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Eurasia is a sensitive and high-risk region for global climate changes, where climate anomalies significantly influence natural ecosystems, human health, and economic development. The North Atlantic tripole (NAT) sea surface temperature anomaly is crucial to interannual precipitation variations in Eurasia. Several studies have focused on the link between the NAT and climate anomalies in winter and spring. However, the mechanism by which the summer NAT impacts climate anomalies in Eurasia remains unclear. This study examines how the NAT impacts interannual variations of summer precipitation in mid–high-latitude Eurasia. Precipitation variations are associated with the atmospheric teleconnection triggered by the NAT. When the NAT is in its positive phase, the anomalous atmospheric diabatic heating over the North Atlantic excites an equivalent-barotropic Rossby wave train response that propagates eastward toward Eurasia, resulting in atmospheric circulation anomalies over the region. The combined effects of atmospheric circulation, radiative forcing, and water vapor transport anomalies lead to decreased precipitation across northern Europe and central Eurasia, with higher precipitation anomalies over northeast Asia. Finally, numerical experiments verify that the summer NAT excites atmospheric teleconnections that propagate downstream, affecting precipitation anomalies in mid–high-latitude Eurasia. This study provides a scientific basis for predicting Eurasian summer precipitation and strengthening disaster management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The summer atmospheric heat source (AHS) over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) induces meridional circulations in TP and its surrounding areas. Previous studies mainly focused on the monsoon circulation on the south side of TP, while the formation and maintenance mechanisms of meridional circulation on its north side remain unclear. This study compared three calculation methods of the AHS, analyzed the spatial–temporal variability of the summer AHS over the TP, and discussed its influence on the interannual variability of meridional circulation on the north side of the TP based on the two-dimensional decomposition method of atmospheric circulation and sensitivity experiments. The results indicate that in the positive AHS anomalies years, the diabatic heating of condensation latent release in southeastern TP could motivate anomalous ascending motion. Simultaneously, the increased meridional temperature gradient between the mid- and high latitudes of East Asia leads to an enhanced southward westerly jet. In this context, the region on the north side of TP, located on the north side of the westerly jet entrance, is affected by negative anomalous relative vorticity advection, prevailing anomalous descending motion, which makes the descending branch of meridional circulation significantly presented. Unlike previous studies that considered the descending branch of meridional circulation as the compensation for upward flow, the results of the linear baroclinic model (LBM) verify that the descending branch is mainly influenced by the vorticity advection related to regional scale variability of the westerly jet. This study reveals the physical mechanism of meridional circulation on the north side of TP, which offers valuable implications for seasonal forecasting in TP and Northwest China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Uranium enrichment is considerably prevalent in Jurassic coal-bearing strata in the Yili Basin. A large amount of uranium deposits (occurrences) have been discovered in recent decades. Previous studies have found that uranium deposits and coal seam have a certain correlation in their genesis and spatial distribution or sometimes uranium deposits develop directly in the coal seam. What are the geological characteristics of uranium enrichment? How is uranium enriched? How to strengthen the cooperative development of uranium and coal and environmental protection? In order to explain the aforementioned questions, the characteristics of uranium deposits, rock minerals, and geochemical and metallogenic chronology are summarized herein, and the geological control mechanism of uranium enrichment in coal-bearing strata is discussed. It is found that uranium enrichment (including sandstone uranium deposits and coal uranium deposits) has multistage genetic characteristics and is mainly spread over the gentle slope of the southern margin of the Yili basin, with its host rock possibly being sandstone, coal, and sometimes even mudstone. The uranium concentration has a considerable correlation with the reductant, and the occurrence state of uranium has both inorganic and organic affinities. In addition, uranium enrichment is believed to be a comprehensive effect of high uranium source rocks, tectonic activity, sedimentary facies, hydrogeology conditions, paleoclimate, and reductant. The difference is that uranium enrichment in sandstone is often generated in a mud-sand-mud stratigraphic structure, while uranium enrichment in coal usually develops as coal-sand-mud. What is more, strengthening the study of physical and chemical properties of the host rock, strengthening the study of uranium occurrence state, and sharing geological data are important ways for the cooperative development of coal and uranium resources and environmental protection., Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing financial interest., (© 2022 The Authors. Published by American Chemical Society.)

Metabolomics plays an increasingly large role in translational research, with metabolomics data being generated in large cohorts, alongside other omics data such as gene expression. With this in mind, we provide a review of current approaches that integrate metabolomic and transcriptomic data. Furthermore, we provide a detailed framework for integrating metabolomic and transcriptomic data using a two-step approach: (1) numerical integration of gene and metabolite levels to identify phenotype (e.g., cancer)-specific gene-metabolite relationships using IntLIM and (2) knowledge-based integration, using pathway overrepresentation analysis through RaMP, a comprehensive database of biological pathways. Each step makes use of publicly available R packages ( https://github.com/mathelab/IntLIM and https://github.com/mathelab/RaMP-DB ), and provides a user-friendly web interface for analysis. These interfaces can be run locally through the package or can be accessed through our servers ( https://intlim.bmi.osumc.edu and https://ramp-db.bmi.osumc.edu ). The goal of this chapter is to provide step-by-step instructions on how to install the software and use the commands within the R framework, without the user interface (which is slower than running the commands through command line). Both packages are in continuous development so please refer to the GitHub sites to check for updates.