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3. Investigating the role of genomic alterations and altered DNA replication timing during malignant transformation in tumours

Author

Zhai, Haoran

Abstract

The process of malignant development involves the transformation from the normal cell-of-origin towards pre-invasive cells and eventually invasive cancer cells, which is facilitated by genomic alterations that are acquired during the accumulation of DNA replication errors. Faithful DNA replication is a key requirement for normal cell division which initiates from replication origins distributed throughout the genome, whereas unfaithful DNA replication results in replication errors and accelerates the malignant transformation. In this thesis, I endeavoured to decipher the phylogenies of malignant transformation between pre-invasive and invasive lung lesions, and further explored the role of perturbed DNA replication process from the cell-of-origin to cancer cell lines in remodelling the genomic landscape and contributing to malignant transformation. Pre-invasive lung diseases, including atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), minimally invasive carcinoma (MIA) and squamous CIS (carcinoma in situ), are considered to be precursors to lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC), respectively. However, the evolutionary relationship between pre-invasive and invasive lung disease remains largely elusive, due to the lack of matched samples within the same patient. Using the TRACERx study, I identified two types of phylogenetic relationships between the pre-invasive and invasive lesions, according to whether the two shared a somatic common ancestor (the SCA group) or not (the non-SCA group). Compared to the non-SCA lesions, SCA pre-invasive lesions harboured elevated mutational burden, increased apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like (APOBEC) mutational signature and exhibited chromosomal instability featured by increased loss of heterozygosity and somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs). Next, I explored how the genomic landscape was reshaped during the malignant transformation by investigating the perturbed DNA replication process. Even during the process of faithful DNA replication, not all replication origins initiate DNA replication at the same time, generating a conserved temporal order of DNA replication (i.e., the replication timing program) which is cell and tissue type specific. The extent to which replication timing alters during malignant transformation and the resultant impacts on the genomic landscape in cancer remain unclear. Thus, I investigated the landscape of altered replication timing (ART) in lung and breast cancer compared to their matched cell-of-origin and demonstrated the interplay between ART and genomic cancer evolution. A systematic shift in replication timing from the cell-of-origin to cancer cell lines was identified in 6%-17% of the genome, half of which were classified as earlier (late-to-early switch), and half later (early-to-late switch) replicated. An increase in mutation load was identified in later replicating regions in comparison to non-altered early replicating regions, whereas the opposite was true for earlier replicating regions showing decreased mutation load. I observed a more prevalent shift in the mutational landscape in breast compared to lung cancer, suggesting that most mutations in breast cancer were accumulated after the alteration in replication timing. Further mutational signature analysis revealed distinct mutational processes related to different DNA mismatch repair (MMR) pathways in lung cancer compared to breast cancer. DNA homologous recombination was prominent in earlier and early replicating regions in breast cancer, whilst in lung cancer, activated DNA MMR pathway were prominent in earlier and later replicating regions. A particular pattern of clustered APOBEC3 mutations (known as APOBEC3 omikli events) was found to be increasingly accumulated in early and earlier replicating regions compared to late/later ones. Finally, earlier (late-to-early switch) replicating genes exhibited an increase in expression in cancer relative to normal tissues, whereas later (early-to-late switch) replicating genes exhibited a decrease in expression. Cancer type-specific driver genes were enriched in earlier replicating regions compared with other non-altered late replicating regions. However, essential genes, which maintained high expression level, tended not to change their replication timing during malignant transformation. Together, the interplay between early/earlier replication timing and the APOBEC3 mutational process sheds lights on the positive selection of cancer-associated genes and thus the malignant transformation of lung and breast cancer. Accumulation of somatic mutations in late/later replicating regions due to their vulnerabilities to other mutagenic insults, contributes to the overall elevated mutation burden in cancer.

Published
2022

4. PROPERTIES AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF CEMENTITIOUS MATERIALS PREPARED WITH FLUORGYPSUM AND STEEL SLAG

Author

Qinghui Yang, Yuantao Wang, Liu Shufeng, Gao Xin, Huang Yuanyuan, Zhang Hengfu, Zou Delu, and Zhai Haoran

Subjects
fluorgypsum, steel slag, gypsum-based materials, properties, environmental impact, Clay industries. Ceramics. Glass, TP785-869
Abstract

The industrial by-products of fluorgypsum (FG) and steel slag (SS) were recycled for the preparation of gypsum-based cementitious materials (GBCMs). Na₂SO₄ and KAl(SO₄) ₂ were applied to activate the hydration of FG and SS, respectively. The properties of the GBCM were investigated. The residual H2SO4 and soluble F in the FG poses a great threat to the environment. Hence, the environmental impacts of the GBCM were also studied. The results demonstrate that, with an increase in the SS content of the GBCM, the water requirement for normal consistency increases, the setting times are obviously prolonged, while the mechanical strength and the linear expansion rate are lower. Due to the hydration of SS and the formation of ettringite at a late hydration age, both the compressive strength and flexural strength for FG: SS=9:1 and FG: SS=8:2 are close to that of FG: SS=10:0 at 90 d. The water resistance of the GBCM paste is also improved by adding SS into the FG. Hence, considering the mechanical strength and water resistance, the SS content of the GBCM should not exceed 20%. The H2SO4 in the GBCM can be neutralised by SS. Furthermore a novel quick and effective method, through the precipitation of AlF₃, for the immobilisation of soluble F was proposed. Therefore, FG and SS can be recycled for the production of GBCM without bringing about an adverse environmental impact.

Published
2023
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5. Evolutionary characterization of lung adenocarcinoma morphology in TRACERx

Author

Karasaki, Takahiro, Moore, David A., Veeriah, Selvaraju, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Toncheva, Antonia, Magno, Neil, Ward, Sophia, Bakir, Maise Al, Watkins, Thomas B. K., Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Huebner, Ariana, Hill, Mark S., Frankell, Alexander M., Abbosh, Christopher, Puttick, Clare, Zhai, Haoran, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, Saghafinia, Sadegh, Kanu, Nnennaya, Dietzen, Michelle, Pich, Oriol, Lim, Emilia L., Martínez-Ruiz, Carlos, Black, James R. M., Biswas, Dhruva, Campbell, Brittany B., Lee, Claudia, Colliver, Emma, Enfield, Katey S. S., Hessey, Sonya, Hiley, Crispin T., Zaccaria, Simone, Litchfield, Kevin, Birkbak, Nicolai J., Cadieux, Elizabeth Larose, Demeulemeester, Jonas, Van Loo, Peter, Adusumilli, Prasad S., Tan, Kay See, Cheema, Waseem, Sanchez-Vega, Francisco, Jones, David R., Rekhtman, Natasha, Travis, William D., Hackshaw, Allan, Marafioti, Teresa, Salgado, Roberto, Le Quesne, John, Nicholson, Andrew G., McGranahan, Nicholas, Swanton, Charles, and Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam

Published
2023
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6. Nonlinear numerical simulation of bond performance between recycled concrete and corroded steel bars

Author

Li Zhenfang, Gao Dong, Wu Chuanji, Lv Guoqing, Liu Xin, Zhai Haoran, and Huang Zhanfang

Subjects
nonlinear numerical simulation, corroded steel bar, recycled concrete, bond strength, slip, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

In this article, the bond performance between recycled concrete and corroded steel bars is analyzed by the nonlinear numerical simulation. The result shows that the maximum bond strength between recycled concrete and steel bar decreases with the increase in steel bar corrosion rate; when the recycled concrete strength is large, the simulated maximum bond strength is in good agreement with the experimental maximum bond strength; when the recycled concrete strength is small, the simulated maximum bond strength is in relatively poor agreement with the experimental maximum bond strength, but there is still an error within the allowable range; the slip between recycled concrete and steel bar increases with the increase in steel bar corrosion rate; when the steel bar corrosion rate exceeded 5%, the bond strength decreases more rapidly; the maximum bond strength increases with the increase in specimen sizes under the same steel bar corrosion rate; the maximum bond strength decreases with the increase in steel bar diameter under the same steel bar corrosion rate.

Published
2023
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9. Finite element analysis on the bond behavior of steel bar in salt–frost-damaged recycled coarse aggregate concrete

Author

Su Tian, Wang Ting, Yi Haihe, Zheng Rui, Liu Yizhe, Zhai Haoran, and Huang Zhanfang

Subjects
salt–frost damaged, recycled coarse aggregate concrete, steel bar diameter, concrete cover thickness, numerical simulation, Technology, Chemical technology, TP1-1185
Abstract

In this article, the ABAQUS finite element software is used to simulate the bond behavior of the steel bar in salt–frost-damaged recycled coarse aggregate concrete, and the influence of the steel bar diameter and the concrete cover thickness on the bond strength is investigated. The result shows that the calculated bond–slip curve is in good agreement with the experimental bond–slip curve; the mean value of the ratio of the calculation results of ultimate bond strength to the experiment results of ultimate bond strength is 1.035, the standard deviation is 0.0165, and the coefficient of variation is 0.0159, which proves that the calculation results of the ultimate bond strength are in good agreement with the experimental results; with the increase of steel bar diameter and the concrete cover thickness, the ultimate bonding strength of RAC and steel increases; the calculation formulas for the ultimate bond strength of specimens with different steel bar diameters (concrete cover thickness) after different salt–frost cycles are obtained.

Published
2021
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10. Mechanical performance of aerated concrete and its bonding performance with glass fiber grille

Author

Li Zhenfang, Gao Dong, Wu Chuanji, Lv Guoqing, Liu Xin, Zhai Haoran, and Huang Zhanfang

Subjects
aerated concrete, compressive strength, bonding strength, glass fiber grille, aluminum powder, ferrosilicon alloy powder, Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General), TA1-2040
Abstract

This paper studied the mechanical performance of aerated concrete and its bonding performance with glass fiber grille, and explores the influence of aluminum powder and aluminum powder on mechanical performance and bonding performance. The results showed that the compressive strength of aerated concrete decreased with the increase of aluminum powder content, while it first increased and then decreased with the increase of ferrosilicon alloy powder content. The failure modes of specimens were fiber fracture failure, and the fibers were not pulled out from the aerated concrete. It can provide a theoretical basis for the application of aerated concrete and glass fiber in engineering.

Published
2021
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13. Biomineralization Process of CaCO3 Precipitation Induced by Bacillus mucilaginous and Its Potential Application in Microbial Self-healing Concrete.

Author

Li, Zhenfang, Liu, Aizhu, Sun, Chunhui, Li, Haitao, Kong, Zheng, and Zhai, Haoran

Abstract

Microbial induced calcium carbonate precipitation (MICP) is widely common in nature, which belongs to biomineralization and has been explored carefully in recent decades. The paper studied the effect of temperature, initial pH value and Ca2+ concentration on bacterial growth and carbonic anhydrase activity, and then revealed the biomineralization process through the changes of Ca2+ concentration and calcification rate in alkali environment. Meanwhile, microbial healing agent containing spores and calcium nitrate was prepared and used for the early age concrete cracks repair. The self-healing efficiency was assessed by crack closure rate and water permeability repair rate. The experimental results showed that when the optimal temperature was 30 °C, the pH was 8.0–11.0, and the optimal Ca2+ concentration was 0–90 mM, the bacteria could grow better and the carbonic anhydrase activity was higher. Compared with reference, the crack closure rate with the crack width up to 0.339 mm could reach 95.62% and the water permeability repair rate was 87.54% after 28 d healing time of dry–wet cycles. XRD analysis showed that the precipitates at the crack mouth were calcite CaCO3. Meanwhile, the self-healing mechanism of mortar cracks was discussed in detail. In particular, there is no other pollution in the whole mineralization process, and the self-healing system is environmentally friendly, which provides a novel idea and method for the application of microbial self-healing concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Abstract 4277: Measuring proliferation rates of distinct tumour clones using single-cell DNA sequencing

Author

Lucas, Olivia, primary, Ward, Sophie, additional, Zaidi, Rija, additional, Hill, Mark, additional, Lim, Emilia, additional, Zhai, Haoran, additional, Bunkum, Abigail, additional, Hessey, Sonya, additional, Dietzen, Michelle, additional, Rowan, Andrew, additional, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, additional, Kanu, Nnenna, additional, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, additional, Swanton, Charles, additional, and Zaccaria, Simone, additional

Published
2023
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16. Data from Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution

Author

Venkatesan, Subramanian, primary, Angelova, Mihaela, primary, Puttick, Clare, primary, Zhai, Haoran, primary, Caswell, Deborah R., primary, Lu, Wei-Ting, primary, Dietzen, Michelle, primary, Galanos, Panagiotis, primary, Evangelou, Konstantinos, primary, Bellelli, Roberto, primary, Lim, Emilia L., primary, Watkins, Thomas B.K., primary, Rowan, Andrew, primary, Teixeira, Vitor H., primary, Zhao, Yue, primary, Chen, Haiquan, primary, Ngo, Bryan, primary, Zalmas, Lykourgos-Panagiotis, primary, Al Bakir, Maise, primary, Hobor, Sebastijan, primary, Grönroos, Eva, primary, Pennycuick, Adam, primary, Nigro, Ersilia, primary, Campbell, Brittany B., primary, Brown, William L., primary, Akarca, Ayse U., primary, Marafioti, Teresa, primary, Wu, Mary Y., primary, Howell, Michael, primary, Boulton, Simon J., primary, Bertoli, Cosetta, primary, Fenton, Tim R., primary, de Bruin, Robertus A.M., primary, Maya-Mendoza, Apolinar, primary, Santoni-Rugiu, Eric, primary, Hynds, Robert E., primary, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., primary, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, primary, McGranahan, Nicholas, primary, Harris, Reuben S., primary, Janes, Sam M., primary, Bartkova, Jirina, primary, Bakhoum, Samuel F., primary, Bartek, Jiri, primary, Kanu, Nnennaya, primary, and Swanton, Charles, primary

Published
2023
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17. Supplementary Figure 4 from Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution

Author

Venkatesan, Subramanian, primary, Angelova, Mihaela, primary, Puttick, Clare, primary, Zhai, Haoran, primary, Caswell, Deborah R., primary, Lu, Wei-Ting, primary, Dietzen, Michelle, primary, Galanos, Panagiotis, primary, Evangelou, Konstantinos, primary, Bellelli, Roberto, primary, Lim, Emilia L., primary, Watkins, Thomas B.K., primary, Rowan, Andrew, primary, Teixeira, Vitor H., primary, Zhao, Yue, primary, Chen, Haiquan, primary, Ngo, Bryan, primary, Zalmas, Lykourgos-Panagiotis, primary, Al Bakir, Maise, primary, Hobor, Sebastijan, primary, Grönroos, Eva, primary, Pennycuick, Adam, primary, Nigro, Ersilia, primary, Campbell, Brittany B., primary, Brown, William L., primary, Akarca, Ayse U., primary, Marafioti, Teresa, primary, Wu, Mary Y., primary, Howell, Michael, primary, Boulton, Simon J., primary, Bertoli, Cosetta, primary, Fenton, Tim R., primary, de Bruin, Robertus A.M., primary, Maya-Mendoza, Apolinar, primary, Santoni-Rugiu, Eric, primary, Hynds, Robert E., primary, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., primary, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, primary, McGranahan, Nicholas, primary, Harris, Reuben S., primary, Janes, Sam M., primary, Bartkova, Jirina, primary, Bakhoum, Samuel F., primary, Bartek, Jiri, primary, Kanu, Nnennaya, primary, and Swanton, Charles, primary

Published
2023
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18. TRACERx Consortium Members from Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution

Author

Venkatesan, Subramanian, primary, Angelova, Mihaela, primary, Puttick, Clare, primary, Zhai, Haoran, primary, Caswell, Deborah R., primary, Lu, Wei-Ting, primary, Dietzen, Michelle, primary, Galanos, Panagiotis, primary, Evangelou, Konstantinos, primary, Bellelli, Roberto, primary, Lim, Emilia L., primary, Watkins, Thomas B.K., primary, Rowan, Andrew, primary, Teixeira, Vitor H., primary, Zhao, Yue, primary, Chen, Haiquan, primary, Ngo, Bryan, primary, Zalmas, Lykourgos-Panagiotis, primary, Al Bakir, Maise, primary, Hobor, Sebastijan, primary, Grönroos, Eva, primary, Pennycuick, Adam, primary, Nigro, Ersilia, primary, Campbell, Brittany B., primary, Brown, William L., primary, Akarca, Ayse U., primary, Marafioti, Teresa, primary, Wu, Mary Y., primary, Howell, Michael, primary, Boulton, Simon J., primary, Bertoli, Cosetta, primary, Fenton, Tim R., primary, de Bruin, Robertus A.M., primary, Maya-Mendoza, Apolinar, primary, Santoni-Rugiu, Eric, primary, Hynds, Robert E., primary, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., primary, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, primary, McGranahan, Nicholas, primary, Harris, Reuben S., primary, Janes, Sam M., primary, Bartkova, Jirina, primary, Bakhoum, Samuel F., primary, Bartek, Jiri, primary, Kanu, Nnennaya, primary, and Swanton, Charles, primary

Published
2023
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19. Supplementary Figure 2 from Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution

Author

Venkatesan, Subramanian, primary, Angelova, Mihaela, primary, Puttick, Clare, primary, Zhai, Haoran, primary, Caswell, Deborah R., primary, Lu, Wei-Ting, primary, Dietzen, Michelle, primary, Galanos, Panagiotis, primary, Evangelou, Konstantinos, primary, Bellelli, Roberto, primary, Lim, Emilia L., primary, Watkins, Thomas B.K., primary, Rowan, Andrew, primary, Teixeira, Vitor H., primary, Zhao, Yue, primary, Chen, Haiquan, primary, Ngo, Bryan, primary, Zalmas, Lykourgos-Panagiotis, primary, Al Bakir, Maise, primary, Hobor, Sebastijan, primary, Grönroos, Eva, primary, Pennycuick, Adam, primary, Nigro, Ersilia, primary, Campbell, Brittany B., primary, Brown, William L., primary, Akarca, Ayse U., primary, Marafioti, Teresa, primary, Wu, Mary Y., primary, Howell, Michael, primary, Boulton, Simon J., primary, Bertoli, Cosetta, primary, Fenton, Tim R., primary, de Bruin, Robertus A.M., primary, Maya-Mendoza, Apolinar, primary, Santoni-Rugiu, Eric, primary, Hynds, Robert E., primary, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., primary, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, primary, McGranahan, Nicholas, primary, Harris, Reuben S., primary, Janes, Sam M., primary, Bartkova, Jirina, primary, Bakhoum, Samuel F., primary, Bartek, Jiri, primary, Kanu, Nnennaya, primary, and Swanton, Charles, primary

Published
2023
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20. Supplementary Tables S1-S4 from Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution

Author

Venkatesan, Subramanian, primary, Angelova, Mihaela, primary, Puttick, Clare, primary, Zhai, Haoran, primary, Caswell, Deborah R., primary, Lu, Wei-Ting, primary, Dietzen, Michelle, primary, Galanos, Panagiotis, primary, Evangelou, Konstantinos, primary, Bellelli, Roberto, primary, Lim, Emilia L., primary, Watkins, Thomas B.K., primary, Rowan, Andrew, primary, Teixeira, Vitor H., primary, Zhao, Yue, primary, Chen, Haiquan, primary, Ngo, Bryan, primary, Zalmas, Lykourgos-Panagiotis, primary, Al Bakir, Maise, primary, Hobor, Sebastijan, primary, Grönroos, Eva, primary, Pennycuick, Adam, primary, Nigro, Ersilia, primary, Campbell, Brittany B., primary, Brown, William L., primary, Akarca, Ayse U., primary, Marafioti, Teresa, primary, Wu, Mary Y., primary, Howell, Michael, primary, Boulton, Simon J., primary, Bertoli, Cosetta, primary, Fenton, Tim R., primary, de Bruin, Robertus A.M., primary, Maya-Mendoza, Apolinar, primary, Santoni-Rugiu, Eric, primary, Hynds, Robert E., primary, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., primary, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, primary, McGranahan, Nicholas, primary, Harris, Reuben S., primary, Janes, Sam M., primary, Bartkova, Jirina, primary, Bakhoum, Samuel F., primary, Bartek, Jiri, primary, Kanu, Nnennaya, primary, and Swanton, Charles, primary

Published
2023
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21. Supplementary Figure 3 from Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution

Author

Venkatesan, Subramanian, primary, Angelova, Mihaela, primary, Puttick, Clare, primary, Zhai, Haoran, primary, Caswell, Deborah R., primary, Lu, Wei-Ting, primary, Dietzen, Michelle, primary, Galanos, Panagiotis, primary, Evangelou, Konstantinos, primary, Bellelli, Roberto, primary, Lim, Emilia L., primary, Watkins, Thomas B.K., primary, Rowan, Andrew, primary, Teixeira, Vitor H., primary, Zhao, Yue, primary, Chen, Haiquan, primary, Ngo, Bryan, primary, Zalmas, Lykourgos-Panagiotis, primary, Al Bakir, Maise, primary, Hobor, Sebastijan, primary, Grönroos, Eva, primary, Pennycuick, Adam, primary, Nigro, Ersilia, primary, Campbell, Brittany B., primary, Brown, William L., primary, Akarca, Ayse U., primary, Marafioti, Teresa, primary, Wu, Mary Y., primary, Howell, Michael, primary, Boulton, Simon J., primary, Bertoli, Cosetta, primary, Fenton, Tim R., primary, de Bruin, Robertus A.M., primary, Maya-Mendoza, Apolinar, primary, Santoni-Rugiu, Eric, primary, Hynds, Robert E., primary, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., primary, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, primary, McGranahan, Nicholas, primary, Harris, Reuben S., primary, Janes, Sam M., primary, Bartkova, Jirina, primary, Bakhoum, Samuel F., primary, Bartek, Jiri, primary, Kanu, Nnennaya, primary, and Swanton, Charles, primary

Published
2023
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22. Supplementary Figure 1 from Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution

Author

Venkatesan, Subramanian, primary, Angelova, Mihaela, primary, Puttick, Clare, primary, Zhai, Haoran, primary, Caswell, Deborah R., primary, Lu, Wei-Ting, primary, Dietzen, Michelle, primary, Galanos, Panagiotis, primary, Evangelou, Konstantinos, primary, Bellelli, Roberto, primary, Lim, Emilia L., primary, Watkins, Thomas B.K., primary, Rowan, Andrew, primary, Teixeira, Vitor H., primary, Zhao, Yue, primary, Chen, Haiquan, primary, Ngo, Bryan, primary, Zalmas, Lykourgos-Panagiotis, primary, Al Bakir, Maise, primary, Hobor, Sebastijan, primary, Grönroos, Eva, primary, Pennycuick, Adam, primary, Nigro, Ersilia, primary, Campbell, Brittany B., primary, Brown, William L., primary, Akarca, Ayse U., primary, Marafioti, Teresa, primary, Wu, Mary Y., primary, Howell, Michael, primary, Boulton, Simon J., primary, Bertoli, Cosetta, primary, Fenton, Tim R., primary, de Bruin, Robertus A.M., primary, Maya-Mendoza, Apolinar, primary, Santoni-Rugiu, Eric, primary, Hynds, Robert E., primary, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., primary, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, primary, McGranahan, Nicholas, primary, Harris, Reuben S., primary, Janes, Sam M., primary, Bartkova, Jirina, primary, Bakhoum, Samuel F., primary, Bartek, Jiri, primary, Kanu, Nnennaya, primary, and Swanton, Charles, primary

Published
2023
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23. Mechanical Performance and Strengthening Mechanism of Polymer Concretes Reinforced with Carbon Nanofiber and Epoxy Resin.

Author

Li, Zhenfang, Liu, Aizhu, Gao, Dong, Wu, Chuanji, Liu, Xin, and Zhai, Haoran

Subjects
POLYMER-impregnated concrete, REINFORCED concrete, EPOXY resins, CARBON fibers, CONCRETE durability, COMPOSITE materials
Abstract

To address the issues of the brittleness, low tensile strength, insufficient bond strength, and reduced service life associated with ordinary cement concrete being used as a repair material, a water-based epoxy (WBE) and carbon-nanofiber-reinforced concrete composite repair material was designed, and the mechanical properties, bonding performance, and durability of the concrete modified using WBE and carbon fiber under various WBE contents were investigated and evaluated. In this paper, a self-emulsifying water-based epoxy curing agent with reactive, rigid, flexible, and water-soluble chains was obtained via chemical grafting, involving the incorporation of polyethylene glycol chain segments into epoxy resin molecules. The results demonstrated that a WBE has a contributing effect on improving the weak interfacial bond between the carbon fiber and concrete; moreover, the composite admixture of carbon fiber and WBE improves the mechanical properties and durability of concrete, in which the composite admixture of 1% carbon fiber and 10% WBE has the best performance. The flexural strength and chlorine ion permeability resistance of concrete were slightly reduced after more than 10% admixture, but bond strength, tensile strength, compressive strength, dry shrinkage resistance, and frost resistance were promoted. The addition of WBE significantly retards the cement hydration process while greatly improving the compactness and impermeability of the concrete. Furthermore, the combined effects of WBE and carbon fiber effectively prevented the generation and expansion of cracks. The interaction mechanism and microstructure evolution between the WBE, carbon fiber, and cement hydration were described by clarifying the mineral composition, organic–inorganic interactions, the evolution of the hydration products, and composite morphology at different scales. Carbon fiber and WBE exhibited synergistic effects on the tensile strength, ductility, and crack resistance of concrete. In the formed three-dimensional network structural system of concrete, the WBE formed an organic coating layer on the fiber surface and provided fiber protection as well as interfacial bonding reinforcement for the embedded cement particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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24. Body composition and lung cancer-associated cachexia in TRACERx

Author

Al-Sawaf, Othman, Weiss, Jakob, Skrzypski, Marcin, Lam, Jie Min, Karasaki, Takahiro, Zambrana, Francisco, Kidd, Andrew C, Frankell, Alexander M, Watkins, Thomas BK, Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos, Puttick, Clare, Black, James RM, Huebner, Ariana, Al Bakir, Maise, Sokac, Mateo, Collins, Susie, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Magno, Neil, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Ward, Sophia, Jayanth, Nick, Salgado, Roberto, Bridge, Christopher P, Christiani, David C, Mak, Raymond H, Bay, Camden, Rosenthal, Michael, Sattar, Naveed, Welsh, Paul, Liu, Ying, Perrimon, Norbert, Popuri, Karteek, Beg, Mirza Faisal, McGranahan, Nicholas, Hackshaw, Allan, Breen, Danna M, O'Rahilly, Stephen, Birkbak, Nicolai J, Aerts, Hugo JWL, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, Swanton, Charles, Lester, Jason F, Bajaj, Amrita, Nakas, Apostolos, Sodha-Ramdeen, Azmina, Ang, Keng, Tufail, Mohamad, Chowdhry, Mohammed Fiyaz, Scotland, Molly, Boyles, Rebecca, Rathinam, Sridhar, Wilson, Claire, Marrone, Domenic, Dulloo, Sean, Fennell, Dean A, Matharu, Gurdeep, Shaw, Jacqui A, Riley, Joan, Primrose, Lindsay, Boleti, Ekaterini, Cheyne, Heather, Khalil, Mohammed, Richardson, Shirley, Cruickshank, Tracey, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M, Benafif, Sarah, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Naidu, Babu, Patel, Akshay J, Osman, Aya, Lacson, Christer, Langman, Gerald, Shackleford, Helen, Djearaman, Madava, Kadiri, Salma, Middleton, Gary, Leek, Angela, Hodgkinson, Jack Davies, Totten, Nicola, Montero, Angeles, Smith, Elaine, Fontaine, Eustace, Granato, Felice, Doran, Helen, Novasio, Juliette, Rammohan, Kendadai, Joseph, Leena, Bishop, Paul, Shah, Rajesh, Moss, Stuart, Joshi, Vijay, Crosbie, Philip, Gomes, Fabio, Brown, Kate, Carter, Mathew, Chaturvedi, Anshuman, Priest, Lynsey, Oliveira, Pedro, Lindsay, Colin R, Blackhall, Fiona H, Krebs, Matthew G, Summers, Yvonne, Clipson, Alexandra, Tugwood, Jonathan, Kerr, Alastair, Rothwell, Dominic G, Kilgour, Elaine, Dive, Caroline, Schwarz, Roland F, Kaufmann, Tom L, Wilson, Gareth A, Rosenthal, Rachel, Van Loo, Peter, Szallasi, Zoltan, Kisistok, Judit, Diossy, Miklos, Demeulemeester, Jonas, Bunkum, Abigail, Stewart, Aengus, Magness, Alastair, Rowan, Andrew, Karamani, Angeliki, Chain, Benny, Campbell, Brittany B, Castignani, Carla, Bailey, Chris, Abbosh, Christopher, Weeden, Clare E, Lee, Claudia, Richard, Corentin, Hiley, Crispin T, Moore, David A, Pearce, David R, Karagianni, Despoina, Biswas, Dhruva, Levi, Dina, Hoxha, Elena, Cadieux, Elizabeth Larose, Lim, Emilia L, Colliver, Emma, Nye, Emma, Gronroos, Eva, Galvez-Cancino, Felip, Athanasopoulou, Foteini, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, Kassiotis, George, Stavrou, Georgia, Mastrokalos, Gerasimos, Zhai, Haoran, Lowe, Helen L, Matos, Ignacio Garcia, Goldman, Jacki, Reading, James L, Herrero, Javier, Rane, Jayant K, Nicod, Jerome, Hartley, John A, Peggs, Karl S, Enfield, Katey SS, Selvaraju, Kayalvizhi, Thol, Kerstin, Litchfield, Kevin, Ng, Kevin W, Chen, Kezhong, Dijkstra, Krijn, Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Thakkar, Krupa, Ensell, Leah, Shah, Mansi, Duran, Marcos Vasquez, Litovchenko, Maria, Sunderland, Mariana Werner, Hill, Mark S, Dietzen, Michelle, Leung, Michelle, Escudero, Mickael, Angelova, Mihaela, Tanic, Miljana, Sivakumar, Monica, Kanu, Nnennaya, Chervova, Olga, Lucas, Olivia, Pich, Oriol, Hobson, Philip, Pawlik, Piotr, Stone, Richard Kevin, Bentham, Robert, Hynds, Robert E, Vendramin, Roberto, Saghafinia, Sadegh, Lopez, Saioa, Gamble, Samuel, Ung, Seng Kuong Anakin, Quezada, Sergio A, Vanloo, Sharon, Zaccaria, Simone, Hessey, Sonya, Boeing, Stefan, Beck, Stephan, Bola, Supreet Kaur, Denner, Tamara, Marafioti, Teresa, Mourikis, Thanos P, Spanswick, Victoria, Barbe, Vittorio, Lu, Wei-Ting, Hill, William, Liu, Wing Kin, Wu, Yin, Naito, Yutaka, Ramsden, Zoe, Veiga, Catarina, Royle, Gary, Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine, Fraioli, Francesco, Ashford, Paul, Clark, Tristan, Forster, Martin D, Lee, Siow Ming, Borg, Elaine, Falzon, Mary, Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Wilson, James, Ahmad, Tanya, Procter, Alexander James, Ahmed, Asia, Taylor, Magali N, Nair, Arjun, Lawrence, David, Patrini, Davide, Navani, Neal, Thakrar, Ricky M, Janes, Sam M, Hoogenboom, Emilie Martinoni, Monk, Fleur, Holding, James W, Choudhary, Junaid, Bhakhri, Kunal, Scarci, Marco, Hayward, Martin, Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos, Gorman, Pat, Khiroya, Reena, Stephens, Robert CM, Wong, Yien Ning Sophia, Bandula, Steve, Sharp, Abigail, Smith, Sean, Gower, Nicole, Dhanda, Harjot Kaur, Chan, Kitty, Pilotti, Camilla, Leslie, Rachel, Grapa, Anca, Zhang, Hanyun, AbdulJabbar, Khalid, Pan, Xiaoxi, Yuan, Yinyin, Chuter, David, MacKenzie, Mairead, Chee, Serena, Alzetani, Aiman, Cave, Judith, Scarlett, Lydia, Richards, Jennifer, Ingram, Papawadee, Austin, Silvia, Lim, Eric, De Sousa, Paulo, Jordan, Simon, Rice, Alexandra, Raubenheimer, Hilgardt, Bhayani, Harshil, Ambrose, Lyn, Devaraj, Anand, Chavan, Hema, Begum, Sofina, Buderi, Silviu, Kaniu, Daniel, Malima, Mpho, Booth, Sarah, Nicholson, Andrew G, Fernandes, Nadia, Shah, Pratibha, Proli, Chiara, Hewish, Madeleine, Danson, Sarah, Shackcloth, Michael J, Robinson, Lily, Russell, Peter, Blyth, Kevin G, Dick, Craig, Le Quesne, John, Kirk, Alan, Asif, Mo, Bilancia, Rocco, Kostoulas, Nikos, and Thomas, Mathew

Subjects
Male, Proteomics, Cachexia, Lung Neoplasms, Antigens, Neoplasm, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Body Weight, Body Composition, Humans, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Muscle, Skeletal, Neoplasm Proteins
Abstract

Cancer-associated cachexia (CAC) is a major contributor to morbidity and mortality in individuals with non-small cell lung cancer. Key features of CAC include alterations in body composition and body weight. Here, we explore the association between body composition and body weight with survival and delineate potential biological processes and mediators that contribute to the development of CAC. Computed tomography-based body composition analysis of 651 individuals in the TRACERx (TRAcking non-small cell lung Cancer Evolution through therapy (Rx)) study suggested that individuals in the bottom 20th percentile of the distribution of skeletal muscle or adipose tissue area at the time of lung cancer diagnosis, had significantly shorter lung cancer-specific survival and overall survival. This finding was validated in 420 individuals in the independent Boston Lung Cancer Study. Individuals classified as having developed CAC according to one or more features at relapse encompassing loss of adipose or muscle tissue, or body mass index-adjusted weight loss were found to have distinct tumor genomic and transcriptomic profiles compared with individuals who did not develop such features. Primary non-small cell lung cancers from individuals who developed CAC were characterized by enrichment of inflammatory signaling and epithelial-mesenchymal transitional pathways, and differentially expressed genes upregulated in these tumors included cancer-testis antigen MAGEA6 and matrix metalloproteinases, such as ADAMTS3. In an exploratory proteomic analysis of circulating putative mediators of cachexia performed in a subset of 110 individuals from TRACERx, a significant association between circulating GDF15 and loss of body weight, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was identified at relapse, supporting the potential therapeutic relevance of targeting GDF15 in the management of CAC. ispartof: NATURE MEDICINE vol:29 issue:4 ispartof: location:United States status: Published online

Published
2023

25. The evolution of non-small cell lung cancer metastases in TRACERx

Author

Al Bakir, Maise, Huebner, Ariana, Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos, Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Watkins, Thomas BK, Pich, Oriol, Moore, David A, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Ward, Sophia, Laycock, Joanne, Johnson, Diana, Rowan, Andrew, Razaq, Maryam, Akther, Mita, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Hessey, Sonya, Dietzen, Michelle, Colliver, Emma, Frankell, Alexander, Bunkum, Abigail, Lim, Emilia L, Karasaki, Takahiro, Abbosh, Christopher, Hiley, Crispin T, Hill, Mark S, Cook, Daniel E, Wilson, Gareth A, Salgado, Roberto, Nye, Emma, Stone, Richard Kevin, Fennell, Dean A, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M, Naidu, Babu, Middleton, Gary, Summers, Yvonne, Lindsay, Colin R, Blackhall, Fiona H, Cave, Judith, Blyth, Kevin G, Nair, Arjun, Ahmed, Asia, Taylor, Magali N, Procter, Alexander James, Falzon, Mary, Lawrence, David, Navani, Neal, Thakrar, Ricky M, Janes, Sam M, Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Forster, Martin D, Lee, Siow Ming, Ahmad, Tanya, Quezada, Sergio, Peggs, Karl S, Van Loo, Peter, Dive, Caroline, Hackshaw, Allan, Birkbak, Nicolai J, Zaccaria, Simone, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, McGranahan, Nicholas, Swanton, Charles, Lester, Jason F, Bajaj, Amrita, Nakas, Apostolos, Sodha-Ramdeen, Azmina, Ang, Keng, Tufail, Mohamad, Chowdhry, Mohammed Fiyaz, Scotland, Molly, Boyles, Rebecca, Rathinam, Sridhar, Wilson, Claire, Marrone, Domenic, Dulloo, Sean, Matharu, Gurdeep, Shaw, Jacqui A, Riley, Joan, Primrose, Lindsay, Boleti, Ekaterini, Cheyne, Heather, Khalil, Mohammed, Richardson, Shirley, Cruickshank, Tracey, Benafif, Sarah, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Patel, Akshay J, Osman, Aya, Lacson, Christer, Langman, Gerald, Shackleford, Helen, Djearaman, Madava, Kadiri, Salma, Leek, Angela, Hodgkinson, Jack Davies, Totten, Nicola, Montero, Angeles, Smith, Elaine, Fontaine, Eustace, Granato, Felice, Doran, Helen, Novasio, Juliette, Rammohan, Kendadai, Joseph, Leena, Bishop, Paul, Shah, Rajesh, Moss, Stuart, Joshi, Vijay, Crosbie, Philip, Gomes, Fabio, Brown, Kate, Carter, Mathew, Chaturvedi, Anshuman, Priest, Lynsey, Oliveira, Pedro, Krebs, Matthew G, Clipson, Alexandra, Tugwood, Jonathan, Kerr, Alastair, Rothwell, Dominic G, Kilgour, Elaine, Aerts, Hugo JWL, Schwarz, Roland F, Kaufmann, Tom L, Rosenthal, Rachel, Szallasi, Zoltan, Kisistok, Judit, Sokac, Mateo, Diossy, Miklos, Demeulemeester, Jonas, Stewart, Aengus, Magness, Alastair, Karamani, Angeliki, Chain, Benny, Campbell, Brittany B, Castignani, Carla, Bailey, Chris, Puttick, Clare, Weeden, Clare E, Lee, Claudia, Richard, Corentin, Pearce, David R, Karagianni, Despoina, Biswas, Dhruva, Levi, Dina, Hoxha, Elena, Larose Cadieux, Elizabeth, Gronroos, Eva, Galvez-Cancino, Felip, Athanasopoulou, Foteini, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, Kassiotis, George, Stavrou, Georgia, Mastrokalos, Gerasimos, Zhai, Haoran, Lowe, Helen L, Matos, Ignacio, Goldman, Jacki, Reading, James L, Black, James RM, Herrero, Javier, Rane, Jayant K, Nicod, Jerome, Lam, Jie Min, Hartley, John A, Enfield, Katey SS, Selvaraju, Kayalvizhi, Thol, Kerstin, Litchfield, Kevin, Ng, Kevin W, Chen, Kezhong, Dijkstra, Krijn, Thakkar, Krupa, Ensell, Leah, Shah, Mansi, Vasquez, Marcos, Litovchenko, Maria, Werner Sunderland, Mariana, Leung, Michelle, Escudero, Mickael, Angelova, Mihaela, Tanic, Miljana, Sivakumar, Monica, Kanu, Nnennaya, Chervova, Olga, Lucas, Olivia, Al-Sawaf, Othman, Hobson, Philip, Pawlik, Piotr, Bentham, Robert, Hynds, Robert E, Vendramin, Roberto, Saghafinia, Sadegh, Lopez, Saioa, Gamble, Samuel, Ung, Seng Kuong Anakin, Vanloo, Sharon, Boeing, Stefan, Beck, Stephan, Bola, Supreet Kaur, Denner, Tamara, Marafioti, Teresa, Mourikis, Thanos P, Spanswick, Victoria, Barbe, Vittorio, Lu, Wei-Ting, Hill, William, Liu, Wing Kin, Wu, Yin, Naito, Yutaka, Ramsden, Zoe, Veiga, Catarina, Royle, Gary, Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine, Fraioli, Francesco, Ashford, Paul, Clark, Tristan, Borg, Elaine, Wilson, James, Patrini, Davide, Martinoni Hoogenboom, Emilie, Monk, Fleur, Holding, James W, Choudhary, Junaid, Bhakhri, Kunal, Scarci, Marco, Hayward, Martin, Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos, Gorman, Pat, Khiroya, Reena, Stephens, Robert CM, Wong, Yien Ning Sophia, Bandula, Steve, Sharp, Abigail, Smith, Sean, Gower, Nicole, Dhanda, Harjot Kaur, Chan, Kitty, Pilotti, Camilla, Leslie, Rachel, Grapa, Anca, Zhang, Hanyun, AbdulJabbar, Khalid, Pan, Xiaoxi, Yuan, Yinyin, Chuter, David, MacKenzie, Mairead, Chee, Serena, Alzetani, Aiman, Scarlett, Lydia, Richards, Jennifer, Ingram, Papawadee, Austin, Silvia, Lim, Eric, De Sousa, Paulo, Jordan, Simon, Rice, Alexandra, Raubenheimer, Hilgardt, Bhayani, Harshil, Ambrose, Lyn, Devaraj, Anand, Chavan, Hema, Begum, Sofina, Buderi, Silviu, Kaniu, Daniel, Malima, Mpho, Booth, Sarah, Nicholson, Andrew G, Fernandes, Nadia, Shah, Pratibha, Proli, Chiara, Hewish, Madeleine, Danson, Sarah, Shackcloth, Michael J, Robinson, Lily, Russell, Peter, Dick, Craig, Le Quesne, John, Kirk, Alan, Asif, Mo, Bilancia, Rocco, Kostoulas, Nikos, and Thomas, Mathew

Subjects
Clonal Evolution, Cohort Studies, Evolution, Molecular, Lung Neoplasms, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Disease Progression, Humans, Neoplasm Metastasis, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Clone Cells
Abstract

Metastatic disease is responsible for the majority of cancer-related deaths1. We report the longitudinal evolutionary analysis of 126 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours from 421 prospectively recruited patients in TRACERx who developed metastatic disease, compared with a control cohort of 144 non-metastatic tumours. In 25% of cases, metastases diverged early, before the last clonal sweep in the primary tumour, and early divergence was enriched for patients who were smokers at the time of initial diagnosis. Simulations suggested that early metastatic divergence more frequently occurred at smaller tumour diameters (less than 8 mm). Single-region primary tumour sampling resulted in 83% of late divergence cases being misclassified as early, highlighting the importance of extensive primary tumour sampling. Polyclonal dissemination, which was associated with extrathoracic disease recurrence, was found in 32% of cases. Primary lymph node disease contributed to metastatic relapse in less than 20% of cases, representing a hallmark of metastatic potential rather than a route to subsequent recurrences/disease progression. Metastasis-seeding subclones exhibited subclonal expansions within primary tumours, probably reflecting positive selection. Our findings highlight the importance of selection in metastatic clone evolution within untreated primary tumours, the distinction between monoclonal versus polyclonal seeding in dictating site of recurrence, the limitations of current radiological screening approaches for early diverging tumours and the need to develop strategies to target metastasis-seeding subclones before relapse. ispartof: NATURE vol:616 issue:7957 ispartof: location:England status: Published online

Published
2023

26. The evolution of lung cancer and impact of subclonal selection in TRACERx

Author

Frankell, Alexander M, Dietzen, Michelle, Al Bakir, Maise, Lim, Emilia L, Karasaki, Takahiro, Ward, Sophia, Veeriah, Selvaraju, Colliver, Emma, Huebner, Ariana, Bunkum, Abigail, Hill, Mark S, Grigoriadis, Kristiana, Moore, David A, Black, James RM, Liu, Wing Kin, Thol, Kerstin, Pich, Oriol, Watkins, Thomas BK, Naceur-Lombardelli, Cristina, Cook, Daniel E, Salgado, Roberto, Wilson, Gareth A, Bailey, Chris, Angelova, Mihaela, Bentham, Robert, Martinez-Ruiz, Carlos, Abbosh, Christopher, Nicholson, Andrew G, Le Quesne, John, Biswas, Dhruva, Rosenthal, Rachel, Puttick, Clare, Hessey, Sonya, Lee, Claudia, Prymas, Paulina, Toncheva, Antonia, Smith, Jon, Xing, Wei, Nicod, Jerome, Price, Gillian, Kerr, Keith M, Naidu, Babu, Middleton, Gary, Blyth, Kevin G, Fennell, Dean A, Forster, Martin D, Lee, Siow Ming, Falzon, Mary, Hewish, Madeleine, Shackcloth, Michael J, Lim, Eric, Benafif, Sarah, Russell, Peter, Boleti, Ekaterini, Krebs, Matthew G, Lester, Jason F, Papadatos-Pastos, Dionysis, Ahmad, Tanya, Thakrar, Ricky M, Lawrence, David, Navani, Neal, Janes, Sam M, Dive, Caroline, Blackhall, Fiona H, Summers, Yvonne, Cave, Judith, Marafioti, Teresa, Herrero, Javier, Quezada, Sergio A, Peggs, Karl S, Schwarz, Roland F, Van Loo, Peter, Miedema, Daniel M, Birkbak, Nicolai J, Hiley, Crispin T, Hackshaw, Allan, Zaccaria, Simone, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, McGranahan, Nicholas, Swanton, Charles, Bajaj, Amrita, Nakas, Apostolos, Sodha-Ramdeen, Azmina, Ang, Keng, Tufail, Mohamad, Chowdhry, Mohammed Fiyaz, Scotland, Molly, Boyles, Rebecca, Rathinam, Sridhar, Wilson, Claire, Marrone, Domenic, Dulloo, Sean, Matharu, Gurdeep, Shaw, Jacqui A, Riley, Joa, Primrose, Lindsay, Cheyne, Heather, Khalil, Mohammed, Richardson, Shirley, Cruickshank, Tracey, Gilbert, Kayleigh, Patel, Akshay J, Osman, Aya, Lacson, Christer, Langman, Gerald, Shackleford, Helen, Djearaman, Madava, Kadiri, Salma, Leek, Angela, Hodgkinson, Jack Davies, Totten, Nicola, Montero, Angeles, Smith, Elaine, Fontaine, Eustace, Granato, Felice, Doran, Helen, Novasio, Juliette, Rammohan, Kendadai, Joseph, Leena, Bishop, Paul, Shah, Rajesh, Moss, Stuart, Joshi, Vijay, Crosbie, Philip, Gomes, Fabio, Brown, Kate, Carter, Mathew, Chaturvedi, Anshuman, Priest, Lynsey, Oliveira, Pedro, Lindsay, Colin R, Clipson, Alexandra, Tugwood, Jonathan, Kerr, Alastair, Rothwell, Dominic G, Kilgour, Elaine, Aerts, Hugo JWL, Kaufmann, Tom L, Szallasi, Zoltan, Kisistok, Judit, Sokac, Mateo, Diossy, Miklos, Demeulemeester, Jonas, Stewart, Aengus, Magness, Alastair, Rowan, Andrew, Karamani, Angeliki, Chain, Benny, Campbell, Brittany B, Castignani, Carla, Weeden, Clare E, Richard, Corentin, Pearce, David R, Karagianni, Despoina, Levi, Dina, Hoxha, Elena, Larose Cadieux, Elizabeth, Nye, Emma, Gronroos, Eva, Galvez-Cancino, Felip, Athanasopoulou, Foteini, Gimeno-Valiente, Francisco, Kassiotis, George, Stavrou, Georgia, Mastrokalos, Gerasimos, Zhai, Haoran L, Lowe, Helen L, Matos, Ignacio, Goldman, Jacki, Reading, James L, Rane, Jayant K, Lam, Jie Min, Hartley, John A, Enfield, Katey SS, Selvaraju, Kayalvizhi, Litchfield, Kevin, Ng, Kevin W, Chen, Kezhong, Dijkstra, Krijn, Thakkar, Krupa, Ensell, Leah, Shah, Mansi, Vasquez, Marcos, Litovchenko, Maria, Werner Sunderland, Mariana, Leung, Michelle, Escudero, Mickael, Tanic, Miljana, Sivakumar, Monica, Kanu, Nnennaya, Chervova, Olga, Lucas, Olivia, Al-Sawaf, Othman, Hobson, Philip, Pawlik, Piotr, Stone, Richard Kevin, Hynds, Robert E, Vendramin, Roberto, Saghafinia, Sadegh, Lopez, Saioa, Gamble, Samuel, Ung, Seng Kuong Anakin, Vanloo, Sharon, Boeing, Stefan, Beck, Stephan, Bola, Supreet Kaur, Denner, Tamara, Mourikis, Thanos P, Spanswick, Victoria, Barbe, Vittorio, Lu, Wei-Ting, Hill, William, Wu, Yin, Naito, Yutaka, Ramsden, Zoe, Veiga, Catarina, Royle, Gary, Collins-Fekete, Charles-Antoine, Fraioli, Francesco, Ashford, Paul, Clark, Tristan, Borg, Elaine, Wilson, James, Procter, Alexander James, Ahmed, Asia, Taylor, Magali N, Nair, Arjun, Patrini, Davide, Martinoni Hoogenboom, Emilie, Monk, Fleur, Holding, James W, Choudhary, Junaid, Bhakhri, Kunal, Scarci, Marco, Hayward, Martin, Panagiotopoulos, Nikolaos, Gorman, Pat, Khiroya, Reena, Stephens, Robert CM, Wong, Yien Ning Sophia, Bandula, Steve, Sharp, Abigail, Smith, Sean, Gower, Nicole, Dhanda, Harjot Kaur, Chan, Kitty, Pilotti, Camilla, Leslie, Rachel, Grapa, Anca, Zhang, Hanyun, AbdulJabbar, Khalid, Pan, Xiaoxi, Yuan, Yinyin, Chuter, David, MacKenzie, Mairead, Chee, Serena, Alzetani, Aiman, Scarlett, Lydia, Richards, Jennifer, Ingram, Papawadee, Austin, Silvia, De Sousa, Paulo, Jordan, Simon, Rice, Alexandra, Raubenheimer, Hilgardt, Bhayani, Harshil, Ambrose, Lyn, Devaraj, Anand, Chavan, Hema, Begum, Sofina, Buderi, Silviu, Kaniu, Daniel, Malima, Mpho, Booth, Sarah, Fernandes, Nadia, Shah, Pratibha, Proli, Chiara, Danson, Sarah, Robinson, Lily, Dick, Craig, Kirk, Alan, Asif, Mo, Bilancia, Rocco, Kostoulas, Nikos, and Thomas, Mathew

Subjects
Lung Neoplasms, Treatment Outcome, DNA Copy Number Variations, Mutagenesis, Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung, Mutation, Smoking, Humans, Adenocarcinoma of Lung, Neoplasm Recurrence, Local, Phylogeny
Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-associated mortality worldwide1. Here we analysed 1,644 tumour regions sampled at surgery or during follow-up from the first 421 patients with non-small cell lung cancer prospectively enrolled into the TRACERx study. This project aims to decipher lung cancer evolution and address the primary study endpoint: determining the relationship between intratumour heterogeneity and clinical outcome. In lung adenocarcinoma, mutations in 22 out of 40 common cancer genes were under significant subclonal selection, including classical tumour initiators such as TP53 and KRAS. We defined evolutionary dependencies between drivers, mutational processes and whole genome doubling (WGD) events. Despite patients having a history of smoking, 8% of lung adenocarcinomas lacked evidence of tobacco-induced mutagenesis. These tumours also had similar detection rates for EGFR mutations and for RET, ROS1, ALK and MET oncogenic isoforms compared with tumours in never-smokers, which suggests that they have a similar aetiology and pathogenesis. Large subclonal expansions were associated with positive subclonal selection. Patients with tumours harbouring recent subclonal expansions, on the terminus of a phylogenetic branch, had significantly shorter disease-free survival. Subclonal WGD was detected in 19% of tumours, and 10% of tumours harboured multiple subclonal WGDs in parallel. Subclonal, but not truncal, WGD was associated with shorter disease-free survival. Copy number heterogeneity was associated with extrathoracic relapse within 1 year after surgery. These data demonstrate the importance of clonal expansion, WGD and copy number instability in determining the timing and patterns of relapse in non-small cell lung cancer and provide a comprehensive clinical cancer evolutionary data resource. ispartof: NATURE vol:616 issue:7957 ispartof: location:England status: Published online

Published
2023

32. A New Method for Calculating Water Quality Parameters by Integrating Space–Ground Hyperspectral Data and Spectral-In Situ Assay Data

Author

Zhang, Donghui, primary, Zhang, Lifu, additional, Sun, Xuejian, additional, Gao, Yu, additional, Lan, Ziyue, additional, Wang, Yining, additional, Zhai, Haoran, additional, Li, Jingru, additional, Wang, Wei, additional, Chen, Maming, additional, Li, Xusheng, additional, Hou, Liang, additional, and Li, Hongliang, additional

Published
2022
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34. Stereoscopic Monitoring Methods for Flood Disasters Based on ICESat-2 and Sentinel-2 Data.

Author

Cao, Yongqiang, Wang, Mengran, Yao, Jiaqi, Mo, Fan, Zhu, Hong, Hu, Liuru, and Zhai, Haoran

Subjects
RAINSTORMS, FLOOD warning systems, EMERGENCY management, FLOOD forecasting, WATER levels, FLOODS, WATER depth
Abstract

Climate change has led to an increased frequency of extreme precipitation events, resulting in increased damage from rainstorms and floods. Rapid and efficient flood forecasting is crucial. However, traditional hydrological simulation methods that rely on site distribution are limited by the limited availability of data and cannot provide fast and accurate flood monitoring information. Therefore, this study took the flood event in Huoqiu County in 2020 as an example and proposes a three-dimensional flood monitoring method based on active and passive satellites, which provides effective information support for disaster prevention and mitigation. The experimental results indicated the following: (1) the flood-inundated area was 704.1 km2, with the Jiangtang Lake section of the Huaihe River and the southern part of Chengdong Lake being the largest affected areas; (2) water levels in the study area ranged from 15.36 m to 17.11 m, which is 4–6 m higher than the original water level. The highest flood water level areas were the Jiangtang Lake section and the flat area in the south of Chengdong Lake, with Chengdong Lake and the north of Chengxi Lake having the greatest water level increase; (3) the flood water depth was primarily between 4 m and 7 m, with a total flood storage capacity of 2833.47 million m3, with Jiangtang Lake having the largest flood storage capacity; and (4) the rainstorm and flood disaster caused a direct economic loss of approximately CNY 7.5 billion and affected a population of approximately 91 thousand people. Three-dimensional monitoring of floods comprehensively reflects the inundation status of floods and can provide valuable information for flood prediction and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
Full Text
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48. Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution

Author

Venkatesan, Subramanian Angelova, Mihaela Puttick, Clare and Zhai, Haoran Caswell, Deborah R. Lu, Wei-Ting Dietzen, Michelle Galanos, Panagiotis Evangelou, Konstantinos and Bellelli, Roberto Lim, Emilia L. Watkins, Thomas B. K. and Rowan, Andrew Teixeira, Vitor H. Zhao, Yue Chen, Haiquan and Ngo, Bryan Zalmas, Lykourgos-Panagiotis Al Bakir, Maise and Hobor, Sebastijan Gronroos, Eva Pennycuick, Adam Nigro, Ersilia Campbell, Brittany B. Brown, William L. Akarca, Ayse U. Marafioti, Teresa Wu, Mary Y. Howell, Michael and Boulton, Simon J. Bertoli, Cosetta Fenton, Tim R. de Bruin, Robertus A. M. Maya-Mendoza, Apolinar Santoni-Rugiu, Eric and Hynds, Robert E. Gorgoulis, Vassilis G. Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam and McGranahan, Nicholas Harris, Reuben S. Janes, Sam M. and Bartkova, Jirina Bakhoum, Samuel F. Bartek, Jiri Kanu, Nnennaya Swanton, Charles TRACERx Consortium

Subjects
viruses
Abstract

APOBEC3 enzymes are cytosine deaminases implicated in cancer. Precisely when APOBEC3 expression is induced during cancer development remains to be defined. Here we show that specific APOBEC3 genes are upregulated in breast ductal carcinoma in situ, and in preinvasive lung cancer lesions coincident with cellular proliferation. We observe evidence of APOBEC3-mediated subclonal mutagenesis propagated from TRACERx preinvasive to invasive non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) lesions. We find that APOBEC3B exacerbates DNA replication stress and chromosomal instability through incomplete replication of genomic DNA, manifested by accumulation of mitotic ultrafine bridges and 53BP1 nuclear bodies in the G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Analysis of TRACERx NSCLC clinical samples and mouse lung cancer models revealed APOBEC3B expression driving replication stress and chromosome missegregation. We propose that APOBEC3 is functionally implicated in the onset of chromosomal instability and somatic mutational heterogeneity in preinvasive disease, providing fuel for selection early in cancer evolution. SIGNIFICANCE : This study reveals the dynamics and drivers of APOBEC3 gene expression in preinvasive disease and the exacerbation of cellular diversity by APOBEC3B through DNA replication stress to promote chromosomal instability early in cancer evolution.

Published
2021

50. Induction of APOBEC3 Exacerbates DNA Replication Stress and Chromosomal Instability in Early Breast and Lung Cancer Evolution

Author

Venkatesan, Subramanian, primary, Angelova, Mihaela, additional, Puttick, Clare, additional, Zhai, Haoran, additional, Caswell, Deborah R., additional, Lu, Wei-Ting, additional, Dietzen, Michelle, additional, Galanos, Panagiotis, additional, Evangelou, Konstantinos, additional, Bellelli, Roberto, additional, Lim, Emilia L., additional, Watkins, Thomas B.K., additional, Rowan, Andrew, additional, Teixeira, Vitor H., additional, Zhao, Yue, additional, Chen, Haiquan, additional, Ngo, Bryan, additional, Zalmas, Lykourgos-Panagiotis, additional, Al Bakir, Maise, additional, Hobor, Sebastijan, additional, Grönroos, Eva, additional, Pennycuick, Adam, additional, Nigro, Ersilia, additional, Campbell, Brittany B., additional, Brown, William L., additional, Akarca, Ayse U., additional, Marafioti, Teresa, additional, Wu, Mary Y., additional, Howell, Michael, additional, Boulton, Simon J., additional, Bertoli, Cosetta, additional, Fenton, Tim R., additional, de Bruin, Robertus A.M., additional, Maya-Mendoza, Apolinar, additional, Santoni-Rugiu, Eric, additional, Hynds, Robert E., additional, Gorgoulis, Vassilis G., additional, Jamal-Hanjani, Mariam, additional, McGranahan, Nicholas, additional, Harris, Reuben S., additional, Janes, Sam M., additional, Bartkova, Jirina, additional, Bakhoum, Samuel F., additional, Bartek, Jiri, additional, Kanu, Nnennaya, additional, and Swanton, Charles, additional

Published
2021
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