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[Objective] To clarify the distribution characteristics and coupling relationship between soil erosion and hydrologic and sediment connectivity in Changchong River Basin, and to provide basis for soil erosion control and soil erosion prevention in this area. [Methods] By using the RUSLE model and introducing the connectivity index (IC) and topographic humidity index (TWI), the distribution characteristics of soil erosion, hydrological and sediment connectivity in the Changchong River Basin in 2021 were quantitatively evaluated by GIS platform. The effects of different slope, land use, elevation and slope direction on soil erosion intensity and hydrologic and sediment connectivity in small catchments were discussed, and the coupling relationship between soil erosion and hydrologic and sediment connectivity was analyzed through spatial autocorrelation. [Results] (1) The average soil erosion modulus in the Changchong River Basin was 380 t/(hm2·a), and the soil erosion intensity was mainly slight erosion, which gradually intensified from north to south. (2) The high hydrological and sediment connectivity is mainly distributed in cultivated land, and the opposite is true in forest and grassland land. The higher value is mainly located in the low-lying flat area with low slope and easy water accumulation, while the lower value is mainly in the steep mountainous area. (3) Topographic factors and land use types significantly affected soil erosion and hydrological and sediment connectivity (p

[Objective] The Dabie Mountain area in western Anhui Province is an important ecological transition area between the Yangtze River Basin and the Huaihe River Basin in Anhui Province. The study on the landscape pattern and soil erosion and their relationship in this area is helpful to provide a reference for the regulation of landscape pattern and soil erosion control in this area. [Methods] The RULSE model was used to calculate the soil erosion modulus in the Dabie Mountains of western Anhui in the recent 30 years. The changes of landscape pattern were described by landscape index, and the influence of landscape index on soil erosion was explored by partial least squares regression (PLSR). [Results] In recent 30 years, the soil erosion modulus showed a trend of decreasing first and increasing later. The areas with serious soil erosion were mainly concentrated in the central and western regions and the southern mountainous areas. In most areas, the soil erosion intensity was mainly slight and mild, and the erosion intensity of different land use types had obvious difference, which was grassland > cultivated land > forest land. The land use type and landscape pattern were generally stable. The change of landscape pattern was mainly manifested in the reduction of landscape fragmentation and the improvement of landscape heterogeneity and connectivity. Shannon’s Diversity Index (SHDI), Edge Density Index (ED), Proportion of Like Adjacencies (PLADJ), and Landscape Shape Index (LSI) had significant explanatory significance for the Dabie Mountain area in west Anhui Province. Shannon’s Diversity Index (SHDI), Edge Density Index (ED), and Landscape Shape Index (LSI) had significant positive effects on soil erosion, while Proportion of Like Adjacencies (PLADJ) had significant negative effects on soil erosion. [Conclusion] In the Dabie Mountains of western Anhui, the increase of landscape fragmentation and the decrease of landscape connectivity will significantly promote soil erosion.

Climate and topography both have a paramount role in defining tree species distribution. Global warming had increased the risk of climatic influences on the sustainability of subtropical pine forests. The radial growth (Rg) allows to understand the long term variation in climate change at different temporal and spatial scales. Here, we analyzed 144 Rg chronologies from 48 different sites in a subtropical pine forest in the Murree Hills of Pakistan. The results showed a strong non-linear relationship of annual precipitation (PPT) and annual mean air temperature (Ta) with Rg. The results further indicated that previous and present summer precipitation imposed a positive impact on the Rg (p < 0.05). The previous summer Ta showed a significant negative effect on Rg while positively correlated during current July. The growth response analysis indicated that Rg was often limited by variation in soil moisture associated with lower PPT and higher Ta. Moreover, the dependency of Rg on PPT and Ta varied along growing degree days (GDD >5oC), at different elevations. Our findings provide a remarkable evidence that the annual Rg of P. roxburghii species appeared to be progressively limited by the effect of climate warming and varied spatially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the last decade, the widely distributed shrublands in northern China have shown significant signs of recovery from desertification, the result of widespread conservation practices. However, to support the current efforts in conservation, more knowledge is needed on surface energy partitioning and its biophysical controls. Using eddy-covariance measurements made over a semi-arid shrubland in northwest China in 2012, we examined how surface energy-balance components vary on diurnal and seasonal scales, and how biophysical factors control bulk surface parameters and energy exchange. Sensible heat flux ( H) exceeded latent heat flux ( λE) during most of the year, resulting in an annual Bowen ratio ( β, i.e. H/ λE) of 2.0. λE exceeded H only in mid-summer when frequent rainfall co-occurred with the seasonal peak in leaf area index ( LAI). Evapotranspiration reached a daily maximum of 3.3 mm day−1, and summed to 283 mm yr−1. The evaporative fraction ( EF, i.e. λE/ Rn), Priestley-Taylor coefficient ( α), surface conductance ( gs) and decoupling coefficient ( Ω) were all positively correlated with soil water content ( SWC) and LAI. The direct enhancement of λE by high vapour pressure deficit ( VPD) was buffered by a concurrent suppression of gs. The gs played a direct role in controlling EF and α by mediating the effects of LAI, SWC and VPD. Our results highlight the importance of adaptive plant responses to water scarcity in regulating ecosystem energy partitioning, and suggest an important role for revegetation in the reversal of desertification in semi-arid areas. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil respiration (Rs) and its biophysical controls were measured over a fixed sand dune in a desert-shrub ecosystem in northwest China in 2012 to explore the mechanisms controlling the spatial heterogeneity in Rs and to understand the plant effects on the spatial variation in Rs in different phenophases. The measurements were carried out on four slope orientations (i.e., windward, leeward, north- and south-face) and three height positions on each slope (i.e., lower, upper, and top) across the phenophases of the dominant shrub species (Artemisia ordosica). Coefficient of variation (i.e., standard deviation/mean) of Rs across the 11 microsites over our measurement period was 23.5%. Soil respiration was highest on the leeward slope, but lowest on the windward slope. Over the measurement period, plant-related factors, rather than micro-hydrometeorological factors, affected the topographic variation in Rs. During the flowering-bearing phase, root biomass affected Rs most, explaining 72% of the total variation. During the leaf coloration-defoliation phase, soil nitrogen content affected Rs the most, explaining 56% of the total variation. Our findings highlight that spatial pattern in Rs was dependent on plant distribution over a desert sand dune, and plant-related factors largely regulated topographic variation in Rs, and such regulations varied with plant phenology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poplar (Populus sp.) plantations have been used broadly for combating desertification, urban greening, and paper and wood production in northern China. However, given the high water use by the species and the regional dry environment, the long-term sustainability of these plantations needs to be evaluated. Currently, the understanding of energy partitioning and canopy resistance to water vapor and CO2 in poplar plantations is limited, impeding an accurate assessment of their true ecosystem functions. This study examined the variability of canopy bulk resistance parameters and energy partitioning over a four-year period encompassing both dry and wet conditions in a poplar (Populus euramericana CV. "74 / 76") plantation ecosystem located in northern China. Available energy (Net radiation Rn minus Soil Heat Flux, G) partitioning to latent (LE) and sensible (H) heat was responsive to climatological drought, with LE/(Rn-G) ranging from 62% in wet years (e.g. 2007 and 2008) to 53% in dry years (e.g. 2006 and 2009), and H/(Rn-G) from 25 to 33% between wet and dry years. Correspondingly, the Bowen ratio (β=H/LE) were 0.83 and 1.57. Surface resistance (Rs) had the greatest response to drought (+43%), but the aerodynamic and climatological resistances did not change significantly (p > 0.05). Partial correlation analysis indicated that Rs was the dominant factor in controlling the Bowen ratio. Furthermore, Rs was the major factor controlling LE during the growing season, even in wet years, as indicated by the decoupling coefficient (Ω = 0.45 and 0.39 in wet and dry years, respectively), and the LE / LEeq ratio ranged from 0.81 and 0.68 in wet and dry years, respectively. In general, the dry surface conditions dominated in this poplar plantation ecosystem regardless of soil water availability suggesting that fast-growing and water use-intensive species like poplar plantations are poorly adapted for the water limited region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper first sorts out the existing research results between economic growth and income distribution; further, through macro data from the export-oriented mechanism of labor-intensive products, the capital owner’s interest-biased distribution mechanism, urban-rural dual structure and department Interrevenue distribution and other aspects explore the difference in income distribution between factors and its relationship with economic growth. Secondly, this paper analyzes the internal relationship between the income distribution structure and the construction of modern economic system from efficiency mechanism, fair mechanism and coordination mechanism. Finally, combined with the actual situation of China’s economic growth, give the policy recommendations of optimizing the income distribution structure are proposed to promote the construction of modern economic system.

The mutation status of the lysine demethylase 6 A (KDM6A), a gene antagonist to Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), is closely related to the therapeutic efficacy of EZH2 inhibitors in several malignancies. However, the mutational landscape of KDM6A and the therapeutic targetability of EZH2 inhibitors in esophageal squamous carcinoma (ESCC) remain unreported. Here, we found that approximately 9.18% (9/98) of our study ESCC tissues had KDM6A mutations of which 7 cases resulted in a complete loss of expression and consequent loss of demethylase function. We found that KDM6A-deficient ESCC cells exhibited increased sensitivity to EZH2 inhibitor, and the radiosensitizing activity of EZH2 inhibitor was evident in KDM6A-dficient ESCC cells. Further transcriptome analysis revealed that ferroptosis is implicated in the radiosensitizing effect exerted by EZH2 inhibition on KDM6A-deficient ESCC cells. The following Chromatin Immunoprecipitation (ChIP), co-immunoprecipitation, and luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that in KDM6A-deficient ESCC cells, (1) Acyl-CoA Synthetase Long Chain Family Member 4 (ACSL4) is the target gene for EZH2 to regulate ferroptosis; (2) The IR-induced hypoxia inducible factor 1 subunit alpha (HIF-1α) is a predominant mediator of EZH2 to repress ACSL4; (3) the HRE7-8 regions of the ACSL4 promoter are required for the repressive function of EZH2 on ACSL4; (4) EZH2 regulates ACSL4 by forming a co-repressive complex with HIF-1α. Our study provides preclinical evidence supporting that EZH2 inhibitors may confer therapeutic benefit in KDM6A-deficient ESCC patients., Competing Interests: Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests. Ethical approval and consent to participate: Approval for human tissue samples utilization was granted by the Biomedical Ethics Committee of Anhui Medical University (5101745), following the guidelines of Declaration of Helsinki. All patients authorized the use of their specimens by written informed consent. All animal experiments were carried out with the approval of the Experimental Animal Ethical Committee of Anhui Medical University (LLSC20210863) and performed according to institutional guidelines., (© 2025. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to ADMC Associazione Differenziamento e Morte Cellulare.)

Background: As ferroptosis is a key factor in renal fibrosis (RF), iron deposition monitoring may help evaluating RF. The capability of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for detecting iron deposition in RF remains uncertain., Purpose: To investigate the potential of QSM to detect iron deposition in RF., Study Type: Animal model., Animal Model: Eighty New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into control (N = 10) and RF (N = 70) groups, consisting of baseline, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days (N = 12 in each), and longitudinal (N = 10) subgroups. RF was induced via unilateral renal arteria stenosis., Field Strength/sequence: 3 T, QSM with gradient echo, arterial spin labeling with gradient spin echo., Assessment: Bilateral kidney QSM values (χ) in the cortex (χ CO ) and outer medulla (χ OM ) were evaluated with histopathology., Statistical Tests: Analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis, Spearman's correlation, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). P < 0.05 was significant., Results: In fibrotic kidneys, χ CO decreased at 7 days ([-6.69 ± 0.98] × 10 -2  ppm) and increased during 14-28 days ([-1.85 ± 2.11], [0.14 ± 0.58], and [1.99 ± 0.60] × 10 -2  ppm, respectively), while the χ OM had the opposite trend. Both significantly correlated with histopathology (|r| = 0.674-0.849). AUC of QSM for distinguishing RF degrees was 0.692-0.993. In contralateral kidneys, the χ CO initially decreased ([-6.67 ± 0.84] × 10 -2  ppm) then recovered to baseline ([-4.81 ± 0.89] × 10 -2  ppm), while the χ OM at 7-28 days ([2.58 ± 1.40], [2.25 ± 1.83], [2.49 ± 2.11], [2.43 ± 1.32] × 10 -2  ppm, respectively) were significantly higher than baseline ([0.54 ± 0.18] × 10 -2  ppm)., Data Conclusion: Different iron deposition patterns were observed in RF with QSM values, suggesting the potential of QSM for iron deposition monitoring in RF., Plain Language Summary: Renal fibrosis (RF) is a common outcome in most kidney diseases, leading to scarring and loss of kidney function. Increasing evidence suggests that abnormal iron metabolism plays an important role in RF. This study used a technique called quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) to measure kidney iron levels in rabbits with RF. Specifically, rabbits with advanced RF exhibited higher kidney iron concentrations, and moderate to strong correlations between QSM values and histopathology demonstrated that QSM could accurately detect changes in iron levels and assess RF severity. Overall, QSM shows promise as a tool for monitoring iron deposition in RF progression., Evidence Level: 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 3., (© 2025 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.)

Chronic pain and mental health disorders, such as depression and anxiety, frequently co-occur and share underlying mechanisms involving neuronal excitability and synaptic transmission. The inwardly rectifying potassium channel 4.1 (Kir4.1), predominantly expressed in glial cells, is crucial for maintaining extracellular potassium and glutamate homeostasis. Dysregulation of Kir4.1 leads to altered neuronal activity, contributing to both chronic pain and mental health disorders. In chronic pain, downregulation of Kir4.1 impairs potassium buffering and glutamate clearance, increasing neuronal excitability and enhancing pain signaling through peripheral and central sensitization. In mental health disorders, impaired Kir4.1 function disrupts neurotrophic factor secretion and neuroinflammatory pathways, leading to mood disturbances. This review primarily summarizes findings from preclinical studies to examine the relationship between Kir4.1 and the pathogenesis of chronic pain and mental health disorders, discussing its molecular structure, expression patterns, and functional roles. Furthermore, we explore therapeutic strategies targeting Kir4.1, including pharmacological modulators and gene therapy approaches, emphasizing its potential as a novel therapeutic target.

Water use efficiency (WUE) quantifies the amount of water expended per unit of dry leaf matter accumulated, reflecting the trade-offs between water consumption and carbon uptake. It is also a critical parameter for understanding plant responses to environmental changes. This study introduced an innovative set of WUE-related parameters, including maximum water use efficiency (WUE max ) and associated coefficients of water potential, loss, strategic usage, and total usage (WPC, WLC, WSC, and WTC, respectively) in providing a comprehensive evaluation of water use strategies in 48 common tropical plant species during the natural light fluctuations. These parameters exhibited significant differences among plant types, with sun-adapted and shade-tolerant plants (both C3) showing mean of WUE max values of 3.81 ± 0.63 and 5.42 ± 1.61 μmol mmol -1 , respectively, whereas C4 plants demonstrated a greater WUE max of 7.04 ± 1.77 μmol mmol -1 . Compared to C3 plants, particularly shade-tolerant types, C4 plants exhibited significantly higher WPC and WTC (p < 0.05). Furthermore, shade-tolerant plants displayed lower WLC and higher WSC than sun-adapted plants, suggestive of their specialized adaptations to variations in light intensity. The sensitivity of stomatal and mesophyll conductance (i.e., g s and g m ) to incident light (I inc ) and/or intercellular CO 2 concentration (C i ) helped clarify the source of variation in WUE-related parameters. In sun-adapted plants, g s was sensitive to changes in both I inc and C i . In terms of g m , shade-tolerant plants exhibited the lowest overall sensitivity to I inc . Increasing atmospheric CO 2 concentrations from 400 to 450 ppm caused WUE-related parameters to vary, with this response differing among plant types. These insights emphasize the significance of plant adaptation strategies in tropical rainforest ecosystems., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Recent climate warming has greatly shaped snow-cover patterns globally. Variances in snow cover are expected to affect soil microclimate and microorganisms, which may cause vegetation productivity to vary. However, exactly how snow cover influences the productivity of terrestrial vegetation remains unclear. In this study, we conducted a global meta-analysis of the response of vegetation productivity to variances in snow cover from near-complete depletion to increasing snow depth. Globally, complete snow-cover depletion was shown to reduce vegetation productivity by about 33.6 %, with cropland productivity decreasing the most. In contrast, increasing snow depth did not have an observable effect on vegetation productivity. The response of vegetation productivity to snow-depth variations was shown to be controlled by in-situ soil temperature and moisture and variations in soil-microbial-generated differences in soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content. Based on modelled future snow-cover change (from present to the start of the 22nd century), cropland productivity is projected to decline, especially under a high CO 2 -emission scenario, such as IPCC's emission scenario SSP5-8.5. Our findings advance our understanding of future implications of snow-cover depletion on vegetation productivity., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier B.V.)

The shortage of decades-long continuous measurements of ecosystem processes limits our understanding of how changing climate impacts forest ecosystems. We used continuous eddy-covariance and hydrometeorological data over 2002-2022 from a young Douglas-fir stand on Vancouver Island, Canada to assess the long-term trend and interannual variability in evapotranspiration (ET) and transpiration (T). Collectively, annual T displayed a decreasing trend over the 21 years with a rate of 1% yr -1 , which is attributed to the stomatal downregulation induced by rising atmospheric CO 2 concentration. Similarly, annual ET also showed a decreasing trend since evaporation stayed relatively constant. Variability in detrended annual ET was mostly controlled by the average soil water storage during the growing season (May-October). Though the duration and intensity of the drought did not increase, the drought-induced decreases in T and ET showed an increasing trend. This pattern may reflect the changes in forest structure, related to the decline in the deciduous understory cover during the stand development. These results suggest that the water-saving effect of stomatal regulation and water-related factors mostly determined the trend and variability in ET, respectively. This may also imply an increase in the limitation of water availability on ET in young forests, associated with the structural and compositional changes related to forest growth., (© 2024 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)

The complicated loading process and easy falling off of powder catalysts still restrict the wide application of Photo-Fenton technology in practical water treatment. In this study, a magnetic fixed film plate column water treatment equipment is designed as a visible Photo-Fenton reactor to remove levofloxacin (LEV). The effect of magnetic force can ensure that the catalyst is firmly fixed, and the multi-level shallow column plate structure achieves full contact and efficient reaction between the catalyst and wastewater. Simultaneously, the Cu 0 /CuFe 2 O 4 (STCCF) utilizes Cu 0 to construct an S-scheme electron transfer channel, which improves the separation efficiency of photo-generated carriers and provides sufficient photo-generated electrons for the reduction of Fe (Ⅲ) and Cu (Ⅱ). The pseudo-first-order reaction kinetic constant k for the degradation of LEV in the visible Photo-Fenton system is 0.0349 min -1 , which is 15.9 times that of the photocatalytic system and 4.8 times that of the Fenton system. After continuous operation for 72 h, the magnetic fixed film plate column reactor can still remove more than 90 % of LEV and 82 % of COD in the secondary effluent of simulated antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater treatment process, and the effluent is stable and meets the standard. The magnetic fixed film plate column reactor can be used for advanced treatment of antibiotic pharmaceutical wastewater. This study provides a new insight into the application of the Photo-Fenton process., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Acute lung injury (ALI) frequently occurs after video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS). Ferroptosis is implicated in several lung diseases. Therefore, the disparate effects and underlying mechanisms of the two commonly used anesthetics (sevoflurane (Sev) and propofol) on VATS-induced ALI need to be clarified. In the present study, enrolled patients were randomly allocated to receive Sev (group S) or propofol anesthesia (group P). Intraoperative oxygenation, morphology of the lung tissue, expression of ZO-1, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), Fe 2+ , glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) pathway in the lung tissue as well as the expression of TNF-α and IL-6 in plasma were measured. Postoperative complications were recorded. Of the 85 initially screened patients scheduled for VATS, 62 were enrolled in either group S (n = 32) or P (n = 30). Compared with propofol, Sev substantially (1) improved intraoperative oxygenation; (2) relieved histopathological lung injury; (3) increased ZO-1 protein expression; (4) decreased the levels of TNF-α and IL-6 in both the lung tissue and plasma; (5) increased the contents of GSH and SOD but decreased Fe 2+ concentration; (6) upregulated the protein expression of p-AKT, Nrf2, HO-1, and GPX4. No significant differences in the occurrence of postoperative outcomes were observed between both groups. In summary, Sev treatment, in comparison to propofol anesthesia, may suppress local lung and systemic inflammatory responses by activating the PI3K/Akt/Nrf2/HO-1 pathway and inhibiting ferroptosis. This cascade of effects contributes to the maintenance of pulmonary epithelial barrier permeability, alleviation of pulmonary injury, and enhancement of intraoperative oxygenation in patients undergoing VATS., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Background: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) heightens Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, with diabetes mellitus (DM) potentially exacerbating this vulnerability. This study identifies the optimal intervention period and neurobiological targets in MCI to AD progression using the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative dataset., Methods: Analysis of 980 MCI patients, categorized by DM status, used propensity score matching and inverse probability treatment weighting to assess rate of conversion from MCI to AD, neuroimaging, and cognitive changes., Results: DM significantly correlates with cognitive decline and an increased risk of progressing to AD, especially within the first year of MCI follow-up. It adversely affects specific brain structures, notably accelerating nucleus accumbens atrophy, decreasing gray matter volume and sulcal depth., Discussion: Findings suggest the first year after MCI diagnosis as the critical window for intervention. DM accelerates MCI-to-AD progression, targeting specific brain areas, underscoring the need for early therapeutic intervention., Highlights: Diabetes mellitus (DM) accelerates mild cognitive impairment (MCI)-to-Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression within the first year after MCI diagnosis. DM leads to sharper cognitive decline within 12 months of follow-up. There is notable nucleus accumbens atrophy observed in MCI patients with DM. DM causes significant reductions in gray matter volume and sulcal depth. There are stronger correlations between cognitive decline and brain changes due to DM., (© 2024 The Author(s). Alzheimer's & Dementia published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Alzheimer's Association.)

Glass ceramics (GCs) containing PbS quantum dots (QDs) are prepared for temperature sensing. Broadband emissions are detected in the GCs when PbS QDs are precipitated from the glasses, and emissions centers are modulated from 1250 nm to 1960 nm via heat treatments. The emission centers of GCs exhibit blue-shifts when environment temperatures increase from room temperature to 210 °C. Importantly, the shift values of emission centers increase linearly with the test temperature, which is beneficial for applications in temperature sensing. A temperature sensor based on PbS QDs GC is heat-treated at 500 °C for 10 h, possesses the highest sensitivity of 0.378 nm/°C, and exhibits excellent stability and repeatability at high temperatures (up to 210 °C). Moreover, GC fibers are fabricated by using the GCs as the fiber core. The sensitivity of the temperature-sensing sensor of the GC fibers is also demonstrated and the sensitivity is as high as 0.558 nm/°C. The designed PbS QDs GCs provide a significant materials base for the manufacturing of fluorescent temperature sensors and the GC fibers offer significant opportunities for temperature detection in complex, integrated and compact devices.

Semi-arid ecosystems have been shown to dominate over tropical forests in determining the trend and interannual variability of land carbon (C) sink. However, the magnitude and variability of ecosystem C balance remain largely uncertain for temperate semi-arid shrublands at the decadal scale. Using eddy-covariance and micro-meteorological measurements, we quantified the interannual variation in net ecosystem production (NEP) and its components, gross primary production (GPP) and ecosystem respiration (Reco, i.e., the sum of autotrophic and heterotrophic respiration), in a semi-arid shrubland of the Mu Us Desert, northern China during 2012-2022. This shrubland was an overall weak C sink over the 11 years (NEP = 12 ± 46 g C m -2  yr -1 , mean ± SD). Annual NEP ranged from -66 to 77 g C m -2  yr -1 , with the ecosystem frequently switching between being an annual C sink and a C source. GPP was twice as sensitive as Reco to prolonged dry seasons, leading to a close negative relationship between annual NEP and dry-season length (R 2  = 0.80, P < 0.01). Annual GPP (R 2  = 0.51, P = 0.01) and NEP (R 2  = 0.58, P < 0.01) were positively correlated with annual rainfall. Negative annual NEP (the ecosystem being a C source) tended to occur when the dry season exceeded 50 d yr -1 or rainfall dropped below 280 mm yr -1 . Increases in dry-season length strengthened the effects of low soil moisture relative to high vapor pressure deficit in constraining NEP. Both GPP and NEP were more closely correlated with C uptake amplitude (annual maximum daily values) than with C uptake period. These findings indicate that dry-season extension under climate change may reduce the long-term C sequestration in semi-arid shrublands. Plant species adapted to prolonged dry seasons should be used in ecosystem restoration in the studied area to enhance ecosystem functions., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background: Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection among female is the cause of cervical cancer and genital warts. In China, the HPV vaccination rate and the target population screening rate among females are low, and the aims of this study on the genotype distribution and prevalence of HPV infection were to provide more targeted strategies for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer and HPV-related diseases., Methods: Polymerase chain reaction-reverse dot blot (PCR-RDB) was adopted for HPV genotyping test, the prevalence and 23 genotypes distribution of HPV infections among 181,705 women in Chengdu from 2013 to 2020 were analysed., Results: The overall prevalence rate of HPV infection among 181,705 cases was 23.28%, the prevalence of HR-HPV at the age group < 20 years, 60-69 years and ≥ 70 years were higher than the overall prevalence.The prevalence of HPV showed a bimodal U-shaped curve with age; the first and second peak common occurred among females < 20 years old (42.97%) and 60-69 years old (37.56%), respectively.The top five genotypes of HPV infection among females in Chengdu were HPV52/16/58/81/53. Single infection (73.26%) was the main HPV infection pattern, followed by double infection (19.17%) and multiple infection (7.57%), the infection rate of HPV showed a gradual declined as the patterns of HPV coinfections increased, low-risk and high-risk coinfection was higher in low-risk HPV infection (43.68%) and lower in high-risk HPV infection (13.59%). The prevalence of genotypes - 6 and - 81 infection was the second highest at the age group of 20 and 40-59, respectively, while the prevalence of HPV16 was the highest at the age group of ≥ 70 among 23 genotypes among the 181,705 women., Conclusions: The prevalence of HPV infections among women in Chengdu is higher than domestic certain developed citys, among the five vaccines available, nonavalent vaccine is more suitable for Chengdu females. For young females prioritizing vaccination is essential in the current context.Double screening for HPV DNA is important in middle-aged women (30-49 years), and screening should not be lacking in older women (> 65 years). Additionally,for patients with genital warts, it is necessary to screen for high-risk HPV infection and provide appropriate management and treatment. Given the limitations of this study, future HPV research should aim to achieve full coverage of the target population, and our studies should also include cellular or pathological data of HPV-positive cases, vaccination rates, and various lifestyle details., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common and distressing complication of laparoscopic bariatric surgery (LBS). However, there is a lack of effective integrated prediction models for preventing and treating PONV in patients after LBS., Methods: Based on a randomized controlled trial conducted between November 1, 2021, and May 13, 2022, we included 334 participants who underwent LBS according to the inclusion criteria. The database was divided randomly into training and validation cohorts in a ratio of 7:3. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator plus multivariable logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors and construct a nomogram. The performance of the nomogram was assessed and validated by the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), the concordance index (C-index), calibration plots, and a decision curve analysis (DCA). We also explored specific risk factors for PONV in patients with diabetes., Results: The subjects were divided randomly into training (n = 234) and validation (n = 100) cohorts. Age, history of diabetes, type of surgery, and sugammadex use were incorporated to construct a nomogram prediction model. In the training cohort, the AUC and the optimism-corrected C-index were 0.850 [95% confidence interval (CI) 0.801-0.899] and 0.848, while in the validation cohort they were 0.847 (95% CI 0.768-0.925) and 0.844, respectively. The calibration plots showed good agreement between the predicted and actual observations. The DCA results demonstrated that the nomogram was clinically useful. The type of surgery, sugammadex use, and insulin level at 120 min were predictors of PONV in patients with diabetes with an AUC of 0.802 (95% CI 0.705-0.898)., Conclusions: We developed and validated a prediction model for PONV in patients after LBS. A risk factor analysis of PONV in patients with diabetes provides clinicians with a more precise prophylactic protocol., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of diffusion-weighted imaging with ultrahigh b values ( ub DWI) for the evaluation of renal fibrosis (RF) induced by renal artery stenosis (RAS) in a rabbit model., Methods: Thirty-two rabbits underwent left RAS operation, whereas 8 rabbits received sham surgery. All rabbits underwent ub DWI ( b = 0-4500 s/mm 2 ). The standard apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC st ), molecular diffusion coefficient ( D ), perfusion fraction ( f ), perfusion-related diffusion coefficient ( D *) and ultrahigh apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC uh ) were longitudinally assessed before operation and at weeks 2, 4, and 6 after operation. The degree of interstitial fibrosis and the expression of aquaporin (AQP) 1 and AQP2 were determined through pathological examination., Results: In the stenotic kidney, the ADC st , D , f , and ADC uh values of the renal parenchyma significantly decreased compared with those at baseline (all P < 0.05), whereas the D * values significantly increased after RAS induction ( P < 0.05). The ADC st , D , D *, and f were weakly to moderately correlated with interstitial fibrosis as well as with the expression of AQP1 and AQP2. Furthermore, the ADC uh negatively correlated with interstitial fibrosis ( ρ = -0.782, P < 0.001) and positively correlated with AQP1 and AQP2 expression ( ρ = 0.794, P < 0.001, and ρ = 0.789, P < 0.001, respectively)., Conclusions: Diffusion-weighted imaging with ultrahigh b values shows the potential for noninvasive assessment of the progression of RF in rabbits with unilateral RAS. The ADC uh derived from ub DWI could reflect the expression of AQPs in RF., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Herein we report a Pd-catalyzed asymmetric allenylic alkylation strategy for the direct functionalization of 1H-indoles by employing P-chiral BIBOP-type ligands. The regioselectivity (N1/C3) of this process can be switched efficiently. Using Cs 2 CO 3 at elevated temperatures in MeCN, N1-alkylated indoles bearing axial chirality with a stereocenter non-adjacent (β) to the nitrogen are produced in good yields with high enantioselectivity and complete N1-regioselectivity regardless of the electronic properties and substitution patterns of diverse indoles. Using K 2 CO 3 at room temperature in CH 2 Cl 2 , chiral C3-alkylated indoles can also be obtained. Notably, we introduce a new class of tri-substituted allenylic electrophiles that proceeded through different pathways from di-substituted allenylic electrophiles., (© 2023 Wiley-VCH GmbH.)

A fluorosilicate (FS) nano-crystallized glass ceramic (NGC) is one of the most commonly used gain materials for applications in optical devices due to its excellent thermal stability as well as high-efficiency luminescence. However, FS glass can hardly be used to prepare NGC fibers due to its high preparation temperature. Here, a series of low-temperature fluoro-borosilicate (FBS) glasses were designed for the fabrication of active NGC fibers. By modulating B 2 O 3 , the preparation temperature of FBS glass was reduced to 1050 °C, and the crystallization in FBS NGCs was more controllable than in FS NGC. The crystallization of the impure phase was inhibited, and single-phase rare earth (RE)-fluoride nanocrystals were controllably precipitated in the FBS NGCs. The 40Si-20B FBS NGC not only exhibited a higher optical transmittance, but the luminescence efficiency was also much higher than traditional FS NGCs. More importantly, NGC fibers were successfully fabricated by using the designed FBS glass as core glass. Nanocrystals were controllably precipitated and greatly enhanced, and upconversion luminescence was observed in NGC fibers. The designed FBS NGCs provided high-quality optical gain materials and offered opportunities for fabricating a wide range of NGC fibers for multiple future applications, including fiber lasers and sensors.