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胚芽作为谷物籽粒的重要组成部分，含有丰富的营养组分。为了对谷物胚芽产品开发和技术优化提供参考，综述了谷物胚芽中脂肪、蛋白质、碳水化合物、维生素、矿物质等营养组分的构成及生理功能，对谷物胚芽精准加工技术进行了概述，指出了现今谷物胚芽产品开发存在的问题并提出了建议。谷物胚芽的稳定化处理、谷物胚芽油的提取、活性肽的制备及γ-氨基丁酸的富集等技术成为谷物胚芽研究领域的新热点。还需加大谷物胚芽活性组分应用的研究力度，进一步向功能性食品、医药等领域探索，使产品开发多元化，从而扩大谷物胚芽的应用范围，产生较好的社会效益及经济效益。 As the most important component part of cereal grain, the cereal germ is rich in nutritional components. In order to provide a reference for product development and technical optimization of cereal germ,the composition and physiological function of nutritional components in cereal germ were reviewed, including fat, protein, carbohydrates, vitamins and minerals. The precision processing technology of cereal germ was summarized. The problems existing in the development of cereal germ products were pointed out and some suggestions were put forward. The stabilization of cereal germ, the extraction of cereal germ oil, the preparation of active peptides and the enrichment of γ-aminobutyric acid have become new hot spots in the field of cereal germ research. It is necessary to increase the research on the application of the active components of cereal germ and further explore the functional food and pharmaceutical fields, so as to diversify the product development and expand the scope of application of cereal germ and generate better social and economic benefits.

The discovery of novel two-dimensional (2D) half-metallic materials with a robust ferromagnetic (FM) order and a high Curie temperature (Tc) is attractive for the advancement of next-generation spintronic devices. Here, we propose a monolayer with stable 2D intrinsic FM half-metallicity, i.e., the CrSc2Te4 monolayer, which was constructed by intercalating a monolayer of 1T-CrTe2-type sandwiched between two layers of 2H-ScTe2 monolayers. Our calculations reveal that it exhibits exceptional dynamical, thermal, and mechanical stabilities accompanied by a robust half-metallicity characterized by a wide bandgap of 1.02 eV and FM ordering with a high Tc of 326 K. Notably, these properties remain intact in almost the entire range of the biaxial strain from −5% to 5%. Furthermore, our investigations demonstrate excellent spin transport capabilities, including an outstanding spin-filtering effect, and a remarkably high tunneling magnetoresistance ratio peaking at 6087.07%. The remarkable magnetic features of the 2D CrSc2Te4 monolayer with room temperature FM, intrinsic half-metallicity, and 100% spin-polarization make it a promising candidate for the next-generation high-performance spintronic nanodevices as well as high-density magnetic recording and sensors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrical control of conductivity and magnetism in two-dimensional (2D) ferroelectric (FE) materials have attracted immense attention due to their fascinating properties and potential applications in designing field-effect transistors and high-density multistate data storage. Based on first-principles calculations and crystal field theory, we present an approach to obtain 2D intrinsic asymmetric multiferroics by replacing the In atom in the ferroelectric In2X3 monolayer (X = S, Se) with the Cr atom. Interestingly, it is found that the InCrX3 monolayers have two inequivalent polarized states, which are characterized by metal and semiconductor, respectively, which is related to the crystal field around Cr3+ ions. Thus, it provides a feasible way to realize electrical control of reversible metal–insulator transition induced by ferroelectric switching, indicating that the InCrX3 monolayers can be used as the channel materials in the FE memory technology. In addition, because of the existence of the Cr3+ ions, the InCrX3 monolayers also exhibit robust ferromagnetism with different Curie temperatures and magnetocrystalline anisotropy energies, which can provide a good platform for realizing the strong coupling between the magnetism and ferroelectricity. These interesting results provide a feasible way to design asymmetric FE materials with regulatable conductivity and magnetism that can enable a wide range of applications in nanodevices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two-dimensional photocatalytic materials have emerged as prominent materials within ecological and energy catalysis in recent years. Among these materials, two-dimensional Janus structures, including PdXY (X = S, Se; Y = Se, Te), MXY (M = Mo, W; X, Y = S, Se, Te), and MSiGeN4 (M = Mo, W), have been highlighted as prospective candidates for water-splitting photocatalysts. In this paper, we have explored BiSY (Y = I, Br, Cl) as a promising material for overall water-splitting, utilizing first-principles calculations to investigate the geometric structure, stability, electronic structure, and optical properties. By analyzing the results of phonon band structures, molecular dynamics simulations, and the elasticity coefficient, we can establish the system stability of BiSY (Y = I, Br, Cl). And HSE06 energy band calculations and band edge position calculations demonstrated that BiSY (Y = I, Br, Cl) possesses an appropriate band gap. Moreover, the absorption spectra and step reaction diagrams validated the feasibility of photocatalytic water-splitting of BiSY (Y = I, Br, Cl). Additionally, we confirmed that biaxial strain can change the band edge position of BiSY (Y = I, Br, Cl). Our comprehensive analysis shows that BiSY (Y = I, Br, Cl) is a potential candidate for efficient water-splitting photocatalysts. This study contributes to the growing collection of two-dimensional Janus photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MXene materials emerge as promising candidates for energy harvesting and storage application. In this study, the effect of the surface chemistry on the work function of MXenes, which determines the performance of MXene‐based triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), is elucidated. First‐principles calculations reveal that the surface functional group greatly influences MXene work function: OH termination reduces the work function with respect to that of bare surface, while F and Cl increase it. Then, work functions are experimentally determined by Kelvin probe force microscopy. The MXene prepared by gentle etching at 40 °C for 48 h (GE40/48) has the largest work function. Furthermore, an electron‐cloud potential‐well model is established to explain the mechanism of electron emission‐dominated charge transfer and assemble a triboelectric device to verify experimentally its conclusions. It is found that GE40/48 has the best performance with a 281 V open‐circuit voltage, 9.7 µA short‐current current, and storing 1.019 µC of charge, which is consistent with the model. Last, a patterned TENG is demonstrated for self‐powered human–machine interaction application. This finding enhances the understanding of the inherent mechanism between the surface structure and the output performance of MXene‐based TENG, which can be applied to other TENG based on 2D materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The coupling of topological electronic states and ferroelectricity is highly desired due to their abundant physical phenomenon and potential applications in multifunctional devices. However, it is difficult to achieve such a phenomenon in a single ferroelectric (FE) monolayer because the two polarized states are topologically equivalent. Here, we demonstrate that the symmetry of polarized states can be broken by constructing a Janus structure in a FE monolayer. We illustrate such a general idea by replacing a layer of Te atoms in the In2Te3 monolayer with S atoms. Using first-principles calculations, we show that the In2Te2S monolayer has two asymmetric polarized states, which are characterized by a metal and semiconductor, respectively. Importantly, as the spin–orbit coupling is included, a band gap (50.4 meV) is created in the metallic state, resulting in a non-trivial topological phase. Thus, it proves to be a feasible method to engineer non-volatile FE control of topological order in a single-phase system. We also demonstrate the underlying physical mechanism of topological phase transition, which is unveiled to be related to the weakened intrinsic electric field resulting from charge transfer. These interesting results provide a general way to design asymmetric FE materials and shed light on their potential application in non-volatile multifunctional devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, numerous two-dimensional (2D) magnetic materials are predicted with various promising properties, whereas noncollinear antiferromagnetic 2D materials are rarely reported. In this paper, we predicted a stable 2D noncollinear antiferromagnetic triangular lattice T-FeO2. The ground state is 120 ° antiferromagnetic with stronger next nearest neighbor exchange coupling than that of nearest neighbor exchange coupling because of the RKKY interaction. Our Monte Carlo simulations reveal that the magnetic phase transition is from a 120 ° antiferromagnetic state to a stripy state and then to a paramagnetic state with increasing temperature. In addition, by tuning the spin direction from an in plane antiferromagnetic state to a canted weak ferromagnetic state, a nontrivial topological phase transition could be induced. Our investigation about magnetic property and nontrivial topological phase transition is very promising for antiferromagnetic spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]