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AbstractThe study determined the prevalence and factors associated with unintentional injuries among under- fives in Kgalagadi South. A descriptive cross- sectional study was conducted between November 2020 and February 2021 using a multi- stage sampling technique to recruit 389 guardians with children aged five years and below. Self-administered questionnaires were used for the literate population, while interviewer-administered questionnaires were used for the population with limited literacy to elicit information from the guardians. Chi- square, univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used for inferential analysis. The prevalence of unintentional injuries was 48.8%. There was a significant association between injury occurrence and guardians’ employment status, alcohol consumption and non- medicinal drug use by the guardian, cigarette use by the guardian, household income level, gender and age of the child who got injured. The guardians age and cigarette use by the guardian were identified as independent risk factors for injury occurrence among under- five children. The findings highlight the need for policymakers and practitioners to develop policies that support comprehensive health education for caregivers on childhood injury prevention and creating a safe environment for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous research has found that children’s sharing with others relies on fairness norms, but also varies according to their social relationships. The current study focuses on the conflict between fairness and relationship, exploring their impacts across two resource allocation contexts. We used a parallel work task to explore the effect of relation‐ship with different recipients (friend, stranger, or disliked peer) on three allocation patterns (generous, fair, or selfish), when children directly allocated resources (distributive allocation), or applied different procedures to recipients (procedural application). Participants consisted of 123 Chinese children between the ages of 6 and 12. We found that in the distributive allocation context, in which participants directly decided the outcome, children pri‐marily considered their relationship with recipients when dividing resources, not fairness. However, in the proce‐dural application context, in which children could choose different allocation procedures for recipients, children pri‐marily preferred fairness, regardless of social relationship. Moreover, when making distributive allocations, 6‐ to 8‐year‐olds were more selfish toward their disliked peers, whereas 9‐ to 12‐year‐olds tended to be more fair and generous toward their friends and strangers. These find‐ings shed light on the link between social relationship and fairness within different allocation contexts among chil‐dren of Chinese cultural background.

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In this study, Rongyou463 seeds were used as experimental materials and soaked with different solvents (conventional agent, "Yonghao" soaking liquid, and water) to investigate the effects of "Yonghao" soaking liquid on biological characters and yield of rice. The results showed that using "Yonghao" soaking liquid can significantly improve the seedling quality and yield of rice, which mainly expressed in the increase of effective panicle number, seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The positive development of the personal belief in a just world (PBJW) plays a vital role in academic achievement and mental health among children and adolescents. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the influencing factors of PBJW better. The association between parenting styles and PBJW has been well established, but whether this association varies among different groups remains an open issue. The present study aimed to examine the strength of the associations between parenting styles and PBJW among Chinese children and adolescents and the role of certain moderators (gender, living location, and age) in these associations., Methods: This study employed hierarchical regression and simple slopes analyses to examine data from the National Children's Study of China. The database includes 24,013 Chinese children and adolescents in grades 49 ( M = 12.76 years, SD = 1.73), with 53.50% boys., Results: The results indicated that (1) authoritative parenting was positively correlated with PBJW; (2) both authoritarian and permissive parenting styles were negatively correlated with PBJW; (3) the positive relationship between authoritative parenting and PBJW was more prominent in urban regions; the negative relationship between authoritarian and PBJW was stronger in urban regions; and the negative relationship between permissive parenting and PBJW was more pronounced among girls and older children and adolescents., Discussion: These findings highlight important associations between parenting styles and the development of PBJW among Chinese children and adolescents, and suggest strategies for policy-makers, educators, and parents to improve PBJW for different types of Chinese children and adolescents., Competing Interests: The authors declare that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Wang, Ye, Wang and Zeng.)