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High entropy amorphous alloys (HE AMs) have attracted extensive interest lately due to their superior magnetocaloric properties. However, the critical behavior and mechanical properties have received less research, which restricts their applications. This work presented a comprehensive investigation of the magnetocaloric effect (MCE), critical behavior, and mechanical performance of quinary Gd20Dy20Er20Al20M20 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) HE AMs. All samples exhibited distinct spin glass-like behavior below TC and competitive MCE around hydrogen liquefaction temperature range. Excellent MCE was achieved by the HE AMs through a second-order phase transition from paramagnetic state to ferromagnetic state at 79 K for Fe, 41 K for Co, and 36 K for Ni. Among them, the maximum magnetic entropy change (-ΔSM)max of Gd20Dy20Er20Al20Co20 amorphous alloys was 9.59 J kg−1 K−1 under 0–5 T. Furthermore, RC and RCP of Gd20Dy20Er20Al20Fe20 amorphous alloys were respectively 519 J kg−1 and 613 J kg−1, larger than that of most RE-based amorphous alloys. For all samples, the critical behavior of the phase transition approached the mean field model, and this responded to the long-range ordering of the magnetic interaction. The bending plasticity of Gd20Dy20Er20Al20M20 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) HE AMs were 0.78, 1.03, 0.89, respectively. The adjustable Tc, large (-ΔSM), high RCP, and outstanding mechanical properties suggested Gd20Dy20Er20Al20M20 (M = Fe, Co, Ni) HE AMs may find utility as magnetic refrigerants in low-temperature applications.

BackgroundSchizophrenic patients have metabolic disorders， impaired language and information processing function. Inflammatory factors may play an important role in the occurrence and development of schizophrenia.ObjectiveTo explore the relationship of the inflammatory factor levels with metabolic levels， language fluency and information processing function in patients with schizophrenia， so as to provide references for clinical understanding of the neuropathological mechanisms of schizophrenia.MethodsA total of 96 patients with schizophrenia were included in the study group， who were hospitalized in the Fourth People's Hospital of Hefei from January 2021 to December 2022 as well as met the diagnostic criteria of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders， fifth edition （DSM-5） and Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview （MINI） 6.0 .Meanwhile， population who underwent physical examination at the same hospital were included in the control group （n=42）. A high-sensitivity multi factor electrochemiluminescence analyzer was used to detect the levels of inflammatory factors IL-4， IL-5， IL-7， IL-8， IL-10 and IL-13. A fully automated biochemical analyzer was used to detect the levels of metabolic indicators such as fasting blood glucose， triglycerides， high-density lipoprotein， apolipoprotein A， creatinine and urea nitrogen. Verbal fluency and information processing function of all participants were assessed by using Verbal Fluency Test （VFT） and Stroop Color Word Test （SCWT）.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences in the levels of IL-4， IL-5， IL-7， IL-8， IL-10， IL-13 and IL-15 between the study group and the control group （P

Energy transition has been a vital driving force for every major leap in productivity ever since the Industrial Revolution. The renewal and iteration of energy varieties is a transformative force that drives industrial transformation and upgrading, promotes the reconstruction of economic order, and gives birth to advanced productive forces. The global development wave of emerging gas energy, represented by unconventional natural gas, biogas, hydrogen, and ammonia, has been rising, injecting new momentums into the energy technology innovation and sustainable economic and social development. However, the existing research and practice lack a systematic review of the emerging gas energy development. This study summarizes the macro development background of emerging gas energy sources from the perspective of new-quality productive forces and analyzes the practical significance, industrial foundation, and policy support for developing the emerging gas energy in China. It also clarifies the development vision, direction, and mode of the emerging gas energy sources, and proposes corresponding suggestions. Developing the emerging gas energy is crucial for forming new-quality productive forces in the energy field. The large-scale utilization of emerging gas energy sources will change the energy landscape, innovate the traditional natural gas industry, and shape a new form of gas energy industry. Combined with the process of China’s energy transition, this study suggests that the development value, strategy, technology, and market positioning of the emerging gas energy sources should be accurately clarified. The emerging gas energy should be listed as a core component of the new energy system to strengthen China’s energy sector. This study further explores the key points of development from the aspects of top-level design, institutional guarantee, scientific and technological support, and ecological construction, thus to promote the safe, green, diversified, and integrated evolution of China’s emerging gas energy industry.

The power grid CO2 emission factor is a critical parameter for accurately calculating indirect emissions from the electricity consumption side, serving as a core indicator for precisely quantifying the CO2 emission pathways at the consumption side. This study explores the temporal and spatial characteristics of the province-level power-grid CO2 emission factors from 2020 to 2035 and compares them with official-source factors. Moreover, it integrates historical direct-emission data to accurately quantify the importance of indirect emissions from the electricity consumption side. Additionally, it predicts the province-level indirect emissions and emission pathways under different scenarios from 2020 to 2035, quantifying the impacts of power grid CO2 emission factors with distinct temporal and spatial accuracies on provincial emission pathways. The results indicate that: (1) from 2020 to 2035, the power grid CO2 emission factors of all provinces are expected to exhibit sustained decreasing trends, and there are disparities between the existing publicly available power-grid CO2 emission factors and provincial levels in the study. (2) From 2010 to 2020, the indirect emissions from electricity consumption and their proportions in net electricity-importing provinces had gradually increased, with Beijing, Shanghai, and Zhejiang province having the largest proportions. (3) Under Scenarios 1 (constant power-grid CO2 emission factors on the national level) and 3 (constant power-grid CO2 emission factors on the provincial level), the indirect emissions from electricity consumption and total emissions of all provinces will be significantly higher than the estimated results in Scenarios 2 (dynamic power-grid CO2 emission factor on the national level) and 4 (dynamic power-grid CO2 emission factor on the provincial level). The estimation results of Scenarios 1 and 2 are projected to differ significantly from those of Scenarios 3 and 4. For provinces with large proportions of indirect emissions from electricity consumption, such as Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangdong, selecting power grid CO2 emission factors with different spatial accuracies is expected to have noticeable impacts on their total emissions, further leading to shifts in their peaking years. The research results can provide a reference for supporting the planning of carbon peaking pathways in various provinces and reducing the uncertainty in indirect emission forecasts.

In the development of carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced cement-based matrices, one of the fundamental issues that investigators are confronting is CNT/cement-based matrix interfacial bonding, which determines the load transfer capability from the matrix to the CNT. In the present work, the stress transfer properties of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and ultralight foamed concrete matrices were studied using microscopic Raman spectrometry analysis. Two types of CNTs, such as MWCNT and MWCNT-COOH, were considered, wherein MWCNT-COOH was covered with fundamental COOH groups. The results show that the compressive and flexural strengths were 75 and 236% better for ultralight foamed concrete with a dry density of 200 kg/m3 with 0.4 wt% MWCNT-COOH addition, respectively. This indicates that the fundamental COOH groups of the MWCNT play an important role in determining the interfacial bonding characteristics between the MWCNT and the ultralight foamed concrete matrix. Therefore, the attachment of COOH groups with a reasonable concentration to the MWCNT surface may be an effective way to significantly improve the load transfer between the MWCNT and the ultralight foamed concrete matrix, leading to increased compressive and flexural strength values of composites.

Cigarette draw resistance and filter pressure drop are both critical physical indicators for the tobacco industry, which use testing equipment to measure the two parameters. Pressure drop standards are used as transfer standards to ensure the accuracy and reliability of the testing equipment. Pressure drop standards are generally cylindrical rods having a certain number of parallel capillaries. To address the issue of how to design and fabricate pressure drop standards quickly and conveniently, this paper proposes a design method for pressure drop standards based on structural parameters. The method uses a mathematical model of the internal airflow of the standard including the entrance effect into a circular capillary and uses an iterative calculation algorithm accordingly. By iterative calculation, the structural parameters of the pressure drop standard, namely, diameter and length of the capillaries, were obtained, along with the relationship between the draw resistance of the standard and the flow rate in each capillary. The accuracy of the mathematical model was validated by comparing and analyzing the experimental and theoretical draw resistance of standards with different structural parameters. The experimental results showed that the relative error between the measured draw resistance and the calculated draw resistance was below 8%, which proves the reliability and validity of the mathematical model, and provides theoretical support for the design and fabrication of pressure drop standards.

Fingerprints are an important trace material evidence for police to identify criminal. Cadmium sulfide quantum dots (CdS QDs) are fluorescent-labeled nanomaterials that can be used to improve the clarity and resolution of fingerprints. In this study, thioglycollic acid (TGA) was successfully modified to CdS QDs using the in-situ radiation reduction method, and synthetic TGA-CdS QDs were combined with polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) to form a TGA-CdS QDs/PVAc gel fingerprint film for fingerprint development. The structure and properties of the TGA-CdS QDs were characterized and tested using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, fluorescence spectrum, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effects of temperature, concentration of TGA-CdS QDs, pH, and mass fraction of the PVAc gel fingerprint film on fingerprint development were investigated. The results showed that a combination of 6 mg/mL TGA-CdS QDs solution with 20% PVAc gel fingerprint film at room temperature (25 ℃) and pH of 9.0 resulted in the clearest, most complete, and high-resolution fingerprint patterns of fluorescence display. The carboxylic acid group formed by TGA-CdS QDs in an alkaline solution completely combined with the amino acids, proteins, fats, urea, and other components of the fingerprint residue attached to the PVAc gel film. Under ultraviolet irradiation, the fingerprint lines were clearly displayed in the form of fluorescence. The fingerprint display method can be effectively used in criminal investigation.

Chengran Wang,1,* Yihong Zhang,1,* Weihui Kong,2 Xin’ao Rong,1 Ziming Zhong,1 Lei Jiang,3 Shuhan Chen,1 Chuang Li,1 Fuqiang Zhang,1 Jinlan Jiang1 1Department of Scientific Research Center, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Stomatology, the First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Geriatric Medicine, Changchun Central Hospital, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Fuqiang Zhang; Jinlan Jiang, Department of Scientific Research Center, China–Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, People’s Republic of China, Email zfqzhang@jlu.edu.cn; jiangjinlan@jlu.edu.cnAbstract: Osteosarcoma is the predominant primary malignant bone tumor that poses a significant global health challenge. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) that regulate gene expression are associated with osteosarcoma pathogenesis. Thus, miRNAs are potential therapeutic targets for osteosarcoma. Nanoparticles, widely used for targeted drug delivery, facilitate miRNA-based osteosarcoma treatment. Numerous studies have focused on miRNA delivery using nanoparticles to inhibit the progress of osteosarcoma. Polymer-based, lipid-based, inorganic-based nanoparticles and extracellular vesicles were used to deliver miRNAs for the treatment of osteosarcoma. They can be modified to enhance drug loading and delivery capabilities. Also, miRNA delivery was combined with traditional therapies, for example chemotherapy, to treat osteosarcoma. Consequently, miRNA delivery offers promising therapeutic avenues for osteosarcoma, providing renewed hope for patients. This review emphasizes the studies utilizing nanoparticles for miRNA delivery in osteosarcoma treatment, then introduced and summarized the nanoparticles in detail. And it also discusses the prospects for clinical applications. Keywords: osteosarcoma, MicroRNAs, nanoparticle delivery, molecular targeted therapy

Yawen Mo,1,&ast; Wenjuan Zhang,1,&ast; Xiangcheng Tang,1 Rui Zhang,2 Yinghuan Wang,1 Lingling Zheng3 1Department of Strabismus and Amblyopia, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Anesthesia, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Nursing Administration, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Lingling Zheng, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, 7 Jinsui Road, Guangzhou, People’s Republic of China, Email zhenglingling@gzzoc.comPurpose: Strabismus surgery is most commonly performed on children under general anesthesia. However, few studies have focused on the postoperative discomfort in children after strabismus surgery. This study aimed to evaluate postoperative discomfort and the associated risk factors in children who underwent strabismus surgery under general anesthesia.Patients and Methods: A single-center prospective observational study including 300 children who underwent strabismus surgery after general anesthesia was conducted. Patients’ characteristics, preoperative anxiety, surgical and anesthesia data, discomfort within 24 hours after postanesthesia care unit were recorded. The primary outcome was the incidence of postoperative discomfort.Results: Approximately 51.33% of the children complained of at least one of the following types of postoperative discomfort: postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) (23.00%), headache (4.33%), dizziness (20.33%) and emergence agitation (EA) (5.33%). Multivariate analysis indicated that history of motion sickness (P< 0.001, odds ratio [OR]=3.72), and surgery in the dominant eye (P=0.010, OR=2.00) were independent predictors of postoperative discomfort; age was an independent predictor of EA (P< 0.001, OR=0.36); prism diopter≥ 40 was an independent predictor of headache (P=0.005, OR=5.53); age (P=0.020, OR=1.12) and history of motion sickness (P=0.001, OR=2.80) were independent predictors of dizziness; history of motion sickness (P=0.001, OR=2.63) and surgery of inferior oblique anterior transposition (IOAT) (P=0.004, OR=3.10) were independent predictors of PONV.Conclusion: The most frequent postoperative symptoms in children after undergoing strabismus surgery under general anesthesia are PONV, dizziness, EA, and headache. Younger age, larger angle of strabismus, history of motion sickness, surgery on the dominant eye, and surgery of IOAT may be additional risk factors for postoperative discomfort.Keywords: strabismus surgery, discomfort, postoperative nausea, vomiting, general anesthesia

Bo Liu,&ast; Yao Zhang,&ast; Zheng Yuan, Qiang Zhang Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Qiang Zhang, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Centre for Medical Infectious Diseases, No. 8 Jingshun Eest Road, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China, Email sydtzhangqiang@163.comBackground: Brucellosis is a zoonotic disease that can affect various organs, including the spine. Cervical spondylitis caused by Brucella is rare but can lead to significant morbidity if not diagnosed and treated promptly.Case Presentation: We report a case of a 46-year-old female who presented with intermittent high fever and intractable neck, shoulder, and back pain for two months. She was diagnosed with Brucella cervical spondylitis based on clinical manifestations, Rose-Bengal Plate Agglutination Test (RBPT, positive), and cervical MRI findings. She was treated with a combination of antibiotics for at least two weeks, followed by surgical intervention including abscess clearance, partial vertebral resection, and titanium mesh bone fusion. Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) confirmed the presence of sheep Brucella DNA. The patient recovered well postoperatively with significant pain reduction and restoration of full mobility in the right upper limb.Conclusion: This case highlights the diagnostic value of RT-PCR and tissue biopsy in cervical brucellosis spondylitis. Our study found that anterior cervical subtotal corpectomy can restore cervical stability, clear abscess, and relieve spinal cord compression on the basis of drug treatment, with good clinical results.Keywords: Brucellosis, cervical spondylitis, anterior cervical subtotal corpectomy, RT-PCR, gam staining, case report

Wen Wu,1,2,&ast; Yu-Pei Zhang,1,2,&ast; Yu-Meng Pan,2 Zhen-Jie He,1,2 Yan-Ping Tan,1 Ding-Deng Wang,1,2 Xing-Guang Qu,1,2 Zhao-Hui Zhang1,2 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China; 2The First College of Clinical Medical Science, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, 443003, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zhao-Hui Zhang, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yichang Central People’s Hospital, Yichang, 443003, Hubei, People’s Republic of China, Tel/Fax +86-0717-6481546, Email zhaohuizhang0630@163.comPurpose: This study aims to evaluate the predictive efficacy of the C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR), a cost-effective, easily accessible, and reproducible biomarker obtained from standard blood tests, in forecasting acute kidney injury (AKI) among patients undergoing acute pancreatitis (AP). Considering that changes in the CAR are associated with AKI incidence in AP cases, this work aims to explore whether CAR can be used as the innovative, inflammation-based diagnostic marker for AKI in AP patients.Methods: The current retrospective cohort study consecutively enrolled AP patients admitted to First College of Clinical Medical Science of China Three Gorges University during the period from January 2019 to October 2023. Data were extracted systematically in electronic medical records from these hospitalized individuals, including baseline demographic and clinical characteristics. To ascertain the association of the CAR level with the development of AKI, we carried out multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for potential confounders. These confounders were initially identified through univariate regression. Furthermore, the potential effect modifiers in the relationship between CAR and AKI occurrence were explored by stratified logistic regression.Results: Totally, 1514 AP were recruited, including 257 (16.9%) with AKI. CAR was positively correlated with AKI. When adjusting for potential confounders, the AKI risk in patients in the upper CAR tertile (2.628– 22.994) increased by 83% relative to those in lower tertile (0.05– 0.289) (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.13– 2.96, P = 0.013). The AKI risk tended to increase according to the increasing CAR tertile (P for trend = 0.013). No significant interactions were observed among subgroups based on age, sex, BMI, admission to ICU, hypertension, DM, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, severity of AP, etiology of AP, demand for CRRT, mechanical ventilation, and blood transfusion (all P > 0.05).Conclusion: A higher CAR is significantly related to the higher AKI incidence in AP patients in the Chinese population.Keywords: acute pancreatitis, acute kidney injury, CRP/albumin ratio, cohort study

Yue Li,1,2,&ast; Yuhui Wang,2,3,&ast; Yonghong Cao,1,2 Xinxiu Zhang,1,2 Wu Dai,1,2 Yiran Zhao,1,2 Lei Zhang,1,2 Xiaofang Han1,2 1Department of Endocrinology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 2The Fifth Clinical College of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Cardiology, Hefei Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, Hefei, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Xiaofang Han, Email hxfanghf@sina.comPurpose: To inquire into the relationship between diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) and serum levels of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Patients and Methods: Out of 162 T2DM patients classified according to the diagnostic criteria of DPN, 75 were allocated to the non-DPN group and 87 to the DPN group. In turn, based on serum GDF-15 quartiles, all patients were additionally divided (GDF-15 low to high) into group A (40 cases), group B (41 cases), group C (41 cases), and group D (40 cases). General data and laboratory indexes of patients were collected, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to determine serum GDF-15 levels.Results: Compared to the non-DPN group, in the DPN group GDF-15 levels were noticeably greater (P < 0.001). Using serum GDF-15 as a grouping variable, DPN prevalence and body mass index were gradually increased, motor and sensory nerve latencies were gradually lengthened, and amplitude (Amp) and nerve conduction velocity (NCV) were gradually decreased with increasing GDF-15 levels (P < 0.05). Linear regression modeling revealed that GDF-15 levels correlated positively with the latencies of sensory and motor nerves, and negatively with their corresponding NCV (P < 0.05). Binary logistic regression results indicated GDF-15 as an independent predictor for DPN (P < 0.05), whereas restricted cubic spline analysis indicated a dose-response, nonlinear relationship between GDF-15 and DPN.Conclusion: Serum GDF-15 level strongly correlates with DPN, and may represent an independent predictor and a biological marker for the disease.Keywords: growth differentiation factor 15, diabetic neuropathy, nerve conduction study, type 2 diabetes mellitus

Xiangzhi Xu,1,&ast; Yafeng Zheng,2,&ast; Xiaojing Zhang,2,&ast; Chenmei Zhang,1 Wei Gai,2 Zihao Yang1 1Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China; 2WillingMed Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Zihao Yang, Department of Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, No. 3333 Binsheng Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, People’s Republic of China, Email 6200038@zju.edu.cn Wei Gai, Willing Med Technology (Beijing) Co., Ltd, No.156 Jinghai 4th Road, Beijing Economic and Technological Development Zone, Beijing, People’s Republic of China, Email weigai@willingmed.comPurpose: Infections cause high rates of illness and death in children worldwide. However, studies on the clinical value of metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) for immunocompromised children are still limited.Patients and Methods: From June 2021 to December 2023, 119 samples were collected at Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a single-center pediatric hospital and classified into two groups based on their immune states. We compared the diagnostic performance of mNGS and conventional microbiological test (CMT) for pathogen identification, and assessed the clinical impacts of mNGS.Results: Among the 119 samples, 48 (40.34%) belonged to the immunocompromised children. mNGS had a higher positivity rate than CMT (76.47% vs 55.46%, P = 0.0006). The positive percent agreement (PPA) of mNGS for immunocompromised children was higher compared to immunocompetent children (95.24% vs 77.78%). The most common pathogens for immunocompromised patients were gram-negative bacteria and herpesvirus. However, immunocompetent children showed a higher detection rate for gram-positive bacteria and respiratory viruses. Furthermore, the proportions of the positive impact of mNGS results were significantly higher in immunocompromised patients compared to immunocompetent patients for both diagnosis (91.67% vs 57.75%) and treatment (95.83% vs 64.79%) (P < 0.0001). Immunocompromised state, length of hospital stays, times stay in ICU, Pediatric Risk of Mortality (PRISM) score, neutrophil percentage (NEUT%) and the ratio of arterial oxygen partial pressure to fractional inspired oxygen (PaO2/FiO2) were considered independent factors for poor prognosis in critically ill pediatric patients.Conclusion: In patients from PICU, mNGS had a greater clinical significance in immunocompromised children compared to immunocompetent children. mNGS technology is an important auxiliary method for achieving accurate diagnosis and treatment of critically ill pediatric patients.Keywords: infectious diseases, immunocompromised, pediatrics, mNGS, clinical impact

Many cancers exhibit resistance to chemotherapy, resulting in a poor prognosis. The transcription factor NRF2, activated in response to cellular antioxidants, plays a crucial role in cell survival, proliferation, and resistance to chemotherapy. This factor may serve as a promising target for therapeutic interventions in esophageal carcinoma. Recent research suggests that NRF2 activity is modulated by ubiquitination mediated by the KEAP1-CUL3 E3 ligase complex, highlighting the importance of deubiquitination. However, the specific deubiquitinase responsible for regulating NRF2 in esophageal cancer remains unknown. In this study, a novel regulator of the NRF2 protein, Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 35 (USP35), has been identified. Mechanistically, USP35 modulates NRF2 stability through enzymatic deubiquitination. USP35 interacts with NRF2 and facilitates its deubiquitination. Knockdown of USP35 leads to a notable increase in NRF2 levels and enhances the sensitivity of cells to chemotherapy. These findings suggest that the USP35-NRF2 axis is a key player in the regulation of therapeutic strategies for esophageal cancer.

Maritime Power has gradually increased as a national strategy. In this process, gross marine products continue to grow, and the marine industry has become the most fundamental and critical object. The spatial layout and industrial organization of maritime enterprises are fundamental related tasks. Domestic research can be divided into two main categories, based on the data used. One is to use economic and social statistical data, which have a large spatial scope but large granularity and cannot reflect the details of the industrial layout. The other is to use point-of-interest data, which are often not fully mined owing to the heavy workload of data processing. Therefore, there is little relevant content on departmental and urban comparisons in the existing research. Four representative cities-Dalian, Qingdao, Ningbo, and Xiamen-were selected as the research areas. According to the Industrial Classification for Ocean Industries and Their Related Activities, the research objects were identified as the marine core layer, marine support layer, and marine peripheral layer industries and further refined into eight subcategories. This study is based on the information of maritime enterprises registered for business registration, and uses Python to crawl geographic coordinates to improve the spatial information of enterprises. An innovative task is to identify the industry categories of enterprises. This task was performed using fastText, Convolutional Neural Networks, and Recurrent Neural Network. Thus, a spatial enterprise information database, including multiple marine industry departments, was established. Kernel density analysis, standard deviational ellipse analysis, buffer analysis, and other methods were used. Finally, by comparing the visualization results of the marine industrial spatial layout in the four cities, we delved into the marine industrial spatial differentiation patterns. In the experiment, machine learning models, such as artificial neural networks, exhibited high accuracy and recall when completing human recognition tasks, and these methods were effective. Empirical research on the spatial layout and industrial organization of maritime enterprises revealed the following: 1)From the perspective of spatial pattern, the overall pattern is a balanced pattern of "large dispersion and small agglomeration." By comparing the distribution and organization of different types of marine industries, we found that there is industry agglomeration in the location selection of enterprises, resulting in industry agglomeration characteristics. The land sea relationship is reflected in the high-density single peak or "coastal zone-city center" Multimodal distribution pattern. 2) From the perspective of spatial organization mode, industrial clusters have multilevel hierarchical characteristics corresponding to population size and administrative levels. In addition to single core structures, multi core structures generally exhibit a "primary-secondary dual core" or "primary core-multiple radial" pattern, with spatial connections between core intervals forming a multi node axis or network structure. 3) From the perspective of spatial matching relationships, the elliptical area is positively related to the urban area, the direction of the long axis is close to the coastal direction, and the industrial distribution has a clear matching relationship with the urban center, ports, and other transportation hubs, bay terrain, coastline, and other spatial elements.

Nano-TiCp/GH3536 composite powders were prepared by mechanical alloying （MA） and thermal plasma spheroidization （TPS） methods. The flowability， bulk density， particle size distribution， sphericity， and microstructure of the composite powders before and after MA-TPS treatment were studied by Hall flow meter，Scott volumeter， XRD， particle size analyzer， scanning electron microscope， and transmission electron microscope. The results show that the preformed powders obtained by MA-5 h treatment are irregular shape powders with non-uniform adhesion of nano-TiC particles on the surface of the GH3536 substrate. Compared with the original GH3536 powders， the number of equiaxed grains in the preformed powders increases and the crystal grains are refined， but the flowability and bulk density decrease.The nano-TiCp/GH3536 composite powders obtained by the second TPS treatment are spherical， and the original irregular nano-TiC particles are spheroidized and uniformly distributed inside the GH3536 substrate. After removing the submicron particles with an average particle size of 183.27 nm， the flowability， bulk density， and sphericity of TPS composite powders are further improved.The TEM images of submicron particles show that the nanoscale GH3536 microspheres are uniformly coated with a layer of TiC， the structure is similar to the core-shell， and spherical TiC particles are found in the powder. The average spherical degree， average particle size， flowability， and bulk density of the nano-TiCp/GH3536 composite powders prepared by the two-step method are 0.965，33.65 μm，17.1 s/50 g，and 4.184 g/cm3， respectively.

Achieving the best wideband stealth performance under the limited weight constraint is the goal pursued in stealth aircraft radar absorbing coating（RAC） application schemes design. To meet the need for the integrated application of various kinds of RACs on stealth aircraft， an automatic optimization method for the application programme of RAC was established. Firstly， the electromagnetic fields of the model under different frequencies， azimuths and polarizations were simulated based on the finite difference time domain method. The total electromagnetic field was obtained by normalization and weighted calculation of the electromagnetic fields.Then， the total electromagnetic field was divided according to the specific direction and quantity. Each partition was loaded with the corresponding RAC. The reflection coefficient of the RAC was calculated by the transfer matrix method to superimpose the effect of the RAC on the electromagnetic field. The near-far field transformation was performed on the total electromagnetic field after loading with RAC. In this way， fast computation of radar cross section （RCS） was implemented. Based on the improved simplex method and Karush-Kuhn-Tucker condition， an automatic optimization method is established. The objective function was reducing RCS of the target or reducing weight of the absorbing coating. Finally， taking traveling wave plate as an example， the application plan of three thicknesses of RACs was optimized. The goal of optimization was to reduce total weight of the coating. Compared with the 1.5 mm coating plan， the optimization program can reduce the weight by 50%， with the RCS of traveling wave plate increasing by on more than 1 dB. The optimization effect is remarkable.

Guimin Hou,1,&ast; Feng Zhang,1,&ast; Xielin Feng,1 Yan Chen,2 Jinliang Zhang,1 Haiqing Wang1 1Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Haiqing Wang, Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital and Institute, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China, Tel +86-028-85420945, Email wanghaiqing241286@163.comPurpose: Hepatectomy could provide better survival benefit for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with type I/II portal vein tumor thrombosis (PVTT). However, the postoperative recurrence remains high. We discussed whether neoadjuvant therapy could reduce HCC recurrence for these patients.Patients and Methods: One hundred and thirty-eight resectable HCC with type I–II PVTT were retrospectively included. The neoadjuvant therapy regimens included tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), programmed death 1(PD-1) antibodies and transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Short-term and long-term outcomes were compared. Propensity score matching (PSM) was performed to minimize the influence of potential confounders.Results: Thirty-three patients underwent neoadjuvant therapy and 105 patients underwent surgery alone. In the neoadjuvant group, 7 (21.2%) patients achieved stable disease, 13 (39.4%) achieved partial response and 13 (39.4%) achieved complete response based on the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors criterion. By PSM, the neoadjuvant therapy resulted in less microvascular invasion (24.1% vs 50.0%, P=0.021), satellite nodule (6.9% vs 24.1%, P=0.036) and less patients with alpha-fetoprotein> 20(ng/mL) (37.9% vs 69.0%, P=0.006). The neoadjuvant therapy reduced tumor recurrence and prolonged survival. Multivariate analysis found that neoadjuvant therapy was an independent protective factor for overall survival and recurrence free survival.Conclusion: Neoadjuvant treatment presents a promising treatment option for HCC patients with type I/II PVTT.Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma, neoadjuvant treatment, portal vein tumor thrombosis, TACE, immunotherapy, TKIs

Abstract [Objective] A newly recorded orchid species, Gastrodia exilis Hook.f., was spotted from Yunnan Province, China, and its main characters were compared with its morphologically close relatives G. menghaiensis Z.H. Tsi & S.C. Chen, G. putaoensis X.H. Jin and G. dyeriana King & Pantl. [Methods] Morphological and anatomical observations of wild population specimens of the above species were carried out using a stereomicroscope, and photographs were taken with a close-up lens attached digital camera. [Results] G. exilis Hook.f. could be easily distinguished from those species by having a lip free of perianth tube, a disk with two conspicuous triangular lamellae near apex, and lobes of perianth tube crisped. [Conclusion] G. exilis Hook.f. is a newly recorded orchid species in China, and the discovery expands its distribution area and enriches the resources of wild orchids in China.

The accuracy of blood glucose measurement in clinical laboratories is vital for diabetes diagnosis. Trueness Verification Plan was carried out and analyzed for evaluating the standardization of serum glucose among clinical laboratories.

Fibrosis resulting from pathological repair secondary to recurrent or persistent tissue damage often leads to organ failure and mortality. Biliary fibrosis is a crucial but easily neglected pathological feature in hepatobiliary disorders, which may promote the development and progression of benign and malignant biliary diseases through pathological healing mechanisms secondary to biliary tract injuries. Elucidating the etiology and pathogenesis of biliary fibrosis is beneficial to the prevention and treatment of biliary diseases. In this review, we emphasized the importance of biliary fibrosis in cholangiopathies and summarized the clinical manifestations, epidemiology, and aberrant cellular composition involving the biliary ductules, cholangiocytes, immune system, fibroblasts, and the microbiome. We also focused on pivotal signaling pathways and offered insights into ongoing clinical trials and proposing a strategic approach for managing biliary fibrosis-related cholangiopathies. This review will offer a comprehensive perspective on biliary fibrosis and provide an important reference for future mechanism research and innovative therapy to prevent or reverse fibrosis.

Gaoyan Tang, Qianqian Zhang, Fengxia Wang, Hua Zhang, Yuanling Qi Department of Oncology, Weifang People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University), Weifang, Shandong, 261041, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Yuanling Qi, Department of Oncology, Weifang People’s Hospital (The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong Second Medical University), Weifang, Shandong, 261041, People’s Republic of China, Email wryqyl@163.comBackground: As one of the most common types of primary bone sarcomas in adolescents and young adults, osteosarcoma has a high probability of local invasion and distant metastasis with a poor prognosis.Case Presentation: Here, we report the case of a 34-year-old patient with advanced metastatic osteosarcoma. Considering the high expression of PD-L1 and the inability of the patient to tolerate chemotherapy, anti-PD-1 antibody (sintilimab 200 mg, q3w) and anti-angiogenesis drug (anlotinib 8 mg D1-14, q3w) were administered. The metastatic lesions were treated with local radiotherapy. The patient obtained an 11.7-month-sustained remission period, and he also enjoyed a better quality of life.Conclusion: This case demonstrates that sintilimab plus anlotinib may be a feasible treatment regimen for osteosarcoma patients.Keywords: osteosarcoma, sintilimab, anlotinib, immunotherapy, anti-angiogenesis

Wei Zhang,1,&ast; Jiayu Zhang,2,&ast; Dian Jiao,1,&ast; Qisheng Tang,1 Xiaoping Gao,1 Zhenyu Li,1 Fa Yang,3 Zhiguang Zhao,1 Longfei Yang4 1Department of Urology, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710038, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Urology, Air Force Hospital of Southern Theater Command, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510062, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Urology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710032, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Transfusion Medicine, Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, 710038, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Longfei Yang; Zhiguang Zhao, Email y68lf@163.com; zzg13991809889@163.comPurpose: Lichen sclerosus urethral stricture disease (LS USD) is a refractory and progressive disease primarily affecting the anterior urethra in males. Various potential etiological factors, such as genetics, autoimmunity, infection, and exposure to infectious urine, have been suggested. However, the accurate etiology of LS in the male urethra remains unclear.Patients and Methods: In this study, we conducted single-cell RNA sequencing to identify the transcriptional profiles of three patients with LS USD and three patients with non-LS USD. Immunofluorescence was used to confirm the single-cell sequence results.Results: Our study revealed distinct subsets of vein endothelial cells (ECs), smooth muscle cells (SMCs), and fibroblasts (FBs) with high proportions in LS USD, contributing to the tissue microenvironment primarily involved in proinflammatory and immune responses. In particular, FBs displayed a unique subset, Fib7, which is exclusively present in LS USD, and exhibited high expression levels of SAA1 and SAA2. The accumulation of macrophages, along with the dysregulated ratios of M1/M2-like phenotype macrophages, may be engaged in the pathogenesis of LS USD. Through cell–cell communication analysis, we identified significant interactions involving CXCL8/ACKR1 and CCR7/CCL19 in LS USD. Remarkably, Fib7 exhibited exclusive communication with IL-1B macrophages through the SAA1/FPR2 receptor–ligand pair.Conclusion: Our study provides a profound understanding of the tissue microenvironment in LS USD, which may be valuable for understanding the pathogenesis of LS USD. Keywords: lichen sclerosus, urethral stricture disease, single-cell RNA sequencing, heterogeneity, fibroblasts, macrophages

Bo Liu, Yao Zhang, Qiang Zhang Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, National Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Qiang Zhang, Department of Orthopaedics, Beijing Ditan Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Infectious Diseases, No. 8 Jingshun Eest Road, Beijing, 100015, People’s Republic of China, Email sydtzhangqiang@163.comBackground: Osteonecrosis is a common complication, particularly in HIV-infected patients undergoing long-term glucocorticoid therapy. This case report aims to highlight the unique “map-like” magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) changes observed in an HIV-positive patient with multiple osteonecrosis due to glucocorticoid overdose, emphasizing the importance of recognizing and managing this complication in this high-risk population.Case Presentation: A 29-year-old HIV-positive male patient developed extensive multi-joint osteonecrosis involving 7 joint sites (right shoulder, bilateral hips, bilateral knees, and bilateral ankles) after 6 months of high-dose glucocorticoid treatment for an opportunistic pneumonia associated with his HIV status. The patient required prolonged glucocorticoid therapy to manage the severe lung infection. MRI revealed characteristic “map-like” changes, with the osteonecrotic areas distributed in a linear, clustered, or map-like pattern. To alleviate his condition and improve joint function, the patient underwent a customized treatment plan, including total hip replacement for the left hip, core decompression surgery for the right hip. Following surgical intervention, the patient experienced reduced joint pain and improved joint mobility.Conclusion: This case underscores the potential risk of extensive multi-joint osteonecrosis in HIV-positive patients receiving long-term high-dose glucocorticoids, with the “map-like” MRI changes being a distinctive imaging feature. It emphasizes the importance of close monitoring and timely implementation of effective interventions in this high-risk population. Notably, core decompression surgery can improve local blood circulation, slow disease progression, and serve as an effective minimally invasive treatment option for early-stage osteonecrotic lesions.Keywords: HIV, MRI, “map-like”changes, osteonecrosis, multiple sites, case report

Yingjie Zhang,&ast; Guokuo Hou,&ast; Liping Zhang, Shanshan Li Department of Neurosurgery ICU, The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Academician Workstation of The Second Hospital & Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shanshan Li, Tel +8615193185275, Fax +86-931-15193185275, Email 15193185275@163.comBackground: Central Nervous System (CNS) infections caused by Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) pose a major clinical challenge and are associated with high mortality rates. Polymyxin is used as a salvage treatment for CRKP CNS infection; however, heteroresistance to polymyxin may impact clinical outcomes. In this study, we report a rare case of polymyxin-resistant Klebsiella intracranial infection, which was successfully treated with intravenous and intraventricular antibiotic injections.Case Presentation: A 46-year-old woman with a 1-day history of post-traumatic disturbance of consciousness and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) rhinorrhea was referred to our hospital. She underwent external ventricular drainage and decompressive craniectomy, and had a persistent fever. A CSF test confirmed intracranial infection. The minimum inhibitory concentration of polymyxin in this patient was 16 μg/mL. She was diagnosed with polymyxin-resistant pan drug-resistant (PDR) Klebsiella pneumoniae (PDR-Kp) intracranial infection. We successfully treated the infection using intravenous ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ/AVI) and polymyxin B, combined with an intraventricular injection of polymyxin B according to the CSF microbiological culture results.Conclusion: CAZ/AVI combined with polymyxin B may be an effective salvage treatment for CNS infections caused by polymyxin-resistant PDR-KP.Keywords: CNS infection, Carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae, polymyxin-resistant, ceftazidime/avibactam

【Objective】The light source of fiber grating sensing system provides energy for the system. The stable and continuous light source is crucial for the application of the whole demodulation system. When the Modulated Grating Y-branch (MG-Y) laser is used as the light source of the fiber grating demodulation system, it is necessary to solve the problem that it is difficult for the MG-Y laser to quickly obtain the stable and continuous tuning within the required specific wavelength range.【Methods】In order to obtain the stable and continuous wavelengths quickly for MG-Y lasers, the K-Means (KMeans) clustering model is proposed and applied to obtain high-quality current-wavelength Look Up Table (LUT) for MG-Y lasers.【Results】By combining the tuning characteristics of the MG-Y laser with the KMeans clustering model method, the centroid of the optimal tuning parameter curve in the phase tuning region of the LUT can be quickly obtained with time of about 18.26 s. Then, according to the tuning characteristics of the left, right and phase of the MG-Y laser itself, the fine tuning of the MG-Y laser wavelength can be achieved by uniform interpolation method. The LUT with the full tuning range is obtained from the KMeans clustering model, and the target LUT is selected at a certain interval. According to the output wavelength issued by the laser according to the target LUT, the mean value of the measured wavelength and the absolute value of the error of the target wavelength is 0.18 pm. The standard deviation of the absolute value of the error is 0.52 pm. Therefore, the MG-Y laser can be used as a stable light source for the fiber grating sensing system.【Conclusion】It is verified by experiments that the traditional manual search for each phase tuning region needs at least 30 min to find the centroid point. The same operation can be completed by KMeans clustering model method, which can greatly shorten the time to find the centroid point. Based on this method, the stable wavelength of quasi-continuous tuning can be achieved by controlling the MG-Y laser.

【Objective】In long-distance optical communication systems, compensating fiber nonlinear impairment through traditional Digital Signal Processing (DSP) is difficult due to intractable interactions between Kerr nonlinearity, chromatic dispersion and amplified spontaneous emission noise. Machine learning algorithm can be used to further process signals on the basis of traditional DSP to mitigate fiber nonlinear impairment and improve long-distance transmission performance.【Methods】In this paper, the traditional Digital Back Propagation (DBP) algorithm is combined with Deep Neural Network (DNN), where the linear step size and nonlinear step size in DBP are taken as one neuron. It means that the linear step size is taken as the weight matrix of DNN, the nonlinear step size is taken as the activation function, and DSP is taken as the static layer of DNN. A DNN-based Learned Digital Back Propagation (LDBP) algorithm is proposed.【Results】In order to verify the feasibility of the proposed LDBP algorithm, the simulation was carried out in a single-channel polarization division multiplexing 16-ary Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (QAM) optical transmission system. The numerical simulation results demonstrate that the 1-step-per-span LDBP algorithm improves the optimal launched power from -2 dBm to 1 dBm in compared to linear equalization. Meanwhile, compared with DBP with the same computational complexity, the proposed algorithm improves Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) by 0.82 dB at the transmission distance of 1 200 km. In addition, compared with DBP with the same computational complexity and linear equalization, the SNR of the transmission system corresponding to LDBP method decreases more slowly with the increase of transmission distance, and the algorithm can work without knowing the link parameters, showing the characteristic of universality and robustness.【Conclusion】The proposed LDBP algorithm is more suitable for practical long-distance coherent optical communication system than the traditional DBP algorithm.

Yanwu Zhang,1,&ast; Buasiyamu Abudunaibi,2,&ast; Yunkang Zhao,2 Dongliang Zhang,1 Yanru Chu,1 Song Lei,1 Xiaomin Gu,1 Xuying Lao,1 Xianhao Wu,1 Weitao Yao,1 Yi Chen,1 Feng Tong1 1Department of Infectious Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China; 2State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang’ an Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian Province, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Feng Tong; Yi Chen, Ningbo Prefectural Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, People’s Republic of China, Email tongfeng1031@163.com; 30279068@qq.comObjective: To conduct a comprehensive evaluation of the Dengue Fever Surveillance and Early Warning System deployed in Ningbo City during 2023, focusing on its capacity for timely identification and reporting of dengue fever cases, particularly imported cases from endemic regions.Methods: A detailed data of patient clinical features and blood profile trends was collected from clinical records and surveillance reports, focusing on the rapid diagnostic processes and surveillance rigor. This study assessed the effectiveness of the system in identifying and reporting dengue cases and identified the limitations of the existing framework through a basic statistical approach.Results: The system demonstrated timely identification and reporting of dengue fever cases, with a particular emphasis on imported cases. However, several limitations were identified, including the need for more precise monitoring criteria and improved coordination with medical entities.Conclusion: The study underscores the critical role of public health bodies in managing disease outbreaks and advocates for enhanced methodologies to refine epidemic control efforts. The findings contribute to the advancement of early warning mechanisms and the improvement of proactive infectious disease monitoring in metropolitan environments, providing valuable insights for fortifying the Dengue Fever Surveillance and Early Warning System in Ningbo City.Keywords: Dengue fever, Imported, Surveillance, Early-warning

Objective To effectively prevent lining damage and water leakage in tunnels, research is carried out on minimizing lining structure bending moment for tunnel cross-section in upper-soft lower-hard composite strata. Method Soft soil-hard soil and soil-rock two types of loading modes for composite strata tunnel lining structures are proposed based on composite strata tunnel surrounding rock pressure characteristics and reasonable assumptions. Following the ideal optimization approach for a zero bending moment composite strata tunnel, a semi-structural mechanics model of tunnel cross-section is established. The rational axis equation of the zero bending moment tunnel cross-section and the analytical expressions of diameters at both composite strata boundary lines and the horizontal tunnel cross-section mid-line are calculated. The process of minimizing bending moment in composite strata tunnel cross-section is outlined briefly. Result & Conclusion The rational axis of the zero bending moment cross-section in soft soil-hard soil tunnel is pear-shaped, while in soil-rock tunnel, it is horseshoe-shaped. In practical engineering, based on the rational axis equation of tunnel cross-section, key parameters for tunnel cross-section design can be determined through comprehensive evaluation and weighted averaging method. This approach enables the design of new tunnel cross-sections in upper-soft and lower-hard strata, aiming to minimize lateral deformation in composite strata tunnels.

Objective Cancer Hospital Station on Shenzhen Rail Transit Line 14 adopts a scheme of large-diameter (8.5 m) shield tunnel expansion featuring tunnel-first and station-later. During the connection of the main station structure and auxiliary entrances in underground excavation, the construction of large local openings in tunnel lining is required. To ensure the structural safety during tunnel opening construction, it is necessary to study the mechanical behavior of urban rail transit station structure based on existing shield tunnel interval underground excavation. Method To simulate the station underground excavation process under various working conditions, a multi-ring shell-rigid beam-contact lining calculation model considering the effects of lining structure circumferential and longitudinal joints is adopted. The scenarios include full-opening lining ring control condition (opening condition) and half-opening lining ring control condition (support removal condition). Key design parameters, such as the position of capping block, the forms of internal support, and the dimension of tunnel longitudinal opening, are analyzed for their impact on station structure. Result & Conclusion Based on the stress characteristics of ring beams, it is recommended to use steel or embedded steel components for the upper and lower ring beams in the design. It is recommended that the arrangement of through-joint assembled segments in the opening area should be adopted according to segment stress characteristics, and the capping block of tunnel opening section through-joint assembled segments be designed at the tunnel top for Cancer Hospital Station. The bending moment distribution of opening lining ring segments throughout construction process is closely related to the effective constraint points of internal supports, and the premise of internal supports forming effective constraint is a complete axial force transmission path. The integrity of opening lining ring structure is contingent upon the lateral constraints of circumferential joints during the local tunnel opening construction.

This study investigates the fracture evolution patterns of overlying strata under the mining conditions of close-distance coal seams.Taking the 9305 working face of Anshun Coal Mine as the research object, this study probed into the evolution of displacement field and strain field during the mining process of close-distance coal seams through physical similarity simulation test.The results show that ①with the continuous advancement of distance from the working face, the overburden strata first form separation cracks and longitudinal cracks, and then the middle part of the goaf is gradually compacted.②The displacement field is asymmetrically distributed in the advancing direction of the working face, The displacement of the overlying rock on the side of the working face is obviously smaller than that on the left side of the goaf, and the peak displacement is mainly concentrated in the middle of the goaf.③The maximum principal strain concentration position is asymmetrically transferred from the middle of the goaf to the open-off cut side and the working face side.The concentration degree of the open-off cut side is significantly higher than that of the working face side.This reveals that a potential correlation exists between the maximum principal strain concentration position and the gas enrichment area.

Jingxuan Zhang,1,&ast; Yun Yan,1,&ast; Feifei Jiang,2,&ast; Jingguo Chen,3,&ast; Yuhui Ouyang,1,4,5 Luo Zhang1,4,5 1Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 2Department of Otolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, People’s Republic of China; 3Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi ‘an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, People’s Republic of China; 4Beijing Laboratory of Allergic Diseases, Municipal Education Commission and Beijing Key Laboratory of Nasal Diseases, Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, People’s Republic of China; 5Research Unit of Diagnosis and Treatment of Chronic Nasal Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Yuhui Ouyang; Luo Zhang, Department of Allergy, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, No. 1, Dongjiaominxiang, Dongcheng District, Beijing, 100730, People’s Republic of China, Tel +8610 58268375 ; +8610 65141136, Fax +8610 85115988, Email oyyuhui@sina.com; dr.luozhang@139.comBackground: Pollen allergies have a high prevalence in northern China, whereas, the types of pollen allergens and population characteristics among different regions remain unclear.Objective: To study the species and temporal distribution of the main allergenic pollen, as well as the characteristics of patients with pollen-related allergic rhinitis (AR) in different cities in northern China.Methods: Pollen data were obtained from pollen-monitoring stations in 13 cities of northern China between 2020 and 2021. Questionnaire surveys and allergen testing were conducted in 494 patients with pollen-related allergies from Beijing in Central, Shenyang in Northeast, and Xi’an in Northwest China.Results: In 13 cities of northern China, the main sources of pollen were cypress, poplar, elm, pine, birch and ash in spring, and mugwort, goosefoot, hop and ragweed in autumn. In Northwest China, the spring and autumn pollen periods started earlier and lasted longer than that in Central and Northeast China, and the pollen counts in autumn in was significantly higher than that in Central and Northeast China. Furthermore, the nasal, ocular and respiratory symptom and quality of life scores of AR patients in Northwest China were significantly higher than that in Central and Northeast China. 69.32– 73.28% of patients had annual cost of anti-allergic medication between 500– 5000 yuan. However, 40.93– 48.86% of patients reported minor control of symptoms.Conclusion: Our results can be used as a basis for developing effective prevention and management measures for patients with pollen-related allergy in these regions, including timely pollen monitoring, patient guidance on protective measures, early intervention, and specific immunotherapy, to improve pollen-related allergy management.Keywords: allergic rhinitis, pollen monitoring, Northern China, questionnaire survey, symptom scores