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Background. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) lacks effective treatments and has a poor prognosis. Therefore it is needed to develop more effective drug targets. Kinesin family member 11 (KIF11) has been reported to affect the progression of several cancers, and its high expression associates with the prognosis of patients. However, the relevant mechanisms of KIF11 in HCC progression have not been studied. Method. Through the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) database and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of patients’ specimens, we determined that KIF11 was highly expressed in HCC tissues and associated with prognosis. We established a KIF11 stably depleted hepatoma cell line, through cell-cloning experiments and cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assays to detect the effects on proliferation in vitro. The role of KIF11 in promoting cell proliferation was verified in mice. Result. The expression of KIF11 was negatively correlated with the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) and positively correlated with tumor size of HCC patients. KIF11 depletion inhibits cell proliferation and tumor growth in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion. KIF11 can be used as a positive correlation marker for HCC prognosis and served as a potential therapeutic target.

Background. MCOLN1 (mucolipin subfamily, member 1) was first identified as an autophagic regulator, which was essential for efficient fusion of both autophagosomes and late endosomes with lysosomes. This study is aimed at investigating the role of MCOLN1 in the development of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Methods. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) assay was conducted to evaluate the expression level of MCOLN1 in 82 human PDAC tumor tissues. Overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) analysis was performed to assess the prognosis of patients. Colony formation and MTT assays [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2-H-tetrazolium bromide] were performed to measure the proliferation capacity of tumor cells. The expression level of related genes was measured by RT-PCR (reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and western blot assays. The animal model was used to examine the effects of indicated protein on tumorigenesis in vivo. Results. The results of IHC showed that a high level of MCOLN1 expression was associated with the poor clinical characteristics of PDAC patients. OS and RFS were significantly worse in patients with high MCOLN1 expression. Silencing of MCOLN1 dramatically blocked the proliferation of PDAC cells. Mechanism studies confirmed that knockdown of MCOLN1 decreased the expression of Ki67 and PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen), two markers of cell proliferation. In vivo, MCOILN1 depletion reduced the formation and growth of tumors in mice. Conclusion. The high level of MCOLN1 expression was associated with poor clinical outcomes of PDAC patients. MCOLN1 ablation could inhibit PDAC proliferation of both in vitro and in vivo, which provide a new insight and novel therapeutic target for the treatment of PDAC.

To investigate the clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, and treatment of primary seminal vesicle adenocarcinoma (SVAC).We analyzed the clinical data and clinicopathological characteristics of 4 cases of primary SVAC treated in the Department of Urology of the Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University and reviewed relevant literature.All the 4 patients were treated by open radical resection of the seminal vesicle and prostate and pathologically diagnosed with SVAC. Preoperative prostatic biopsy had shown 1 of the cases to be negative, while preoperative CT and transrectal ultrasound had revealed a huge pelvic cystic neoplasm in another patient. Immunohistochemistry manifested that the 4 cases were all negative for prostate-specific antigen (PSA), prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP), and cytokeratin 20 (CK20), but positive for cancer antigen 125 (CA125) and CK7. All the patients recovered smoothly after surgery and experienced no recurrence or metastasis during 154, 41, 20, and 12 months of follow-up.Primary seminal vesicle carcinoma is extremely rare and presents in an advanced stage. Immunohistochemistry plays a valuable role in its differential diagnosis. Various combinations of radical surgery, radiotherapy, androgen-deprivation therapy, and chemotherapy are recommended for the treatment of the disease.目的: 探讨原发性精囊腺癌的病理学特点和诊疗方法。方法: 分析4例原发性精囊腺癌的临床资料和病理学特征，并行全面文献复习。结果: 4例患者均行开放性前列腺根治性切除术，病理确诊为原发性精囊腺癌：１例术前行前列腺穿刺活检阴性，行开放前列腺癌根治术后确诊为精囊腺癌：1例术前经CT及经直肠超声可见盆腔巨大囊性多分隔肿物，术中冰冻病理诊断为精囊腺癌，转行开放性前列腺根治术。2例术前血清PSA水平数值分别为20.15、40.75 μg/ml，余2例水平正常，4例术后血清PSA水平均正常。4例患者免疫组化结果提示PSA、PAP和CK20均阴性，而CA125和CK7阳性。4例术后恢复良好，分别随访154、41、20、12个月，未见复发转移。结论: 原发性精囊腺癌极其罕见，临床发现较晚。免疫组化对鉴别诊断价值很大。目前提倡多种方法诸如根治手术、放疗、雄激素剥夺疗法和化疗的综合治疗。.

Background Acute rejection is a major obstacle in patients with prolonged ischemia in deceased-donor renal transplantation. Chemokines and their receptors play a critical role in leukocyte trafficking, resulting in allograft rejection; therefore, the role of chemokine receptor CXCR3 in acute rejection induced by prolonged ischemia in rat kidney transplantation models was evaluated. Methods Syngeneic and allogeneic renal transplantations were performed. For cold ischemia, grafts were stored in 4.0 °C University of Wisconsin solution for 12 or 16 h. Serum and renal tissues were harvested 7.0 d after surgery and serum TNF-α, IL-6, and renal function were measured. Graft histology was stained with periodic acid–Schiff and immunohistochemical staining and further evaluated for signs of acute rejection. CXCR3 proteins were quantified by Western blot. The transplanted rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: iso-12-h = isogeneic transplant with 12-h CIT graft; iso-16-h = isogeneic kidney transplant with 16-h CIT graft; allo-12-h = allogeneic renal transplant with 12-h CIT graft; allo-16 h = allogeneic renal transplant with 16-h CIT graft; and 16 h + T = allogeneic 16-h CIT graft received tacrolimus. Results Prolonged cold ischemia time (CIT; 16 h) enhanced acute glomerular damage, interstitial inflammation, and tubulointerstitial cellular infiltration in allografts with and without immunosuppressant tacrolimus; but it was not apparent in the isografts. The expression of CXCR3 protein and the proportion of CXCR3-positive cells were significantly higher in the allo-16 h and 16 h + T groups than that in the allo-12 h group 7 d post-surgery. Conclusions CIT triggered acute rejection in allogeneic, but not in isogeneic, kidney transplants, accompanied by an elevation of leukocyte recruitment and damaged graft function. The upregulated expression of chemokine receptor CXCR3 promoted inflammatory infiltration and acute allograft rejection.

Mesenchymal hamartomas of the liver (MHLs) in adults are rare and potentially premalignant lesions, which present as solid/cystic neoplasms. We report a rare case of orthotopic liver transplantation in a patient with a giant MHL. In 2013, a 34-year-old female sought medical advice after a 2-year history of progressive abdominal distention and respiratory distress. Physical examination revealed an extensive mass in the abdomen. Computed tomography (CT) of her abdomen revealed multiple liver cysts, with the diameter of largest cyst being 16 cm × 14 cm. The liver hilar structures were not clearly displayed. The adjacent organs were compressed and displaced. Initial laboratory tests, including biochemical investigations and coagulation profile, were unremarkable. Tumor markers, including levels of AFP, CEA and CA19-9, were within the normal ranges. The patient underwent orthotopic liver transplantation in November 2013, the liver being procured from a 40-year-old man after cardiac death following traumatic brain injury. Warm ischemic time was 7.5 min and cold ischemic time was 3 h. The recipient underwent classical orthotopic liver transplantation. The recipient operative procedure took 8.5 h, the anhepatic phase lasting for 1 h without the use of venovenous bypass. The immunosuppressive regimen included intraoperative induction with basiliximab and high-dose methylprednisolone, and postoperative maintenance with tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and prednisone. The recipient's diseased liver weighed 21 kg (dry weight) and measured 41 cm × 32 cm × 31 cm. Histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of an MHL. The patient did not experience any acute rejection episode or other complication. All the laboratory tests returned to normal within one month after surgery. Three months after transplantation, the immunosuppressive therapy was reduced to tacrolimus monotherapy, and the T-tube was removed after cholangiography showed no abnormalities. Twelve months after transplantation, the patient remains well and is fulfilling all normal activities. Adult giant MHL is extremely rare. Symptoms, physical signs, laboratory results, and radiographic imaging are nonspecific and inconclusive. Surgical excision of the lesion is imperative to make a definite diagnosis and as a cure. Liver transplantation should be considered as an option in the treatment of a non-resectable MHL.

A 55-year-old woman presented with a 20-day history of paroxysmal pain in her left hypochondrium. Her past medical history was remarkable with a 9-year history of end-stage renal disease managed by hemodialysis. Chest computed tomography scan revealed multiple lytic rib destructions, and therefore metastatic-like lesions were suspected. Laboratory data revealed serum parathyroid hormone 2190 pg/ml, alkaline phosphatase 391.6 U/l, calcium 2.51 mmol/l, and phosphorus 2.43mmol/l. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography showed multiple hypermetabolic spots on the skeletal system (Figure 1), which were osteolytic lesions on corresponding coronal computed tomography images (Figure 2), but a primary tumor was not detected, suggestive of brown tumors due to secondary hyperparathyroidism. Parathyroid scintigraphy demonstrated focal intense methoxyisobutyl isonitrile uptake beneath the lower poles of the thyroid gland on both early and late images, displayed as two separate nodules with punctate calcification on the axial computed tomography image (Supplementary Figures S1-S2 online), which were confirmed as hyperplastic parathyroid nodules by succedent surgical pathology. The course of 6-month follow-up after parathyroidectomy was uneventful. Figure 1 |Maximum intensity projection imaging of fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography that showed multiple hypermetabolic lesions on the skeletal system (thick arrow, right humerus; thin arrow, lower thoracic vertebrae; dovetail arrow, right ilium). Figure 2 |Coronal computed tomography images that revealed multiple osteolytic destructions (thick arrow, right humerus; thin arrow, lower thoracic vertebrae; dovetail arrow, right ilium) in relation to the hypermetabolic lesions.