D allele increases the risk of SI in type 2 diabetes mellitus.