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By using a whole-genome oligonucleotide microarray, designed based on known and predicted indica rice genes, we investigated transcriptome profiles in developing leaves and panicles of superhybrid rice LYP9 and its parental cultivars 93-11 and PA64s. We detected 22,266 expressed genes out of 36,926 total genes set collectively from 7 tissues, including leaves at seedling and tillering stages, flag leaves at booting, heading, flowering, and filling stages, and panicles at filling stage. Clustering results showed that the F1 hybrid's expression profiles resembled those of its parental lines more than that which lies between the 2 parental lines. Out of the total gene set, 7,078 genes are shared by all sampled tissues and 3,926 genes (10.6% of the total gene set) are differentially expressed genes (DG). As we divided DG into those between the parents ([DG.sub.pp]) and between the hybrid and its parents ([DG.sub.HP]), the comparative results showed that genes in the categories of energy metabolism and transport are enriched in [DG.sub.HP] rather than in [DG.sub.pp]. In addition, we correlated the concurrence of DG and yield-related quantitative trait loci, providing a potential group of heterosisrelated genes. heterosis | hybrid rice | transcriptorne | quantitative trait loci | differentially expressed genes

In the realm of aspergillosis, a critical concern for immunocompromised patients facing Aspergillus fumigatus, effective management hinges on understanding fungal growth, stress resistance, and response to antifungal treatments. Our study investigates the crucial role of fungal plasma membrane proton ATPase (PMA) in nutrient absorption, intertwined with growth and antifungal susceptibility. We employed a high-throughput knockout method to create the PMA gene knockout mutant, ΔAfu-PMA1, in A. fumigatus, alongside a complementation strain. Antifungal susceptibility to triazoles was assessed by micro-dilution method and E-test, revealing decreased sensitivity to voriconazole in ΔAfu-PMA1. Comparative analysis demonstrated significant growth differences, with wild-type strain surpassing ΔAfu-PMA1 by 3.2-fold. Under oxidative stress and heightened osmotic pressure, ΔAfu-PMA1 showed notable growth defects. Loss of PMA led to increased ergosterol and decreased ATP content, alongside pH changes in the culture medium. Transcriptome sequencing unveiled revealed a reduced expression of genes associated with ribosome function, the MAPK pathway, endoplasmic reticulum, and the transport and metabolism of fats, sugars, and proteins in ΔAfu-PMA1, highlighting PMA’s regulatory role in growth and adaptation. These findings emphasise PMA as a potential target for future antifungal drugs, offering hope in combating aspergillosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]