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Haiqing Li,1 Zixiong Zeng,1 Juan Cheng,1 Guoping Hu,1 Yuqun Li,1 Liping Wei,1 Yumin Zhou,2 Pixin Ran2 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Guoping HuDepartment of Respiratory Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 20-81292146Email hgpgz@126.comPixin RanGuangzhou Institute of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, 151 Yanjiang Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510120, People’s Republic of ChinaTel/Fax +86 20-81340482Email pxran@gzhmu.edu.cnBackground and objective: The association between N-terminal pro B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) concentrations and in-hospital and 1-year mortality in acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) patients is largely unknown. Our objective was to explore the usefulness of NT-proBNP concentrations in AECOPD patients as a prognostic marker for in-hospital and 1-year mortality.Methods: NT-proBNP levels were measured in patients upon admission and laboratory and clinical data were also recorded. The cut-point for the NT-proBNP concentration level for in-hospital death was obtained using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression and Cox regression were used in the analyses of factors of in-hospital and 1-year mortality.Results: A total of 429 patients were enrolled. Twenty-nine patients died during hospitalization and 59 patients died during the 1-year follow-up. Patients who died in-hospital compared with those in-hospital survivors were older (80.14±6.56 vs 75.93±9.45 years, p=0.003), had a higher percentage of congestive heart failure (65.52% vs 33.75%, p