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Purpose: The optimal treatment strategy for oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) is undetermined. We aim to compare the survival outcomes of OPC patients treated with upfront surgery versus definitive radiotherapy (RT)., Methods: A total of 8057 cases were retrieved from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database. Primary endpoints were cancer-specific and noncancer mortalities, which were estimated using cumulative incidence function and compared by Gray's test. Univariate and multivariate Fine-Gray subdistribution hazard models were used to estimate the effects of treatment modality on mortality. Subgroup analyses were performed in propensity-score-matched cohorts. All the analyses were conducted separately in human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative and HPV-positive cohorts., Results: In the HPV-negative cohort, definitive RT was independently associated with increased risk of cancer-specific mortality (adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio [SHR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.05-1.64; P = 0.017) and noncancer mortality (adjusted SHR, 1.59; 95% CI 1.13-2.25; P = 0.008). In the HPV-positive cohort, definitive RT was independently associated with increased risk of cancer-specific mortality (adjusted SHR, 1.51; 95% CI 1.23-1.85; P < 0.001) and noncancer mortality (adjusted SHR, 1.53; 95% CI 1.11-2.12; P = 0.009)., Conclusion: Upfront surgery is a superior treatment modality compared with definitive RT in terms of lowering cancer-specific and noncancer mortality in OPC patients, regardless of HPV status. Further prospective clinical trials are needed to confirm our findings., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: We studied the effect of bacterial lysate and the immunologic mechanism in treating infant bronchiolitis., Patients and Methods: 124 infants were diagnosed with bronchiolitis were consecutively selected and randomly divided into control group and observation group, with 62 cases in each group. Conventional therapies were administered in the control group, while bacterial lysates were administered in the observation group. Therapeutic effects were compared after 14 days., Results: In the control group, the total effective rate experienced prominent increase and the healing period was shortened. The differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Comparison of the reverse reactions in two groups showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05). Levels of serum IFN-γ, IL-4, NF-κB and KBD-1 after treatment showed no prominent changes in the control group. Levels of IFN-γ and Hbd-1 increased while levels of IL-4 and NF-κB decreased in the observation group; the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Comparisons of the indexes above mentioned after treatment in the two groups showed significant differences (p < 0.05). Levels of IgA, IgG and IgM after treatment in the control group showed no changes, as well as the level of IgM in the observation group. Levels of IgA and IgG after treatment in the observation group prominently increased and were higher than that in the observation group; the differences were statistically significant (p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Bacterial lysate can improve the therapeutic effect of infant bronchiolitis; it can also improve the level of certain cytokines, immunoglobulins, and strengthening immunity.

A new functional resin with a long functional side chain was synthesized by modification of aminated macroporous poly(vinyl chloride) resin with cyanoethylene and ethylenediamine. Traces of Au(III), Pt(IV) and Pd(II) in aqueous solution were quantitatively adsorbed in the acidity range of pH 4 and C(H(+)) 3 M. The rate of equilibration is high; Cu(2+), Fe(3+), Ni(2+), etc. exhibit little interference on the adsorption of the sought noble metals. The saturated adsorption capacities for Au(III), Pt(IV), Pd(II) and Ir(IV) in 2 M HCl were 4.0, 1.57, 2.26, 1.85 mmol g(-1). Adsorbed ions can be quantitatively desorbed by 4% thiourea +0.25 M H(2)SO(4). The resin has good reusability, and can be used for preconcentration and separation of Au(III), Pt(IV) and Pd(II) prior to their determination by ICP-AES with satisfactory results.

From 3091 strains of yeast, a strain of Candida sp K11 was selected which can produce 18 mg glutathione (GSH) by one gram of the dried cells in the presence of L-CySH in the culture medium. The original strain K11 was subjected to mutagenesis by ultraviolet irradiation and a strain of analogue-antimetabolic mutant K11 UE 126 was selected on the plate of GSH metabolic analogue ethionine. The content of GSH in the K11 UE 126 cells increased by 49.7% over the original strain K11 even without adding L-CySH in the culture medium.