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The crystal‐poor rhyolitic pumice is the product of extreme magma differentiation and is characterized by highly vesicular, honeycomb‐like structure. However, little is known about the evolutionary history and the time of volatile saturation of the pumice‐forming melt. A crystal‐poor rhyolitic pumice (TVG7‐1) has been collected from the Yoron Hole hydrothermal field in the middle Okinawa Trough, a young continental margin back‐arc basin in the western Pacific. This study conducted a detailed analysis on the texture and in situ chemical composition of plagioclase, orthopyroxene and Fe‐Ti oxides to reveal the evolution process, storage state and eruption triggers of eruptible silicic melt. Texture and zoning of specific minerals and mineral populations suggest a magmatic evolution history of open system. Additionally, the hollow reentrant texture, as well as results from plagioclase‐liquid hygrometers, confirm a water‐rich melt pocket. The exsolution of volatiles (H2O, etc.), in this melt pocket, will contribute to local oxidation conditions, which may have been recorded by the concordant behaviour of FeO and An in plagioclase. Then, the overpressure caused by volatile exsolution would destabilize the magma chamber, which will eventually be broken by magma mixing/recharge, and lead to violent melt evacuation. Consequently, crystal size distribution (CSD) provides a new perspective on understanding the kinetic effect of magma mixing/recharge in the Okinawa Trough, especially on the mineral populations. Our study reveals the petrogenesis of crystal‐poor rhyolite within the framework of the mush model, refines the magma evolution history and demonstrates that pumice magma reaches volatile saturation before the eruption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The extensively studied fractional-order dynamical networks only contain a uniform fractional derivative, which restricts the scope of fractional-order investigation. One type of Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy second-fractional-order linear networks is established in this article. First, by defining a novel Lyapunov functional, a sufficient criterion is offered to ensure global asymptotic stability of the addressed networks with time delay. Second, a fuzzy state-feedback control scheme is designed for the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy second-fractional-order delayed linear networks to achieve global stabilization. Third, considering that only a few scholars have worked on adaptive control of fractional-order networks, an adaptive control method is also designed to realize the global stabilization of the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy second-fractional-order linear networks, which does not contain the sign function and chattering problem can be averted. All results, given as algebraic criteria, are proved directly from the Takagi–Sugeno fuzzy second-fractional-order networks without utilizing the reduced-order approach. Three simulation examples are conducted to show the validity of the theoretical results at last. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sedimentary source-to-sink processes remain under debate in the southwestern Okinawa Trough due to its complex oceanographic context. We employe a multidisciplinary approach combining marine sedimentology and physical oceanography to address the sedimentary source-to-sink processes. This study shows that the East China Sea shelf has been the provenance of the southwestern Okinawa Trough during the past 3000 a, judged from the detrital zircon U-Pb geochronology. Numerical simulations indicated that the bottom currents are the primary drivers that transport sediments from the East China Sea shelf continuously entering the southwestern Okinawa Trough. This study confirms that the source-to-sink system in the southwestern Okinawa Trough is controlled by multiscale ocean processes, and verifies that the sediments are mainly sourced from the East China Sea shelf in the past 3000 a. These arguments greatly improve our understanding on the sediment dispersal and have important implications on the climatic and oceanographic reconstructions. • Detrital Zircon U-Pb geochronology is an effective tool for differentiating Taiwanese rivers and East China Sea shelf sourced sediments. • Zircon U-Pb ages data indicated that the East China Sea shelf is the primary provenance of the southwestern Okinawa Trough. • Bottom currents dominated sedimentary source-sink processes in the southwestern Okinawa Trough during the high sea-level stand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The published stability criteria for impulsive neural networks are scale-free on time line, which is only appropriate for discrete or continuous ones. The issue of global exponential stability for impulsive delayed neural networks on time scales is analyzed by employing the convex combination method in this article. Several algebraic and linear matrix inequality conditions are proved by constructing impulse-dependent Lyapunov functionals and using timescale inequality techniques. Unlike the published works, impulsive control strategies can be designed by utilizing our theoretical results to stabilize delayed neural networks on time scales if they are unstable before introducing impulses. Sufficient criteria for global exponential stability in this article are derived based on the timescale theory, and they are applicable to discrete-time impulsive neural networks, their continuous-time analogues, and neural networks whose states are discrete at one time and continuous at another time. Four numerical examples are offered to demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of our new theoretical results in the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional properties of neurons in the primary visual cortex (V1) are thought to be closely related to the structural properties of this network, but the specific relationships remain unclear. Previous theoretical studies have suggested that sparse coding, an energy-efficient coding method, might underlie the orientation selectivity of V1 neurons. We thus aimed to delineate how the neurons are wired to produce this feature. We constructed a model and endowed it with a simple Hebbian learning rule to encode images of natural scenes. The excitatory neurons fired sparsely in response to images and developed strong orientation selectivity. After learning, the connectivity between excitatory neuron pairs, inhibitory neuron pairs, and excitatory-inhibitory neuron pairs depended on firing pattern and receptive field similarity between the neurons. The receptive fields (RFs) of excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons were well predicted by the RFs of presynaptic excitatory neurons and inhibitory neurons, respectively. The excitatory neurons formed a small-world network, in which certain local connection patterns were significantly overrepresented. Bidirectionally manipulating the firing rates of inhibitory neurons caused linear transformations of the firing rates of excitatory neurons, and vice versa. These wiring properties and modulatory effects were congruent with a wide variety of data measured in V1, suggesting that the sparse coding principle might underlie both the functional and wiring properties of V1 neurons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the design and operation of interim product manufacturing systems, large-scale one-of-a-kind production (OKP) features disruptions and lack of synchronization, which challenges real-time production process systematic control. The difficulty lies in two aspects. First, large-scale OKP is generally characterized by product design uncertainty and changes in resource availability, which often causes varied working time with workforce allocation variations. Second, specific types of large-scale OKP provides discrete production with complicated structures. There is the complicated work breakdown structure (WBS) of top-down and simple-to-complex refinement. Moreover, the production task relation structure in WBS, which consists of tandem structure, parallel structure and double-level-nested parallel structure, is complex. Indeed, many large-scale OKP enterprises do not have an effective method to both control and plan adjustment in a systematic way for dealing with the progress of OKP operations under workforce allocation disruptions and different working time scenarios. The traditional production project management and control system, theory, and methods do not handle this situation well since these technologies are developed with a view to managing production periods instead of controlling time-related cost systematically during production. Regarding the interim product production process in large-scale OKP as a manufacturing system, in this article we propose a cost dynamic control and optimization method based on the multilevel hierarchical PERT-Petri net (MLHPP) to achieve a closed-loop production dynamic control structure in large-scale OKP. The proposed modeling method and algorithms, through an industrial implementation in shipbuilding interim production (e.g., a ship block building), demonstrate a computing model for structuring and controlling large-scale OKP systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we revisit the drive-response synchronization of a class of recurrent neural networks with unbounded delays and time-varying coefficients, contrary to usual in the literature about time-varying neural networks, the signs of self-feedback coefficients are permitted to be indefinite or the time-varying coefficients can be unbounded. A generalized scalar delay differential inequality considering indefinite self-feedback coefficient and unbounded delay simultaneously is established, which covers the existing result with bounded delay, the applicabilities of the sufficient conditions are discussed. Some novel criteria for network synchronization are then derived by constructing different candidate functions. These results have been improved in some aspects compared with the existing ones. Differential inequality in vector form is also derived to obtain a more refined synchronization criterion which removes some strong assumptions. Three examples are presented to verify the effectiveness and show the superiorities of our theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The joint-free superconducting annular disks and their stacks, obtained by cutting REBCO (REBa2Cu3O7–δ, RE: rare earth) wide tapes, are proposed as promising passive magnetic shields in this paper. The shielding properties of the disks have been numerically studied using the finite element method. The shielding factor (SF), defined as the ratio between the applied field and the central field, had a frequency-independent value when the magnetic field is much lower than the full penetration field. It appears to have a linear relationship with the ratio of the outer and inner diameter of the disk. Furthermore, various architectures with stacked disks were studied. High shielding factors (SF > 104) under enhanced full penetration fields of above 100 mT can be obtained in the configuration of more disks and proper disk distance (the distance between the disks on each layer). Two stacked disks were designed. In a 1-mT, 1-Hz applied field, the SF of the 4-mm inner diameter discrete stack is 1.21 × 107 (140 dB), and the SF of the 20-mm inner diameter split stack reaches 3.44 × 104 (90 dB). It implies that the stacked REBCO disks have great potential for the application of high-efficiency magnetic shielding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article deals with the asymptotic stability and synchronization of fractional-order neural networks (FONNs) with unbounded time-varying delays, in which FONNs can be the general nonlinear system. First, the existence of the equilibrium point of the nonlinear system is obtained, and the μ-type stability of fractional-order nonlinear systems is proved by the analytical method. Second, several sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the μ-type stability of FONNs by taking easily implemented parameters. Moreover, the μ-type synchronization of drive-response systems is established by designing the linear controller. Especially, μ-type stability is the general stability, including Mittag-Leffler stability and power-stability, which is the extension of the Mittag-Leffler stability of FONNs. Finally, two numerical examples are presented to show the effectiveness of the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zero-shot learning has received great interest in visual recognition community. It aims to classify new unobserved classes based on the model learned from observed classes. Most zero-shot learning methods require pre-provided semantic attributes as the mid-level information to discover the intrinsic relationship between observed and unobserved categories. However, it is impractical to annotate the enriched label information of the observed objects in real-world applications, which would extremely hurt the performance of zero-shot learning with limited labeled seen data. To overcome this obstacle, we develop a Low-rank Semantics Grouping (LSG) method for zero-shot learning in a semi-supervised fashion, which attempts to jointly uncover the intrinsic relationship across visual and semantic information and recover the missing label information from seen classes. Specifically, the visual-semantic encoder is utilized as projection model, low-rank semantic grouping scheme is explored to capture the intrinsic attributes correlations and a Laplacian graph is constructed from the visual features to guide the label propagation from labeled instances to unlabeled ones. Experiments have been conducted on several standard zero-shot learning benchmarks, which demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed method by comparing with state-of-the-art methods. Our model is robust to different levels of missing label settings. Also visualized results prove that the LSG can distinguish the test unseen classes more discriminative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, self-supervised learning-based models have been widely used for electrocardiogram (ECG) representation learning. However, most of the models utilize contrastive learning that strongly depend on data augmentation. In this paper, we propose a masked self-supervised learning model based on multiview information bottleneck principle. Our method masks the ECG signal instances in the time and frequency domains at a high ratio and then uses the autoencoder to reconstruct the original input. Not only the intra-view relations within each view but also the inter-view relations between two views are exploited in ECG representation learning. Furthermore, we use the multiview information bottleneck principle to remove redundant information in the time and frequency domains, so that the representations of both views contain more task-relevant information. Our model is pre-trained on three larger ECG datasets at once and fine-tuned on each classification task. Experimental results show that our model not only outperforms state-of-the-art models with self-supervised learning, but also outperforms models with supervised learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a unified framework to design sliding-mode control for stabilization of delayed memristive neural networks (DMNNs) with external disturbances. Under the presented framework, finite-time stabilization, and fixed-time stabilization of the controlled DMNNs can be, respectively, obtained by choosing different values for a specific control parameter. It is proved that the system responses can be made reaching the designed sliding-mode surface in finite and fixed time, and then stay on it. Moreover, it also illustrates that the inevitable external disturbances can be rejected by the designed sliding-mode control. Finally, the efficiency and superiority of the obtained main results are verified by comparisons with related works and numerical simulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates Cohen–Grossberg neural networks (CGNNs) with unbounded time-varying delays. The existence condition of multiple equilibrium points is established by the algebraic inequality method. And then, the ${\psi }$ -type stability is studied by analysis method for CGNNs with unbounded time-varying delays, and the relative convergence rate can be adjusted by the selection of ${\psi }$ -type functions. Moreover, by introducing the topological degree, the algebraic sum of the number of equilibria remains unchanged for any smooth function in the specified metric space. Finally, one numerical example is implemented to show the validity of the presented results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Artificial neural networks (ANNs), such as the convolutional neural network (CNN) and long short-term memory (LSTM), have high complexity and contain large numbers of parameters. Memristor-based neural networks, which have the ability of in-memory and parallel computing, are therefore proposed to accelerate the operations of ANNs. In this paper, a memristor-based hardware realization of long short-term memory (LSTM) network with in situ training is presented. The designed memristor-based LSTM (MbLSTM) network is composed of memristor-based LSTM cell and memristor-based dense layer. Sigmoid and tanh (hyperbolic tangent) activation functions are approximately implemented through intentionally designing circuit parameters. A weight update scheme with row-parallel characteristic is put forward to update the conductance of memristors in crossbars. The highlights of MbLSTM include an effective hardware-based inference process and in situ training. The validity of MbLSTM is substantiated through classification tasks. The robustness of MbLSTM to conductance variations is also analyzed. • The presented memristor-based long short-term memory (MbLSTM) has an effective inference process derived from the circuit structure. • A weight update scheme is put forward to achieve in situ training and the updating of the conductance of memristors is row-parallel. • Activation functions are approximately implemented through intentionally designing circuit parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses global Mittag-Leffler lag quasi-synchronization (GMLQS) of fractional-order memristor-based neural networks (FMNNs). Firstly, for a general class of fractional-order nonlinear systems with interval uncertainties, a kind of linear feedback pinning controller, which works by feeding back partial state errors to the partial controlled variables, is designed to achieve global Mittag-Leffler ultimate boundedness (GMUB). Correspondingly, a GMUB criterion in the form of linear matrix inequality (LMI) is derived with the aid of a Lyapunov function and a newly established fractional-order differential inequality. Then, the linear feedback pinning controller is employed for GMUB of the synchronization error system, which is equivalent to GMLQS of FMNNs. Since there exists the propagation delay between drive-response FMNNs and the synchronization error system can not be obtained straightforwardly, an identical equation about Caputo's fractional derivatives is established to overcome this difficulty. Moreover, the detailed pinning control scheme design procedures for a prescribed GMLQS performance are presented, where the performance involves both ultimate error bound and transient behavior. In the control scheme, an auxiliary LMI and an optimization objective function are introduced, which can significantly reduce control cost. Finally, a numerical example is presented to show the feasibility of the control scheme. The results obtained in this paper have improved the existing criterion on quasi-synchronization of FMNNs, and will also provide a novel insight into pinning control of fractional-order nonlinear systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interval prediction is an efficient approach to quantifying the uncertainties associated with landslide evolution. In this paper, a novel method, termed lower upper bound estimation (LUBE), of constructing prediction intervals (PIs) based on neural networks (NNs) is applied and extended to landslide displacement prediction. A random vector functional link network (RVFLN) is adopted as the NN used in the improved LUBE. A hybrid evolutionary algorithm, termed PSOGSA, that combines particle swarm optimization (PSO) and gravitational search algorithm (GSA) is utilized to train LUBE. The loss function of LUBE is redesigned by considering the quality of PI centre, which allows for a more comprehensive evaluation of PIs. The population initialization in the training process of LUBE is implemented by transferring the weights of a series of pre-trained RVFLNs. The performance of the improved LUBE method is validated by considering a comprehensive set of cases using seven benchmark datasets. In addition, a hybrid method that integrates ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) with the improved LUBE is proposed for the special case of landslide displacement prediction. Six real-world reservoir-induced landslides are considered to validate the capability and merit of the proposed hybrid method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has discussed fixed-time synchronization of discontinuous Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with time-varying delays and matched disturbances based on sliding mode control technology. First, a novel sliding-mode surface is established. And, the dynamics on the sliding-mode surface can be achieved in the fixed time by employing the Gudermannian function. Then, considering the effect of delay, two different control schemes are introduced to ensure the fixed time reachability of the sliding mode. In addition, some useful criteria are given out for fixed-time synchronization of neural networks, and the setting time is formulated in a straightforward way. Finally, some examples and simulations are presented to verify the validity of the proposed results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seafloor hydrothermal vent fields (SHVFs) are located in the mid-ocean ridge (MOR), backarc basin (BAB), island arc and hot-spot environments and hosted mainly by ultramafic, mafic, felsic rocks, and sediments. The hydrothermal vent fluids of SHVFs have low oxygen, abnormal pH and temperature, numerous toxic compounds, and inorganic energy sources, such as sulfuric compounds, methane, and hydrogen. The geological, physical, and chemical characteristics of SHVFs provide important clues to understanding the formation and evolution of seafloor hydrothermal systems, leading to the determination of metal sources and the reconstruction of the physicochemical conditions of metallogenesis. Over the past two decades, we studied the geological settings, volcanic rocks, and hydrothermal products of SHVFs and drawn new conclusions in these areas, including: 1) the hydrothermal plumes in the Okinawa Trough are affected by the Kuroshio current; 2) S and Pb in the hydrothermal sulfides from MOR are mainly derived from their host igneous rocks; 3) Re and Os of vent fluids are more likely to be incorporated into Fe- and Fe-Cu sulfide mineral facies, and Os is enriched under low-temperature (<200°C) hydrothermal conditions in global SHVFs; 4) compared with low-temperature hydrothermal sulfides, sulfates, and opal minerals, high-temperature hydrothermal sulfides maintain the helium (He) isotopic composition of the primary vent fluid; 5) relatively low temperature (<116°C), oxygenated, and acidic environment conditions are favorable for forming a native sulfur chimney, and a "glue pudding" growth model can be used to understand the origin of native sulfur balls in the Kueishantao hydrothermal field; and 6) boron isotope from hydrothermal plumes and fluids can be used to describe their diffusive processes. The monitoring and understanding of the physical structure, chemical composition, geological processes, and diverse organism of subseafloor hydrothermal systems will be a future hot spot and frontier of submarine hydrothermal geology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with multiple Lagrange stability under perturbation for recurrent neural networks with time-varying delays. This is different from traditional Lagrange stability, which means that multiple Lagrange stability under perturbation holds for any disturbance of initial value and any structural perturbation, within a specified and well-characterized set. In this paper, multiple Lagrange stability under perturbation with respect to a finite number of trivial solutions is established, which has good robustness. Under certain perturbation, the core of the proof of the boundedness of trajectories in mutually disjoint subregions is to employ the generalized differential inequality. The results supplement and extend some previous results, and they are applicable to robust analysis of multiple equilibria. Finally, numerical calculation and simulations are implemented to illustrate the effectiveness of the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Yonaguni Knoll IV is an active seafloor hydrothermal system containing massive Zn–Pb sulfides located in the southwestern Okinawa Trough. Previous research has suggested that the metal elements Zn and Pb were dominantly derived from the local volcanic rocks via water–rock interactions. However, it is not known whether or why the volcanic rocks are rich in these metals. Here, we performed a detailed in situ analysis of the major and trace elements in amphiboles in the rhyolite from the hydrothermal field to decipher the physical‐chemical conditions of the silicic magma, including temperature (T), pressure (P), oxygen fugacity (fO2), volatile contents (Cl, H2O) and metal contents (Pb, Zn), and investigate the behavior of the metals (Zn and Pb) during melt evolution. Our results show that the amphiboles are euhedral calcic magnesio‐hornblende and are in equilibrium with the hydrous and oxidized host rhyolitic melt characterized by high H2Omelt (~5.8–6.5 wt.%), fO2 (NNO +0.1 to +0.6) and SiO2melt (~71.73–72.62 wt.%) values at 761–797°C and 102–137 MPa, corresponding to an approximate depth of 3.9–5.2 km. In addition, the rare earth element (REE) patterns of the melt reconstructed from the amphiboles are analogous to those of cold‐wet‐oxidized rhyolites. Thus, the amphiboles crystallized in a cold‐wet‐oxidized shallow silicic magma chamber. The high oxygen fugacity is inferred to have favored sulfur and metal enrichment in the melt. The most abundant metal in the amphiboles is Zn (237–294 ppm), and the concentrations of Pb are much lower (0.86–3.32 ppm), suggesting that Zn preferentially entered the amphibole and that Pb was retained in the melt. The Cl content of the amphiboles ranges from 0.11 to 0.25 wt.%, and accordingly, the Clmelt content estimated from the amphiboles varies from 0.15 to 0.28 wt.%. The low (Cl/H2O)melt ratios, which are <0.05 (i.e., ~0.02–0.04), suggest that the melt exsolved an H2O‐rich vapor rather than a hydrosaline fluid with insufficient Cl to transport metals (e.g., Pb and Zn) into the vapor phase during degassing both in the magma chamber and during ascent. The lack of exsolved hydrosaline fluid and the high oxidation conditions resulted in the metal elements Pb and Zn remaining dissolved in the rhyolitic melt and/or partitioning into crystalline minerals upon eruption. Thus, the large volumes of rhyolitic magma that intruded into the upper crust of the Yonaguni Knoll IV hydrothermal field are a potential fertile source of these elements via leaching by heated seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global exponential stabilization and lag synchronization control of delayed inertial neural networks (INNs) are investigated. By constructing nonnegative function and employing inequality techniques, several new results about exponential stabilization and exponential lag synchronization are derived via adaptive control. And the theoretical outcomes are developed directly from the INNs themselves without variable substitution. In addition, the synchronization results are also applied to image encryption and decryption. Finally, an example is presented to illustrate the validity of the derived results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with quasi-synchronization of stochastic memristor-based neural networks with mixed delays and parameter mismatches. Due to the parameter mismatches, mean-square exponential synchronization generally cannot be achieved directly, then the concept of exponential quasi-synchronization in mean square is introduced. Furthermore, based on the differential inclusions theory, stochastic Lyapunov function method and inequality techniques, some sufficient conditions are derived to guarantee the mean-square exponential quasi-synchronization for stochastic memristor-based neural networks with mixed delays. Finally, two examples are given to show the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The composition of hydrothermal plumes reflects the physical and chemical characteristics of seafloor hydrothermal fluids, which in turn reflects the host rock and subseafloor reaction conditions as well as the water column processes that act to alter the plumes as they disperse and age. Here, we show that the turbidity, current, pH value, dissolved Fe (dFe), and dissolved Mn (dMn) compositions of hydrothermal plumes can be used to understand the spatial distribution and source of hydrothermal systems in the submarine geological environment. Data were obtained from 18 hydrocast stations, among which the water column samples were collected at 8 stations during the MANUS cruise of R/V KEXUE in 2015. The results showed that the Satanic Mills plume and Fenway plume rose approximately 140 m and 220 m above the seafloor, respectively. In the Satanic Mills plume, dFe remained longer than dMn during lateral plume dispersal. There was a clear intersection of the Satanic Mills plume and Fenway plume between 1625 m and 1550 m in the PACMANUS hydrothermal field, and the varied dispersion trends of the mixed plumes were affected by current velocities at different depths. The physical and chemical properties of the seawater columns in the Manus Basin were affected by the input of high-Mn, high-Fe, and low-Mg vent fluids. The turbidity and dFe, dMn, and dissolved Mg concentrations in the sections of the plumes proximal to the Satanic Mills, Fenway, and Desmos vent sites were generally higher (turbidity, Mn, and Fe) and lower (Mg) than those in the sections of the plumes that were more distal from the vent sites. This implied that the plumes proximal to their vent fluid sources, which were interpreted to have relatively young ages, dispersed chemically over time, and their concentrations became more similar to those of the plumes that were more distal from their vent fluid sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The effects of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide (GLP) on the proliferation and migration of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells (HSC-3) were investigated in this study. Methods. Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cells (HSC-3) were cultured in vitro and were treated with different concentrations of GLP. CCK-8 assay and scratch assay were then used to detect the inhibitory effect of GLP on these cells. qRT-PCR and western blot were used to measure the expression changes of the genes involved in the miR-188 and β-catenin signaling pathways. Results. GLP had significant cytotoxicity to HSC-3 cells and was capable of inhibiting the proliferation and migration of HSC-3 cells. GLP upregulated the expression of miR-188 in HSC-3 cells and via which inhibited the proliferation and migration of HSC-3 cells. In addition, miR-188 inhibited the activation of the β-catenin signaling pathway through its target BCL9. Conclusions. GLP inhibited the proliferation and migration of OSCC cells (HSC-3) by regulating the miR-188/BCL9/β-catenin signaling pathway. The results in this study provided a theoretical basis for the treatment of OSCC with GLP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of the felsic volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough (OT) remains uncertain. In the middle Okinawa Trough (MOT), two types of rhyolites (type 1 and type 2 rhyolites) have been recognized. Research on the diverse volcanic rocks should be prioritized to determine the magmatic origins of these rocks. Consequently, in this article, the geochemical differences and controlling factors for these two types of MOT rhyolites are systematically discussed. Type 2 rhyolites have higher Dy/Yb and Nb/Ta ratios than type 1 rhyolites, implying that the former might be influenced by a greater contribution of amphibole. Quantitative models suggest that type 1 rhyolites could have formed via the remelting of andesites when amphiboles remain in the source, whereas type 2 rhyolites could have formed without residual amphiboles. These two distinct melting models effectively explain most discrepancies between the major and trace element compositions of type 1 and 2 rhyolites. Additionally, the lower Mg# and δEu values of type 2 rhyolites are partly caused by significant magmatic differentiation. Quasi-linear correlations between some major oxides, trace element ratios and Sr-Nd isotopic ratios for type 2 rhyolites suggest that these rhyolites might have been contaminated by crustal rocks or melts with compositions similar to those of the Kueishantao (KST) andesites or the Middle Miocene upper crustal rocks of SW Japan. Therefore, isotopically enriched crustal materials likely remain in the OT crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: As an emerging device, memristor has several excellent properties like changeable memristance, nonvolatility, and nanoscale. Based on complementary metal‐oxide‐semiconductor (CMOS) dual‐slope analog‐to‐digital (A/D) converter, this paper proposes a memristive dual‐slope A/D converter. Owing to the usage of memristor, the proposed memristive A/D converter not only has more compact circuit structure and simpler control timing than the CMOS one but also has advantages over the existing memristive conversion circuits in circuit design and application. For the memristive A/D converter, a conversion process consists of two count procedures. By means of controlling the memristance change in the two count procedures, the A/D converter converts an analog signal to the corresponding digital count value. Meanwhile, the conversion result is inferred according to the circuit structure of the A/D converter. Then, combining the conversion process and PSPICE simulation, this paper analyzes the anti‐interference performance of the A/D converter. Further, the robustness of the A/D converter is presented, applying the similar analysis methods. The analysis results demonstrate that the proposed A/D converter has good anti‐interference and robustness performances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Okinawa Trough is an active back‐arc basin behind the Ryukyu Arc in the western Pacific. We report the geochemical and isotopic (Sr, Nd) compositions of volcanic rocks, which are recovered as lavas and pumices, dredged from northern Okinawa Trough. The volcanic rocks are composed of basaltic andesite, andesite, dacite, and trachydacite. Both intermediate and felsic rocks are characterized by enrichments in large‐ion lithophile elements (LILEs) and depletion in high‐field strength elements (HFSEs). Three groups of volcanic rocks have been identified. Andesite D5‐1 and trachydacite D10 display identical Sr and Nd isotopic ratios, together with strongly enriched in light‐REE and incompatible elements, compared to previously published basalts from middle Okinawa Trough (MOT). Andesite D5‐1 and trachydacite D10 are derived from basaltic magma modified by fractional crystallization. Andesites D5‐2, D5‐3, and D5‐4 exhibit lower 87Sr/86Sr and higher 143Nd/144Nd ratios than MOT basalts, transitional REE patterns and trace element ratios between adakite rocks and MOT basalts. Features of these samples can be interpreted by further mixing of the interaction magma of mantle wedge and subducted‐slab‐melt, with evolved basaltic magma. Dacite D22, occurring as pumice, shows undistinguishable trace element, including REE, and Sr and Nd isotopic compositions with rhyolites from the southern Ryukyu volcanic front, which indicates that this pumice was not emplaced in situ and most likely drifted from southern Ryukyu volcanic front by Kuroshio Current. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Memristor-based neural network circuits are considered as promising hardware implementations for artificial neural networks. In the training of memristor-based neural networks, it slows down the training speed that synaptic weights cannot be adjusted synchronously. Meanwhile, the relation between synaptic weight variation and the duration of control signals is unknown in neuron circuits, which is disadvantageous for the training. This paper proposes a neuron circuit connecting memristor-CMOS hybrid synaptic circuits whose memristance can be adjusted simply by the positive voltage. According to the structure of the neuron circuit, an inference is implemented to obtain the relation between the increment or decrement of synaptic weight and the lasting time of control signal. Then, based on the presented neuron circuit, this paper proposes a single layer neural network (SNN) achieving character recognition and a multi-layer neural network (MNN) for pattern classification. Under the control of a microcontroller, the two networks realize synchronous weight adjustment that all the synaptic circuits required to change can adjust memristance at the same time in an iteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new highly nonlinear hybrid stochastic neural network with variable time delays is formulated, which is usually found to be unstable. In addition, the network coefficients considered in this article grow polynomially rather than linearly as we always considered before. Since original system is unstable, the purpose of this article is to construct a variable-delay feedback control function to make the augmented system stable. Then, four results on the stabilisation of the controlled system are given separately. At last, an example is provided to display the feasibility of theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, robust passivity problem for a class of fractional-order uncertain neural networks (FUNNs) in the sense of Caputo's fractional derivation is investigated. In particular, we consider two types of uncertainties (i.e. time-varying parameter uncertainty and interval uncertainty). With the help of linear matrix inequality (LMI) techniques and control theories of fractional system, some sufficient criteria are derived to ensure passivity of FUNNs, which enrich and improve the earlier integer-order and fractional-order publications. Finally, two numerical examples are given to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Utilize attention mechanism to quickly lock key disturbance areas and reduce unnecessary noise. • Different to Lp-norm based metrics, we use multi-standard metrics to reflect human perception. • Experiments show that the attention mechanism can reduce the disturbance amount while maintaining the attack success rate. Recently, research on adversarial attack and adversarial defense received more and more attention. Because although deep neural networks (DNNs) outperform humans in many tasks, studies have shown that they are easily fooled by human invisible disturbances. Identifying vulnerabilities in existing networks and further improving the robustness of the network is critical to the application of DNNs in real life. In this paper, a spatial transformed attack method based on the attention mechanism is proposed. The attention mechanism based on gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM) is used to find an meaningful attack area and the spatial transformation is performed on the this area to achieve adversarial attack. The experimental results show that the obtained method can reduce the magnitude of the disturbances needed to achieve the attack while ensuring the effectiveness. The adversarial examples generated by the obtained method shows smaller difference from the original sample under several different metrics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silicate melt inclusions (SMIs) in olivine, clinopyroxene, and orthopyroxene in basalt and trachyandesite of the middle Okinawa Trough (MOT) and in basaltic andesites of the southern Okinawa Trough (SOT) were investigated in detail to understand the evolution of magma and geochemical characteristics of the basaltic magma source. Both the SMIs and host bulk rocks are more heavily enriched with Pb and large ion lithophile elements than with high field strength elements and rare earth elements. The major element compositions of SMIs in the MOT trachyandesite show a scattered variation trend of medium‐K to shoshonitic series and suggest that a K‐rich magma source may exist in the Okinawa Trough. Two groups with distinct element distribution patterns observed in SMIs of the MOT trachyandesite may represent magmas with different evolutionary histories. Compared with fractional crystallization and partial melting processes, magma mixing may serve as a reasonable process for the production of trachyandesite in the MOT. Fractional crystallization has played an important role in basaltic magma evolution in the MOT and SOT. Simulations conducted using MELTS show that the fractional crystallization evolution trends observed correspond well to the presence of a magma chamber at 300 MPa with an H2O content level of 0.2 wt% in the MOT and to the presence of a magma chamber at 300 MPa with an H2O content level of 0.4 wt% in the SOT. Ratios of incompatible trace elements (e.g., Th/Ce, Th/Sm, Ba/Th, and Th/Nb); positive Pb anomalies; negative Nb, Ta, and Ti anomalies; and the existence of organic hydrocarbons (CnHm) in the SMIs can be attributed to the involvement of subducted sediment from the subducting slab. Modelling results suggest that more primitive magma represented by SMIs from the MOT has formed through the melting of less than 6% of a metasomatized depleted mantle with contributions of 1.2% sediment melt and 0.8% sediment fluid. In contrast, more primitive magma from the SOT formed through the melting of 4–10% of the depleted mantle with contributions of 3% sediment melt and 1% sediment fluid. The different features of the SMIs together with different tectonic settings of the MOT and SOT have formed in response to the westward subduction of the Philippine Sea Plate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract This paper discusses the quasi-synchronization of memristive neural networks (MNNs) with time-varying delays via event-triggered impulsive and state feedback control approaches. The choice of different initial conditions may lead to the unexpected parameter mismatch in virtue of the state-dependent parameters of MNNs. Thus, the accurate synchronization error level and the exponential convergence rate are derived in view of the comparison principle of impulsive systems and the variable parameter formula. A co-design procedure that can be easily implemented is presented to make the synchronization error converge to a predetermined level. Then, no zeno-behavior is proved to exist in the controlled system with the proposed event-triggered condition. In addition, a self-triggered scheme is proposed to prevent continuous communication happening between the drive system and the response system. Finally, a numerical example is given to illustrate the availability of the proposed control scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the southwestern Okinawa Trough, a cluster of approximate 70 submarine volcanoes is located at the cross back‐arc volcanic trail (CBVT), with the eruptive products dominated by rhyolites. New whole‐rock major and trace element and Sr–Nd–Pb–O isotopic data and previously available geochemistry data of volcanic rocks from this region are presented to determine the petrogenesis of these rhyolites. The rhyolites have high SiO2 (>70.01 wt.%), K2O + Na2O (6.71–7.16 wt.%) contents and differentiation index (DI) values (DI > 93), and are metaluminous to weakly peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.99–1.11) and medium‐K calc‐alkaline in composition. The relatively low 104*Ga/Al (2.06–2.17) and FeO*/MgO ratios (4.50–6.62), as well as Zr (91–174 ppm) and Zr + Ce + Nb + Y (175–271) contents suggest that the rhyolites, which contain hornblende, are generally similar to those of typical highly fractionated I‐type granitoids. The rhyolites show arc‐related features such as enrichment in LILEs (Rb, Ba, K), Th, U, Pb, and LREEs ((La/Yb)N = 6.21–6.74) and strong depletion in HFSEs (Nb, Ta, P, Ti) with both nearly identical and more enriched isotopic compositions, including εNd (from −3.2 to −3.5), 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.705552 to 0.705713), δ18O values (+8.1‰ to +8.6‰), and Pb isotopic compositions (206Pb/204Pb = 18.568–18.589, 207Pb/204Pb = 15.641–15.656, and 208Pb/204Pb = 38.848–38.904). Based on these characteristics, we propose that subduction‐related basalt magma and crust‐derived magma mixed and homogenized within a shallow magma chamber with a homogeneous "base‐level" isotopic signature of >0·7055 (87Sr/86Sr) and > −3 (εNd). This magma would have then experienced the extensive fractional crystallization of minerals, including plagioclase, hornblende, apatite, sphene, and Fe–Ti oxides, to form the CBVT rhyolites. Our geochemical interpretation of the existence of a long‐lived, convecting magma chamber beneath the CBVT is also consistent with seismic tomography results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient copper‐catalyzed cyclization of o‐azidobenzaldehyde and nitro‐olefins was developed. This reaction proceeds under solvent‐free conditions and displays broad functional group compatibility and affords 3‐nitroquinolines in good to excellent yields. The synthetic utility of this strategy is illustrated by the concise construction of quindolines in only three steps, which renders the reaction more practical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interface modification of collector/active materials is important for enhancing the performance of micro-supercapacitors (MSCs). In this study, we report that the performance of MnO 2 based MSCs is greatly improved only by adding a small amount of Pt modification on Au current collector. The MSCs were fabricated in the interdigitated planar form on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. LiCl-polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was used as solid electrolyte to make these all-solid-state flexible MSCs. The area specific capacitance of Pt modified MnO 2 /Pt@Au/PET MSCs are more than two times higher than those of MnO 2 /Au/PET MSCs without Pt modification. MnO 2 /Pt@Au MSCs has relatively higher energy density ranges from 0.36 to 0.88 μWh cm −2 and power density ranges from 0.04 to 0.16 mW cm −2 . In addition, the MnO 2 /Pt@Au/PET MSCs showed excellent long-term cycling stability with nearly no performance attenuation after 5000 times of galvanostatic charge/discharge cycles. Our results indicate that the interface modification of collector/active materials should receive sufficient attention to optimize and improve the storage performance and stability for MSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convolutional neural networks are widely used for solving image recognition and other classification problems in which the whole image is considered as a single object. In this paper, we take the pansharpening problem of remote sensing images as an example to discuss how to establish pixel-wise regression models using convolutional neural networks. In order to meet the requirements of pixel-wise analysis on both the localization accuracy and the abstraction ability of the regression process, a U-shaped architecture is applied in our study to construct the network model. By establishing direct connections between convolution layers at the front end and the back end of the network, image features corresponding to different resolution levels can be retained. Then a regression relationship between these multi-resolution image features and the target image pixel values can be obtained. Experimental results show that the proposed regression model can effectively accomplish pansharpening, with better performance in controlling geometric deformation and color distortion, as compared to some state of the art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major element, trace element, and Sr–Nd–Pb isotopic compositions of high‐potassium calc‐alkaline rhyolites (the T6 rhyolites) collected from the western slope of the middle Okinawa Trough (MOT) are reported in this article. These high‐potassium rhyolites have similar major and trace elemental compositions as Type 2 rhyolites from the MOT, except that the former contain higher concentrations of K2O, Th, U, and Rb and lower concentrations of Sr and Eu. Experimental data indicate that the T6 rhyolites cannot be sourced from low‐ to mid‐potassium MOT rocks by either fractional crystallization or partial melting processes but are instead derived from a cryptic potassium‐rich source beneath the Okinawa Trough (OT). Considering that high‐potassium volcanic rocks are distributed throughout the East China Sea Shelf, the Ryukyu Arc, and Kyushu Island, the high‐potassium OT rocks could represent an important connection between the OT and its adjacent regions. Compared to volcanic rocks from the MOT axial zone, the T6 rhyolites have more depleted Sr–Nd isotopic compositions (87Sr/86Sr = 0.7035–0.7036, 143Nd/144Nd = 0.51291–0.51297) but much more enriched compositions of 207Pb (207Pb/204Pb = 15.60–15.63) and 208Pb (208Pb/204Pb = 38.45–38.57), thus recording a significant DUPAL‐like signature. These isotopic anomalies cannot be explained by the incorporation of subducting sediments or crustal contamination but instead imply the presence of a DUPAL‐like mantle source beneath the OT. The decrease of the DUPAL‐like anomaly from the T6 rhyolites to the MOT axial zone volcanic rocks is consistent with the injection of an normal mid‐ocean ridge basalt (N‐MORB) mantle source, such as asthenospheric material, into pre‐existing DUPAL‐like mantle during back‐arc extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]